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Full text of "Sovetish Heymland 1965 8"

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ืื™ื ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืข;ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืฃ 


ืืฒึทืš ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื ื•ืžืขืจ 9 ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ 
;ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜". ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ: ื“ื™ ื“ืจืืžืข /ื‘ ืึท ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืืžืกื˜ืขืจื“ืื.- 
ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจื™ื™ืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืขืกืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื•ืš ืฉืคึผื™ื ืึธื–ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื›ืื™ื ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก (ืคืจืื ืง- 
ืจืฒึทืš) ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึดืขืœ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ; ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืข ื˜ื™ื˜ืœื‘ื™ื (ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš, ื™ื™ืฆื›ืึทืง: 
ืขืœื›ืึทื ืึทืŸ ืจืึทื ื˜ืฉ (ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข), ืœ. ืžื™ืœืขืจ (ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš. 


ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื ืื˜ืืŸ ื–ืื‘ืืจืขืก ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ;ื ืก ืขื–ืึทืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืื˜ืฉืข" 


ืŸ ืื•ื•ืจืึทื 
ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื™ืจ 
ืงืื”ืื ืก ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ,9 ื ืจ ื‘ ืจ ืข 
ื’ ืข ื•ื• ื™ื™ืก ืŸ* -- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ืœื™ืก-ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. 


ืื™ืŸ ,/ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ" ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•. ื˜ืึทืžื™ื ืก 
ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืื–ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืงืก ืขืกืขืกืึธื•ื•ืฆืขืก ืื™ืŸ 


ืงืจืืกื ืึธื“ืืจ. 


ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื ืคึผืขืงืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืœืื ื’ืข -- 
ื˜ื™ื” ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืงืึท, ืืจืŸ ืงื•ืฉื ื™ืจืึทื•ื•, ื™ืขื›ืขื–ืงืœ ื“ืึทื‘ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ, 
ืขื–ื“ืึท ืคื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’ -- ืฆื•ื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืฑื™ืฉืข ื›ืืฉื˜ืฉืข: 
ื•ื•ืืฆืง', ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ-ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. 


ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉ-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ-ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ 

5 

ืึทืจื’ืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ 
5 ืื™ 
ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจื’ืื ื’ = ื’ | 
ืชึผ 

ืคืืจืœืื’ ,ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ืกืงื™ ืคึผื™ืกืื˜ืขืœื™ 


ืžืึทืกืงืฐืข 


ื ืื™ื›ื”:ืืกื˜ 


ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ (ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ืงืขืจ) 


ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืึธ ืฉืขืจืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. ื–ืฒึท ืคืืจืฉืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข.. 
(ืคึผืึทืขืžืข) ื™ืข" ืืจื™ : 

ื›ืื™ึดื ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“. ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ (ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’) . : 

ื›ืื ืข ืœืขืฐื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ. -- ืื™ืŸ ื ืžืฒึทื˜ืึธื’. -- ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ 


(ืœื™ื“ืขืจ) ืื˜ ื•ื =+ 2 0" ื“ืœ ืืš 6 1ืช-; 
ื™ืึธืกืœ ?ืขืจื ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“... --- ืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 

ืžืขืจ. -- ,ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ ืื™ื– ืœืื ื’.." (ืœื™ื“ืขืจ) . : , 
ื™ืขื›ื™ึทืขืœ? ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ ื ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืจืืฉืงืขืฐ. -- ืžืขืœืึทื›ืข.-- 
ืขืœื•ื›ืข (ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ) 


ืืžืข ื˜ืขืœืขืกื™ืŸ ื ืฆื•ืคืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธ. -- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™? -- ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืืจ ื ืžืฒืŸ. -- ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ. -- ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืฒึทืฉื˜ืึธื˜:ืฆื•ื’. -- ื˜ื›ื™ืขืก:ื”ืืžื™ื™ืกื™ื. -- 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข. -- ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืืฃ ืืจื•ืฃ. -- ืื™ืŸ 
ืžืืœื™ื™ืขื•ื•ืงืข. -- ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ืงืฐืึธืจื˜. --- ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืคืขืš (ืœื™ื“ืขืจ) 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืืฆื™ืขืก. ืื•ื™ื–ืขืจ ืฐืืจืฉืืฐืกืงื™ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ. -- ื ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ 
(ื“ืขืจืฆืฒื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ) . 


ื™* , 


ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 


ืืจืŸ ืฐืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก. ืจืฒึทื–ืขืก (ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’) . 


ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ 


ืžืึธื˜? ืกืืงืฆื™ึดืฆืจ. ืžื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ. 
ืœ. ืคืึธื“ืจื™ืื“ื˜ืฉื™ืง. ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข ืฐืฆ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ . 
ืœื™ื•ื‘ืข ื˜ ืฉืขืจื ื™ืืง. ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืืงืข 
(ืฆื•ื 775ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ) . 2 
0 ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™."ืœ. ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ. ื . ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ืฆืจ. 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก 5 09 ืก 2 0 
ื›. ืึธืกื˜ืจืึธืฐืกืงื™. 50 ื™ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข (ืฆื•ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืก- 
ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื™ืก ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“) . 8 ืก ืก ืก 'ืก 0 
ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 
ื’ืจื™ื ืคืขืœื“. ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 0 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข. ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืœื™ืค- 
ืฉื™ืฅ. ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื’ืŸ.. ื™ื™ึธืกืจืึธืขืœ ืก ืขืจ {- 


ื‘ืจื™ืื ื™ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ,ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข" 
ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง โ€ . . 


ื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ 


ืก 0 6 6 


; + 


ื™ื™ึดืฆื›ืึธืง 


ืกื™ ืฉึท" 0 ืืก 8 0 6 0 


116 


133 


139 


143 


145 


153 


154 


156 


160--157 . 2 4 + * 


ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜-ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึทืจ 
ื. ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก. 


ืจืขื“ืงืึทืœืขื’ื™ืข: 


ื—. ืึทืฉืขืจืึทืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื™. ื‘ืึทืจืŸ- 
ื›ืึทื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื. ื’ืึทื ื˜ืืจ, ืž. ื˜ื™ื™ืฃ, 
ื ืึทื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืข, ืž. ืœืขื•ื• 
(ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ), 
ื‘. ืžื™ืœืขืจ, ื™. ืคืืœื™ืงืžืืŸ 
ืืก ืคื•ื™; 2 ืคืืคื˜ืŸ ืŸื” 


ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ 


ืคื™ืจ ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 50-ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™- 
ืกืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. ืืฃ ื•ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืœืขื ืืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืงืึธืœืขื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืจืื’ืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืฒึทื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข, ืงื™ึดืขืฐื•, ืึธื“ืขืก, ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธืฐื•ื™ืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ืœื ื™ื•ืก: ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืฉืขื ืขื•ื•! 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืื– ื“ื™ ืคืœืขื ืืจืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ึทืงืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ื ื™ืฐืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจ ืคืื›ืžืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก- 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื ื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’. 

ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ-ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 

ืืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข โ€ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ื™ืึธืจ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ,ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ 
ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืื ื”ืขืจืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจืŸ. 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืžืขืจืงื‘ืืจ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื - 
ื˜ืืœืขืจ ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ (ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’, ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืื–ืฉ), ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคืžืขืจืง- 
ื–ืื ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืฒื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธื’ื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืกื“ื™ืง. 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก, -- 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืžื™ึทืจ, ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืจื™ื™- 
ื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขื - 
ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. 

ืคืืจืืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ ืคืจืื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ -- ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคืขืจื˜ืข ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจื™ืฉ-ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ -- ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ. 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืขื˜ืืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื– ื˜ืขืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ. ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืœืืกื™ืง 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ื–ืื›ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื›ื•ื-ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืขื ื™ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืœืขื™ืื“ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืฉื˜ืข- 
ืœืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืึธืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ: ืืฃ 
ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืขื ื’ืข ื“ืืœืขื“ืืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื•ื, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืึธื ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืฃ 
ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืืกืŸ -- ืื–ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืจืฒึทื– ื ืืฆื™ึทืึธื ืืœืข ื˜ืขืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืข- 
ืจืขืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 20-ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 20-ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜? 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ? ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื ืฒึทืŸ. 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืขื˜ืืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืฒึทืขื 


ืจ 


ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ึดืงืขืจ. 


ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜, ื ื ืฒึทืขื ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก, ื ืฒึทืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื ืฒึทืขื ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜, ื ืฒึทืข 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืข ืžืืกืฉื˜ืื‘ืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืืœืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ , ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜?, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจืฐื•ื™ืจื˜ืข ืืžืึธืœื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜, 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ื ื™ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 60-ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืจื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ืฉืืคื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง, 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜, ื’ืขืงื ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขื“ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ืืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื 
ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผื™ืขืœืข ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืจื˜ืจืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืž- 
ืœืื ื“" ืืฐืจืึธื ื’ืึธื ื˜ืืจ ื’ืขืึธื’ื˜: 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืกืึธืคืขืง ื“ืขืจ ืคืืงื˜, ืื– , ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ 
ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒึท ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื˜ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืœื’ืข- 
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ื›ืขื ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข, ืื–ื•ื™ ืื– ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ, ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ื™ืฉ-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืข ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื™ื•ื•ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืฆื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, 


ืžื™ืจ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ืจื•ืคืŸ ื ื”ื™ืคืฉืข ืฆืึถืœ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฐื•ืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืจื•ื’ื˜-ืคืึธื ื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืข ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืืŸ ,ืขืจืขื•ื•", ื ืึธื˜ืข 
ืœื•ืจื™ืขืก ,ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“", ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืจืื‘ื™ื ืก ,ื‘ืื ื ืขืžืืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ,ื›ืื•ื•ืขืœืข ื’ืขืคืขืŸ", ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก 
;ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’", ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืข ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ, ื™ืขื›ื™ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืžืืŸ, ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื™ืขืจ 
ื™ืขืœื™ืŸ, ื™ืขื›ื™ืขืœ ืคืืœื™ืงืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ึนื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืืฆื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื• ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™; 


, 


:5 
ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฉื™ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข, ืฐืึธื˜ืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืœ" 


ื‘ืืจืขืจ ื‘ืืึธื‘ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืฐื•ื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ืื˜ ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ืฉ 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืคืืงื˜, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื˜ืจืึธ- 
ืกืคึผืขืงืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ -- ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืืจ- 
ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืกื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’; ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืข- 
ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธืจืก ืคืืจืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™- 
ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืื–ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’-ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืข ืœืขื•ื•, ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข 
ื’ืขืŸ, ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืกืึธืคึผืขืง ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ;ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ", ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืขืก ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 
ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก, --- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ืœืื˜ ื’ืึธื ื˜ืืจ, -- ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜, ืคืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ืึธื ืจื•ืคืŸ ,ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ?. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ. 
ืึธืคื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื”ืืœ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืงืขื“ืฒึท 
ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ืื– ืึธืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืกืคืขืฆื™ืคื™ืง ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืœื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื™ืขื“ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื, ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืืกืึธืฆื™ืืฆื™ืขืก, 
ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืข- 
ืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข, ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ, ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜; ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื™ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง, ืืงื˜ื•ืขืœ. ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืืคืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืื’ื™ืกื˜ืจืืœ-ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ,ื ืึธืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ", ืคื•ืŸ 


ืงืืจื•ื ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืืœ?" ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ;ืžื™ื“ืืก-ื”ืื“ื™ืŸ" ืื•ืŸ ,ื‘ืื ื“ื ื™ืขืคึผืขืจ?. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข 


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ื˜ืฉ 


ื ื™ืฉ 


4 


ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจืึธื‘ื™ื“ื–ืฉืืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ,,ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืžืืฉื‘ืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืจืึธืžืืŸ ,ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ". 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืคืืจืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, -- ืžืื›ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืจืข- 
ื’ืขืจ, -- ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืืงื˜ื•ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื’, ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคืืจ ืึธื›ืขืจ ื ื‘ืขืงืึธื•ื•ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ. 

ื. ื’ืึธื ื˜ืืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืื ืคึผืืจื˜ืฒ- 
ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืฉืืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจืืœื™ืฉ-ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืจืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืฆื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ ืืฃ ื•ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
/ 


ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื™ืง 
ื”ืืจ ืฉ ืฉืข ืจ ืึธ ืฐื™ื˜ ืฉ (ื•ื™ืœื ื™ื•ืก). ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืงืึธืœืขื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ ื• ืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข ืจืขื“ืงืึธืœืขื’ื™ืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ., ืฐืึธืจืขื ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ 


ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš ื ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ึดืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื›ืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืื›ืจื™ื™ืขืก. 

ืžื™ื“ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงืึธื”ืึธืจื˜ืข ืงืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืืœืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืงืœืืœ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืกื™ื™ ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ืœืฒืฒึทืฐื•ื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง, ืกื™ื™ ืžืขื›ืื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, 
ืกื™ื™ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ื ืึธืฐื•ืขืœืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง 


ืคื•ื ืขื , ืกืึธื“-ื”ืืฆื™ืžืฆืขื" ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจืŸ -- ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ึทืฉืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฆืึธืœืจืฒึทื›ืข ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืคื™ืœืคืืจื‘ื™ืงืข, 
ืจืฒึทืคืข, ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืึธืฉืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืขืคืข- 


ืจื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘-ืื•ืŸ-ื’ื•ื˜ืก. 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ื’ึตืจ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจืึธื–ืฅ-ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืขื•ื•, ืึธื“ืขืก, ืงืขืฉืขื ืขื•ื•, ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธืฐื•ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขื›ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืŸ ืืฐื•ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื•ื, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืฐืึธื’ื™ืง ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜-ืฆื•-ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขื ืคืืœ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืึธืคึผื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื- 
ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ; ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 

ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ 
ื”ืขืกืงืขื, ืื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืขืืœืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื•ื–ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. 

ืืœื–ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื“ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกื™ืึธื ืขืœืŸ 
ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธ ื“ืืจืฃ ืคืึธืจืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคืื›ืžืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก-ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื™ืฉ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, 
ื•ืฐื•ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ึดืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืฒึทื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืืฃ ื ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจ-ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฆืขืš. 

ื›ืื™ึดื ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“ (ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธื•ื•ื™ืฅ). ื›. ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื“ืข ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื ืขืกื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืก-ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ 
ื›ืืฉื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืื˜ืข. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืกืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฃ ื ื’ืื ืขืง ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ื›ืื ืข-ืจืึธื›ืœ, ืืŸ ืืžืึธ- 
ืœื™ืงืข ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืข. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืืกืŸ. -- ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ 
ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฐื•ืขืจื“ืœืึธื•ื•ืกืง, ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื’ืœืื•ื•ื ืขืจ ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจ. 

-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ื–ื•ืŸ? 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืื’ืืจื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ; ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ ื ืฉื•ื™ื›ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื ืงืึธืฉืขืจืข ื™ื•ื™ืš. ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฒื™ื ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืกืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืคืŸ ืœืขืคืœ... 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื›ืื ืข-ืจืึธื›ืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฐืขืจื“ืœืึธื•ื•ืกืง. 


-- ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืžืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืš ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ืขืจ, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืืฃ ื ื›ืืกืขื’ืข. 

ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“ ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ, ืื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืžืืžืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™, 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืขืžืขืกืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืื ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืืžืขืก ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜", 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงืฒื™ื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“, 
ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืขื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขืจื”ืฒื™ื˜ ื ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ื“ื™ืฒื™ึทืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืืžืขืฉ 
ืฆื• ื‘ืืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืื ื™ืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผืื–ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคืึธืœืงืกื˜ื™ืžืœืขืš-ื›ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง, ื˜ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ. 

ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ื›ืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ , ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืž- 
ืœืื ื“", ื‘ืืฐื•ืฒึทื™ื–ืŸ ืืžื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื ืกืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ึทื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืืœืก ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ืคื™ืœ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ,ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจ* ืคื•ื ืขื ืื ื˜ื™ืจืึธืžืืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืื™ื– ื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื‘ืืœื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆืžืขืกื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื ื“ 


ืขืจืŸ ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“, ื•ื™ 


ืื•ื™ืš ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’. ืคืืœื™ืงืžืื ืก ืืจื™ืข ื’ื™ื˜ืขืœืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜. ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืื ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 


ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืื ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืข- 
ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื‘ืืœื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ืคืืจืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคืืจืคื™ืœืŸ ื ืกืืš ืœืœื™ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“, 
ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืœืฒึทื˜ 
. ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืš ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื•ืฐื•ืขืง 
ื ืกืืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืŸ ื–ืืžืœื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข. ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ื - 
ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืืžืœื‘ื•ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืข -- ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืืกื˜ืจืึธื ืึธืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ึธืึธืœืึธื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืฒึทืข ืžืืงืจืึธ- ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธ-ืฐืขืœื˜ืŸ. 
ื™ืขื›ื™ึดืขืœ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ (ืงืขืฉืขื ืขื•). ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฑื™ื“ืข: ื›'ืœื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ- 
ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืข. ืงื™ื ืข ืื™ื–, ื•ื™ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ. ื’ื•ื˜ืข 
ืงื™ื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื•ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื•ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืก. 
{ = ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืงืื ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื–, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืึธ ืืฃ ืฐืึธืก. ืงื•ื™ื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ, ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงืึธืœืขื’ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืขืคึผื™ืฉืข ืœืฒึทืฐื ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜, 
ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื™ื•ื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ื˜ืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืจืขืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜. 
ื›'ื–ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืื ื™ ื”ืืงืึธื˜ืŸ. ืึธืŸ 'ืกืคื™ื™ืงืขืก, ืึธืŸ ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืงืึธืŸ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืฑื™ื‘ื ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืœืฒึทืฐื•ื ื˜ -- ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. 
ืื™ืš ื›ืึธืœืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื–ื ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืจืื ื’ืœ ื–ื™ืš, ื–ื•ืš. ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื–ืืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœืข 
ืคึผื™ื™ื–ืื–ืฉ, ืกื˜ื™ืœ, ื“ืขื ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืื˜ื™ืง --- ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืืœ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจ 
ื›ืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืฆื™ึดืขื ื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœืข. ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ื˜, ืฐื™ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“. ืื™ืš 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’. 
ืฐื•ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืงืก ;ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข* (;ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื ื•ืž. 1, 1965). ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืืกืงื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืงืก ื‘ืื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ื•ื ื’. 
ืื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ื–ืฉืื ืจืขืŸ. 


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ื ืึธืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืงืก ;ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ". ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ืข ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืฅ. ืืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคืฆื•ืงืœืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ , ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ืข" ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืขืฃ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืœืฒึทื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืœืฉืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ ืฐืฒึทืก. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, 
ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืœืื˜ ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ,ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ืข", ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื - 
ืจื•ืคื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ืคืืœืฉืข ื‘ืื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืงืึธืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืืœืข ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืืจื•ื™ืกืคึผืœืขืกืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฉื™ื™ื - 
ืงืฒึทื˜, ืจืึธืžืื ื˜ื™ืง, ื ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืขืจืง, ื ื›ืืกืขื ืข, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื™ ื ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืฐื™ 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข ื’ืขื ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืคืืœืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืกืึธืฃ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืืœืฉ. ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก. ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืฉืืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืฑื™ื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ 
ืขืžืขืกื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืืจืฃ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืฒื™ืขื ืขืจ, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง, ืื– ื”ืขืœืข ืคืืจื‘, ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืœืขืš ืคืืจ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜. 

ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ ื ืกืืš ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ 
ืงืืคึผืจื™ื–ื ืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ, 
ื•ื™ ืืฃ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื–ืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉืืจืฃ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื•ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื ืกืืš 
ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒึทืฉืืคื˜. ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืกืึธืจื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืš, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืคืึธืจื. ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืคืึธืจื ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจืฒื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืœืึธืฉืฃ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืึธืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึธืฉืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜. ืœืึธืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืึธืฉืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ. 

ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื•ื™ื”ืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืขืœื“, ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ? ื•ื™ึดืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืืœืึธื’? ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืืฃ ื 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ืงืŸ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืœืึธืฉืŸ? ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืกื•ืขืŸ ืคืืœืฉ? ืฆื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื–ืืคื˜ื™ืง- 
ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืข- 
ืฆื•ื ื’? ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืึธืจืขืžื˜. ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืคืึธืจื ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ 
ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืกืขืš, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœืข ื˜ื ื•ืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืข- 
ืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืืฒึทืขืจืข. ,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื - 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื ื™ืง ืœื™ื›ื˜. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืคืึธืœืงืกื˜ื™ืžืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜- 
ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืจืื–ืข -- ื’ืขื˜ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ -- ืจืขืœื™ืขืคืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืืœืึธื’ -- ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื“ืขื 
ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก ืืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš -- ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืขืจ. 

ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืŸ ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืื˜ ืœืืš-ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“-ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, ื›ืึธื›ืžืข-ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืข-ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ. 

ืขืก ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื• --- 50 ื™ืึธืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธ- 
ืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ 100 ื™ืึธืจ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ, -- ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื˜ื™ืคืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ืื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื–ืืš, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ ื ืึธืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืืจืื‘ื™ืข. 

ื ืึธื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืข ืึธื“ืขืก). ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืœืขื ืืจืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืงืึธืœืขื’ื™ืข, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืคืจืื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื - 
ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืคื™ืœ ืฐื•ืขืจืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืกืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืฒื™ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง, ืกืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืื˜ื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืจื•ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜- 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืข ืฆืึธืœ ืฐืขืจืง, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื‘ืืจืฒึทื›ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื“ืื ืง 
ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ,ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“" ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื ืžืื–ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืึธ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืฆื• ืืœืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 


7 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืก 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’, ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื’ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 6 
ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื’ืขืŸ ืขื ื’ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ, 


ื ื˜ืข 
ืฐื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืœื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืคืืจื‘ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื 
ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ืฒึทืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ื•ืฐืขืจืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืฑืคึผื˜ 
ื˜ืืงืข ืืงื˜ื•ืขืœืข. 

ื“ืึธ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืจืื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืคืึธืจื. ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืœืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜, ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉืข ,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืŸ", ืฐื™, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงืืคึผืึธื˜ืขืก ืฆื™ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืขืก. ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืึธืคึผื”ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฒื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ, ืขืžืขืกื“ื™ืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ, 
ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืขืžื™ื™ืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืฉืจืฒ- 
ื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืข ;ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืŸ", ืื•ืŸ 
ืกืืจื ืคึผืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ื ืืฆ;ืึธื ืืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืืคืฃ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ื ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื, 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื ืคื•ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืง ื ื ื˜ืข 


ืฆ ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื ืคื•ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ 


ื”ืขืœื“, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืœืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืœืก ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธืฃ, ืื– ืื–ืขืœ 6 ื ื™ื™ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืคืก-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ื ื’ 2 ื‘ืืฐื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™. 

: ื ื–ื ืืข (ืงื™ืขื•ื•). ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืกืืš ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ = ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคืืœืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืžืœื˜. ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืข- 


ื–ืืœื‘ื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืงืœ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ืื ืฆื•ืคื•ืกื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™- 
ื ื™ื ืงืŸ ืึถืœื™ืžืคึผ-ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ. :ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™, ื“ืขืจ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•- 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืŸ ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง-ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™- 
ื›ืขืจ-ืงืจืึธื. 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ืงืขืจ 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆ 
ื™ื‘ ืขืจ-ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืื ื“. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื ื’ืจื• 6 ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืฉืึธืจืกืŸ, 


ืœื™ืง ืฐืขืจืง. ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืข 


6 
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6: 

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ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื“ืข ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ื˜ 
ืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื ืฆืขื ื“- 
ื ืฐื•ื™ ืกืฐืขืจื“ืœืึธื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืฆืงื™, 
ื™ืืงื™ืจ ื™ื• ืืง ืคืขืœื“ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืจืึธืฐื•ื™ืฅ = ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืŸ, ื“ืืจืคืŸ 
ื–ื•ืขืจืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง. ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข" ื ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ื ืกื˜ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง. ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืฉืขืคึผืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ 
ืคืืจ ื”ืขืจืึธื™ึดืง ืื•ืŸ ืจืึธืžืื ื˜ื™ืง, ืคืืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืขืคึผื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ื ืขื ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ื– 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืืฒึทืš ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื”ืขืœื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจื™ื ื˜ืข- 
ืจืขืกื™ืจื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ึดืขื•ื• ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™-ื’ืืก, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืข 
ื˜ืขืจืขืฉืขื ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงืข. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทื’ืขืจื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื’ืขื ื•ืž; 0 ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ. 


ืŸ 1917 ืงื•ืžื˜ ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื™ื’ืจืืฆื™ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“; ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื™ื˜ ืืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื“ืขื 25 ื™ื•ืŸ 1917 ื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ,ืคึผืจืื•ื•ื“ื" ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ,ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜". ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ื•ื™ ืžืื ื•ื™ืœืกืงื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ,ืคึผืจืื•ื•ื“ื" ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’, ืื– ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ื ื›ืืฐื•ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜-ื“ื•ืžืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ืืœืก ืื–ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ-ื“ื™ื ืกื˜, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง 
ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืจืฉืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืจืึธื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืจืขืึธื‘ืจืื–ืฉืขื ืกืงืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœืง. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœืง, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืื™ืกืืงืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ 
ืฆืืจื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. ื‘ืื ืฉื˜ื•ืจืžืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ืคึผืืœืืฅ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื˜ืึธื ืึธืฐ-ืึธืฐื•ืกืฒืขื ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืฐื•ื•ึผ 
ืก'ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒื˜ืฐืฒึทืœื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’. 

ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืขื ื“ืื ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ืคึผืืœืืฅ. 


ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข, ื ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธืŸ ืจื™ื“ืŸ. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, 
ืื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ื–ืฉืึธืŸ ืจื™ื“ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืขื˜ืื˜ 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“. ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืงื”ืึธืœื ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธืžืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืกื™ืข, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืฐืขืจื“ืœืึธื•ื• ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ืคืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขื˜ืœื™ื•ืจื™ืฉ-ื”ืขื˜ืžืื ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืื ื“ืขืก. ื ืกืฐืึธืจืข, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื“ืึธืœืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืึธืœื™ืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื˜ืืžืืŸ ื–ืขืœืขื ื˜. 

ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื–ื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜? ืขืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื•ืขืจืง, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืืงื˜ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง. 

ื ืื˜ืืŸ ื–ืื‘ืืจืข ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืงื™ืึธืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข, ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจ ืœืื ื“, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ (ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธื•ื™ืฅ). ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืž- 
ืœืื ื“ื™ื™, ื•ื•ืขืœ ืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ ื˜ื™ 
ืฐื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ- 
ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉ- 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข 
ืงืื•ื–ืึธื ืข ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื“ืืจืฃ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืฒืขื ืขืจ ืขืคืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืึธื ื˜, ืคืืจื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื‘ืกืึธ- 
ืœื™ื•ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ืึธื›ืข, ืžื•ื– ืื™ืš 


ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืึธืคึผืžืขืจืงืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ื ืขื ;ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืžืœืื ื“"-ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“: ืขืœื™ืข ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืื ืก 


;ืขืจืขื•ื•", ื ืึธื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืขืก ,ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“" ืื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื ืก ,ื›ืื•ื•ืขืœืข ื’ืขืคืขืŸ". 

ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืื ืก ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธ- 
ื ืขืจืขืจ ืขืจืขื•ื•, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืึธื ื“ืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืขืจืขื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ืงืึธืžืคืœืขืงืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื- 
ื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืกื™ื‘ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคืืจืืŸ. ืขืœื™ืข 
ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืกืฒึท ืงืึธืžืคืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืืœืก ื’ืื ืฆืขืก, ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฉืฒื™ื›ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืข. ื ืกืืš ื”ืึธืจืขื•ื•ืื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืขืจืง ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื›ืจืฒึทืขืก ืื•ืŸ -- ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืขืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ -- ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜. ืืขืจืขื•ื•" 
ื‘ืืจืฒึทื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืขืจื”ืืคื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ื“ืึธืš ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ: ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกืœืื ื“. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ืื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ -- ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืกืŸ ืœืื ื“ืข ืคืืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืคึผืึธื›ืข. 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืกืŸ ืœืื ื“ืข ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืึธืžืืŸ. ื ืึธืกืŸ ืœืื ื“ืข, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืง, ืื™ื– ื ื˜ืขืžืข 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ .ืขืจืขื•ื•", ื–ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก, ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœืข. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืขืก , ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“" ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจื˜. 

ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, ืื– ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ: ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ.. ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ: ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•. ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืžื™ื˜ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืขืจื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืืกืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™, ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ 
ืื–ื ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืื ืขืจื“, ื ืึธืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื•ื™ื•ึผื ื’ ืืฃ ื‘ืื ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืขืจื“. 


ื™ื™ ื™ื™ 


1 ื“ืึธ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืึธืœื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื’ืขื“ื™ืข" -- ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื˜ืจื™ืื“ ืงืึธืž" 
ื™ื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืึธืœื™ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืขืฐ. 


ืœื•ืจื™ืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื›ืจื™ื™ืขืก-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืจื ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืœื™- 
ื’ืื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืกืžืืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืฆื• ืจืื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืœื•ืจื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื”ื™ื™ื ืข: ืืฑื™ืกืžืฒื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืืœืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ 
,ืœืื ื’ื–ืืžืข? ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ; ืึธื˜, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืื ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืขืคื˜ืœืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืขืœืงืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื–ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื‘ืื ื•ื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืกืืžืข ืื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืขืก ืจืึธืžืืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืื ืก ;ืขืจืขื•ื•", ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 

ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืจืื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคืืจื‘ืŸ. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜. ื“ืึธืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ-ืฐื•ืขืจื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืึธืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื ื˜ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜. 
ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,ื›ืื•ื•ืขืœืข ื’ืขืคืขืŸ? ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื– ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ. ืจืื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒืฒึทื ืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืคื™ืœ ืื™ืš 
ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, 
ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,/ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืฒื™ืžืฉื˜ืึธื˜* ืื™ื– ื ืฐื•ืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. 

ืžื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ. ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ , ืกืึธืฐื•ืฆื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". 


ืคื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืืฉืฒื“ื ืงืฒึทื˜, ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ;ื˜ื•ื™ืจืขืก", 
ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก 


ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืฉ, ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื•, ืฉื™ืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืกื™ืึธื ื™ืกื˜. ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ืขืœืŸ. ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืก, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืื‘ืขืœ ืื™ื– ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ื ืคึผืึธืขื˜. ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืกืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืก. ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ื›ืืคึผื˜ 
ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื”ืื ืึธืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืึธื‘ืขืจ... ื™ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืื– ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืžื•ื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ 
ื’ื•ื˜ืฐื™ืœื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื‘ืืจื•ืฃ... 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืฆื•ื ืกืืžืข ืื™ืงืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ:ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื“ืื˜ืขืก. ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ 
ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืกืึธื•ื•ืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืžืื›ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืื˜ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธืฃ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ. 

ื˜ืขืฐื™ืข ื’ืขืŸ (ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข) ืฐืขืŸ ืžืข ื’ื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ 25 ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ื˜. ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืจ ื–ืืคื˜ืŸ, ืžืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธ- 
ืจื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื–ื ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ืกืจืฒึทื›ืŸ 
ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ. 

ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ; ื ืกืืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืœื’ืข- 
ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ; ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืข- 
ืฆื™ืคื™ืฉืข: ื ืึธืฆื™ึธืึธื ืืœืข ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜, ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืื. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ 
ืืœืข ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื ืฒึท: ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก, ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึท ื“ื™ ืจืขืืœืข 
ืฐืฑื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ืฒึทื˜. ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื ืขื’ืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ, ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข; ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขืœื“; ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– -- ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜; ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื•. 

ืฐื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“? ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ, ืืœื“ืึธืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืœืขืš, ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื 
ืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคืข ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึธื“ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ ื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ืขืจ-ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืž. ืœืขื•ื•ืก 
ืคึผืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข", ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืคืืœื™ืงืžืื ืก, ืž. ื™ืข- 
ืœื™ื ืก, ื”. ื“ืึธื‘ื™ื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ. ืขืžืขืกืข ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข 
ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘. ืžื™ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ื™ืจืึธื‘ื™ื“ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธื ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืขื ืคืึธื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 


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ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒ- 
ื˜ื™ืง, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืืฃ ืืœืฅ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื–ื™ื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื™ื˜ืœ- 
ื‘ืืจืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก. 

ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฒื™ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš. 

ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืขืจ (ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข). ืื™ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื™ื™ 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืจืขื•ื• 1905 ื™ืึธืจ: ื“ืขื ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืก ืจืึธืžืืŸ ,ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจ* ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืข ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืื ืก ,ืขืจืขื•ื•". ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ --ื ืžื™ื˜ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•- 
ืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ -- ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื ืฐื•ึผืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. 

ืขืœื™ืข ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ืื’ืื‘ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ, 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืžืขืจืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืงืข ื›ื™ื™ืจื•ืก ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืคื™ืกืข, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืกืŸ ืœืื ื“ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื“ืขืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜, 
ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืงืœืืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงื•ื™ืขืš, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืื‘ืืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ ื’ืขืงืขืžืคื˜ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœืงื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืจื™ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืฉื•ืฅ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืืฃ ืืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืกืขืก ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ;ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข 
ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืื– ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ , ืงื™ื™ื˜" ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ืข-ืื•ืจืขื ืข, ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืœืฉืขืžื˜ืึธื• ืืื•. 

ื”ืขืจืฉ ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืง ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข). ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
;ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืื 
ืืฃ ื ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ืฆื•ื ืจืึธืžืืŸ. ื“ืึธืก 
ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืฆื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืงืึธืœืขื’ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื“ื™ึธืืœืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืข ื•ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจืงื™ืŸ, ืฉืึธืœืึธื›ืึธื•ื•ืŸ, ืคืื“ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ืŸ, ืœืขืึธื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ, ืคืขื“ื™ื ืขืŸ; ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ -- ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึธื ื“ืขืจื”ืืœื‘ืŸ 
ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฐืขืจืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ- 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื ื™ื•ื•ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืก, 
ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืืœืขืจ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื–ืืžืœื˜ ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ืคืืจ ื 
ื ืฒื™ึทืขื ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’. ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืจืง ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืืฐื•ืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. 

ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืง ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื‘ืฒื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื’ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืกื˜ืึธื™ืขื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก 
ืคืึธืจื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืืจืขื–ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืžืืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืจืŸ, ืืงืกืขื ืคืขืœื“ืŸ, ืœื™ื ืขืฆืงื™ืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ืื– ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™, 
ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ึธืึธื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืืœืข ืฐืขืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืœืžืขืกื™ืงืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืœืก ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืก-ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ึดืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฐืขืจืง, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืขืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืžืขืกื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก, ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืœืฒึทื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืืึธื˜ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื˜ื™ืฐื•ื•ื™ืจื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจืฉื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื”ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื’ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง, --- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื ื’ืขื‘ืฒึท ื ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœ- 
ื’ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™-ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœ. ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื ื’ืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคืขืœื˜ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ 


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ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ 
ื˜ืจืื’ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืคืืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืข ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ืขืก. 
ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืง ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืืš-ืคึผืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ึดืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 
ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืง ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืขืจืก ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืื ืก ืจืึธืžื 


;ืขืจืขื•ื•". ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืขืจืก ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืืŸ 4 ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื’ื ื’ื˜,? 
ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’ ืฆื• ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ืž. ืืœื˜ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜- 


ืžืื ืก ืจืึธืžืืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืื ืืœื™ื– ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืง = ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืฐืขืจืง: ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœื•ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืื–ื ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’ ืื™ื–, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืขืžื‘ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ. 

ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ (ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข). ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื™ ืกืึธื“, ืื– ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื˜ืจืึธื’, ื“ืืจืฃ ืืฃ ื•ื”ืื™ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืจืื’ืข 
ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ. 

ื ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืืฑื™ืกืงืœืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก-- 
ืืงื˜ื•ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜. ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืฃ? ืฐืฒึทืœ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื”ืขืจืฃ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื 
ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ืฉืึธืœืขื ืขื™ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ, ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ืžืืจืงื™ืฉ, ืคืขืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆืืคึผืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคื ืื ืจืคื’ื” ืœื’ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืฐืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ 6 ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืฐื• 


ืฐื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. 


ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืึธื ืงื”ืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืฃ. ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขื“ืื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ 24 ืฉืึธ. 
ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื›ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข. ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืคืืจื’ืื  
ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืจืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐื™, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืžืข. 
ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืœืง. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉืฐืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผื•ื™ืขืจ. 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฑืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืกื˜, ื ืงืึธืžื‘ืฒึทื ืขืจ; ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ; 
ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื, ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืœื™ื ื. 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคื˜ืจืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ,,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืฉื•ึผืฐื•ื™ื ืืคืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฆืึธืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืฉืขืฐ, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืš 
ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจืคื•ื ื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืขืก. 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืื›ื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืฐืึธืจืงื•ื˜ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืœื“- 
ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืฉืึธืจืข, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื–ื ื‘ืืŸ, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืืคื˜-ื˜ื•ืจืขืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื›ื˜ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ- ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืžืขืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื™ืค- 
ืžืขื˜ื™ืง: ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืœ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืืฒื™ื ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ึทืขืœืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืฉื•ึผืฑื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ื ืฆื•ืคืœื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืคืœื•ืก. 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืกืึธื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœืข ืื ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•ืŸ , ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืื™ื– ื ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืคืืจ ืืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ื‘ืื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธ- 
ื–ืื™ึดืงืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืฃ ื ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฆื™ ืคืืจืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืฒืœืžืึธืœ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš. 
ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผ 
ืืœื˜ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืก ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืžืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืจืฒื ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 
ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืื˜ืข--50 ื™ืึธืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืžืื›ื˜,.--ืื™ื– ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ 
ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฐื•ึผืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ 1917, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 


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ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืจื™ื“ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื•ึผื ื’. 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืจืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืงื•ื™ืขืš ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื‘ืขืงืึธืฐืขื“ื™ืงืข ืžื™ืกื™ืข. 

ืืฐืจืึธื ืงืื”ืืŸ (ืงื™ืขื•). ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ: ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึธืŸ. ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื-ืงื•ื•ืืœ, ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืืœื‘ืขืจื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื‘ื˜ืฉื•ืง, ืงื™ืคึผื ื™ืก, ืึธืœืขื•ื•ืกืงื™, 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ืื ืงืขืจ, ืกื™ื˜ืึธ. ืื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ืคืื ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ืœืฑื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืกืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ 
ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจ. ืืœื‘ืขืจื˜ืึธืŸ,. ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืืกืจื™ืœืขื•ื•ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื™ื–ืขื›ืฅ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจืึธื‘ื™ื“ื–ืฉืืŸ; ืื‘ื˜ืฉื•ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืœ ืฉืืžื™ื™ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื•ื ื“ืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ืืฃ 
ื ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง; ืคึผืึธืœื™ืื ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขืž-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืคึผืืจืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ืข ื’ืื–ืœืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ 
ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. 

ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืฆื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืฅ-ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืกื˜ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœ- 
ืกืึธื ืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘-ืžืื ื™ืจ, ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืึธืจืœืื ื“, ื“ืื ื™ืขืœ, ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื•ื•, ืฉืงืืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืึธืก 
ืขืœื™ืข ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืืŸ. ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืจืœืื ื“ืก ,ื”ืจืขื‘ืœื™ืขืก" ืื•ืŸ , ืื’ืœืึธืžืขืจืื˜"-- ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขื›ื“ื™ืง 
ืืฒึทื ื“ืจืขืžืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื™ื˜ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืžืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืข 
ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ. ื“ืื ื™ืขืœืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืื ื˜ื™ืฉ-ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขื 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื˜ืจื’ืขืœืกืึธืŸ-ื ื•ืกืขืš. 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืืคึผืื–ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ื“. ืืœืข ืขื˜ืืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’ 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ / 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืฆื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืคื™ืœ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื“ืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ, ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืื–ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 


ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

ื ืฆื™ืงืื•ื•ืข ื ืฒึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,,/ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ". 
ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืืจืฃ ืืฐื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืงืืžืฃ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืขืกืœื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ื‘ืืกื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ืœื•ื ื’. 

ื ืื˜ืืŸ ื–ืื‘ืืจืขืก ืจืึธืžืืŸ , ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜" ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื ืึธื›ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœืื ื“. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขืจืง ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืืฆื“ืืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 

ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืฉืฐืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ---ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื–ื ื‘ืื ืขืจ, ืคืœื™ึดืขืจ, ืงืึธืžื‘ืฒึทื ืขืจ, -- ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขื–ืฉืงืข. ืคืืœื™ืงืžืื ืก ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืขื ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,, ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืึธื“ืึธืฉ* 
ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืžืขื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,ื’ืขืœืข ืžื™ืœืŸ?, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’, ื ื˜ืขืžืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 20--30-ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ืจืงืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื. ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืก ;ื‘ืจืื˜ืกืง? ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจืขืคึผืึธืจ- 
ื˜ืื–ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ , ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื›ืขืก", ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืจืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื›ื™ื™ืŸ- 
ืคื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืคืืœ. ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ืืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืื–ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒื™ื˜. 

ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ืืŸ ืื•ืคื˜ื• ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื˜. ื’ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื’ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืš 
ืคืจื™ืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืž. ืœืขื•ื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ื”. ื“ืึธื‘ื™ื ืก ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ืขืจ-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืขืก. 

ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ื ืึธื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืขืก ืจืึธืžืืŸ ,;ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“" ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืข ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืื ืก 
;ืขืจืขื•ื•". ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ 
ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". 

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ /ืขืจืขื•ื•". ืžื™ืจ ื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคึผืืจืฉื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืจืึธืžืืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืึธืก ื ืฐืฒื™ึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคืขืจื˜ืข ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืื™ื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจืขืœืขืŸ, ื’ืจืฑื™ืกืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืึธืจื’ื™ืฒื™ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜-- 
ื›ื™ื™ืจื•ืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื’ื™ืจื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื 
ืืจื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื–ื, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื ืกืืš ื’ืขื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•- 


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ืข. ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ-ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืจื™ึดืข. 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ื™ืขื›ื™ึดืขืœ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืื ืก ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืกืงื™ืฆืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืฐืขืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. 

ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ, -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื. ืงืื”ืืŸ, --- ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืืžืœืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜- 
ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ืฉืข ื”ื™ื™ื›ืŸ. 

ืฉื™ืจืข ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข). ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 
ืืฐื•ืจืึธืืก ืงืื”ืืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืขืกืœื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ 
ืขืงืกืงื•ืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜. 
ืขื’ื“ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืฃ ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ืคืจืื’ืข 
ื ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืฉืข. ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืžื•ืžืข ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข. 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืงืื”ืื ืก ื–ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™: ,ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฉืึธืคืขืจืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜!" ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื™ืœ. ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืงืฐื™ื˜ืงืึธืŸ, ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ: ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืงืฐื™ื˜ืงืึธืก ,,ืœื™ืื ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืจื™ืง? ืื™ื–, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, 
ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืก ;ื™ื™ึดื›ืขืก?. ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื–ืืคื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ืง. 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื-:ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืงืœืขืคื˜ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœืึธื’ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. 

ื‘ื ืคื™ืœ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ,ืกืงืื–ื™ื˜ืขืœืขืก" -- ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจ. ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื–ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ,ืกืงืื–ื™ื˜ืขืœืขืก? ืื•ืŸ ืกืงืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืึธื– ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืขื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื”ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืฉืื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข 
ื‘ืื’ืื‘ื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 

ืืฐื•ืจืึธื ืงืื”ืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืคืืœื™ืงืžืื ืก ืื™ื™ื–ื ื‘ืื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš, 
ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืœื™ืงืžืื ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,ื’ืขืœืข ืžื™ืœืŸ". ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื•ื ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืื›ื•ืฅ ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ืข ืคืืคึผื™ืจืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืฉืข ื”ืขื ื˜? 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืขืš ืขืจ ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืข ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืฐื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื“ืข ืืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจืžื™ื ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 

ืฉื™ืจืข ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜, ืคืืจื•ืคื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื™ืจืข ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืืจืฑืกืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืงืื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื’ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื™ื™ึทืกืจืึธืขืœ ืกืขืจืขื‘ืจื™ืื ื™ (ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข). ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ื™ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื– ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืื“ื™ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืื ื™ืจืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืขืก, ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘- 
ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

ื“ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ืื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, -ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืฐื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ึดืขื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืคื™ืœ ืืฃ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ 
ืœืขื‘ื ืก"ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’. ื“ืึธ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืœืก ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคืึธืจื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื›ืขืกืจื•ื™ื ืขืก; ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’. 
ื™ืขื“ืข ื ืฒึทืข ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืข- 
ืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ. 

ื™. ืกืขืจืขื‘ืจื™ืื ื™ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึธืŸ, ืื– ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ 
ืžืขืจื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ. ื“ืขื ,ื–ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ืฐืึธืš? ื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜. ืืคื™ืœืข ืื–ื 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืคึผืึธื’ืœ-ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข, ืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคื˜ 
ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœื˜ืข ืืกืึธืฆื™ืืฆื™ืขืก. 


14 


*ืŸ 


ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ ืกืขืจืขื‘ืจื™ืื ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืึธื‘ืขืจื˜ืข ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืŸ. 

ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ (ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข). ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜ืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ืึธืจืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ. 

ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืื ืก ,ืขืจืขื•ื”" ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืื ื’ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ-ืžืืกืฃ 
ื ืึธื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขืจืงื•ื•ื™ืจื“ื™ืง ืฐื•ืขืจืง, ืฐื™ ื ืกื ืฒึทืคึผืขืจ, ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœ. ,ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“" ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืึธืžืืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ,,ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ", ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ 

ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜, ืื™ื– ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืก ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 

ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข ื’ืขืŸ, ื™ืขื›ื™ืขืœ ืคืืœื™ืงืžืืŸ, ืฉื™ืจืข ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ, ื ืื˜ืืŸ ื–ืื‘ืืจืข, ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ื™ืขื›ื™ึดืขืœ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ, ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืจืื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ึดืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข 
ืคืึธืจื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจื“ืข. ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ืื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 

ื™ืขื›ื™ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืžืื ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืฉ. ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง. ืฉื™ืจืข ืฉืžืื ืก ื ืึธืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึธืœืงืกื˜ื™ืžืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ืืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข ื’ืขื ืก ,ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒื™ืžืฉื˜ืึธื˜* ืื™ื– ืœื™ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœ, 
ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ืืฃ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ 


ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืื˜ืืŸ ื–ืื‘ืืจืขืก 
ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ,ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜". ืืฃ ื–ืื‘ืืจืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’. 


ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืžืฒึทืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง ืฆื•ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ 
;ื“ืขืจ ืคื ื‘ืจืขื ื˜", ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืฉื˜ืื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ... 
ืฉื•ืข ืœื™ื•ื‘ืึธืžื™ืจืก ืงื™ (ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข). ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืืจ? ื™ื™ ื ืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ืขื“ืขืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืืคืงืข 
ืื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืคื™ืœ ืคืขื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึธืฐืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืกื•ื–ืฉืขื˜; ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื•ื™ ื ืคื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก 
ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง. ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืขืœืŸ ืฐืขืจืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื‘. ืžื™ืœืขืจืก 
ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,ืคึผืขืจืœ ื ื•ื™ืขื›ืก", ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืจ ืžืืžืขืฉ 
ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜; ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืœืก ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื–, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืื˜ื™ืฉ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืกืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜. 
ืจื™ื™ืฉื™ืก-ื›ืึธื›ืžืข, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื•ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืœืึธืฉืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืžื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ? ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื–ื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืข ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคืจืื’ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ,ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื ืื˜ืืŸ 
ื–ืื‘ืืจืขืก ืื ื˜ื™ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ , ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜". ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขืจืง ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื–, ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. 
ืื•ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ืžื™ืš ื‘ืืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืจื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜. 
ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืžืื ืก ,ืขืจืขื•ื•"ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ืจื™ืขืก ,ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“". ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ, ืื– 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ืื›ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืก , ื™ื™ึดื›ืขืก". ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื•ื•ืจืึธื ืงืื”ืืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ืฆื•ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ืคึผืื˜ืจื™ึธืืจื›ืืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. 
ื™ืขื›ื™ึดืขืœ ืคืืœื™ืงืžืืŸ (ืงื™ืขื•). ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืืจืฉ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืœืื ื’, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. 
ืื ื•ืžืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ึดืขื•ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืกื˜ืจืืœื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื“ื ืื•ืึธื˜ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ืึนืฃ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™- 


ื™ื“ืฉ 4 


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, 


ื‘ืขืจ. ืืฃ ื ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืข, ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ึดืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืื•ื•ืกื˜ืจืืœื™ืข, ื ืœืื ื“ ื ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ืขื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืขืœืฃ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื ืฆืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ึดืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืจืขืš ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืื ื“, ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ --ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืฆื˜, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ื™- 
ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื›ื˜- 
ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืจื™ื-ื›ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื™ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขื ืงื˜, ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืงืกืœ- 
ื‘ื-ืืงืกืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืื ื“, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืืฐืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื ืœืื ื“, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, -- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื•ื™ืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืจื•ืฃ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื›ืจืฒึทืขืก. 

ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 0 ื”ืขืœื“, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ. ืฐื•ึผ 
ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื ื–ื•ื›ืŸ? ืื™ืš ื–ื•ืš ื“ืขื ื”ืข 
ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ ื˜ืืœ 5 ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืข ื™ึดื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื 
ืื•ื™ืก, ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื. ื ื ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ึผื - 
ื“ืขืจื˜, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜, ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ื 

ืฐื•ึผ ื–ืฉืข ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“, ื“ืขื, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ 


ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ? ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืื ื“. ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 


ื•ืžืขืœื˜ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“, ืจืฆ 
=ื˜ 


ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. 


ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืฉื ืข 


ื ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืค ื–ื™ืš ืึธื›ึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืืฃ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข -- ืืฃ ื“ืขื” ืคืจืื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ื• ื“ืข ืฉืคืจืืš 


ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื ื˜ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš 


ื•ืขื• ืฆื’ืŸ ! 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืื–ืฉืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉ ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืืฃ ื 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ,ืžืึธื ืขืคืฉืขืš", ,ืœื•ื™-ื™ื•ืฆืœืขืš". ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 


ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืœ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืื›ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ื– ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืœืขืš ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจืกืึธ- 


ื ืื–ืฉ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื™ 
ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื™ึธื“, ืื™ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืžืขืก 8 ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืข 


2 


ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ. ืžื™ืจ 
ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืื–ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืคืึธื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื™ืข ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœ ื”ืขืจ + 
ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ืคื™ืœ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืึธืงื˜ืฑืจื™ื, 
ืจ ื™ืงื‘ืขื˜ืคืจ. ืื•ื‘ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜, ืžื•ื– 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืข? ืืฑืกื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ. 

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืืฑื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืจื›ืื™ืฉืข, ื“ืึธืก, ืฐื•ืึธืก ืคืืจื˜ื•ื ืงืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒืขื ืขืจ ืฉืขืฆื˜ 
ืื™ื ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฒึทืคืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. 


ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืขื ืืจืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืงืึธืœืขื’ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืคืœืืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ 1965 ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ืคึผืœืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกืœืึธื–ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืืคืŸ 1966. ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืœื•ืก-ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– 
ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ,, ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก. 


ื”ื™'ืจืฉ ืึทืฉืขืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืฉ 


ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข... 


ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื ืงืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ื’ื™ืจื™ืงืขืจ ืžืืจืš, 

ื‘ืืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื ืข. 

ื“ื• ืฉืœืขืคึผืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืืœืฅ ืึธืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜, 

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื–ื•ื›ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง 

ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืืจืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืืจืฒื™ึทื ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ.. 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืฃ? ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš? 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™, 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ;ืืจื‘ืขื˜"? 

ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ึทืŸ ืฉืจืขืง -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื“ ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืึธืคื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื˜ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ. 


ื›ืืคึผ ืื•ืฃ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, -- 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. 

ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜? 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื™ืฆืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื... 


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0 ื™ื™ ื™ื™ ื™ื™ ืื˜ 


ืงื™ืจ ืขื ืื•ื” ื”ื• 


ื™ืึธ, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ื ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ: 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืกืงืืœืคืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืื ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื“ื™ืจ -- 
ืคืืจืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ื’. 
:ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจื˜, 
ื’ืขื™ืึธืžืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ;ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืœืึธื–ื˜!--- 
ื™ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ!" 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื˜ืฉืขื˜, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืžื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขืš ื’ืขืœืื›ื˜... 
-ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื›ืึธืœืขื ื ืึธืจ, 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืื˜ -- 
ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจื“ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืงืืœืคึผืœ... 
ืฐืึธืœื˜, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜, 
ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื ืึธืš --- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆืขืจื˜ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืจื•, 
| ื™ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก ื ื˜ืจืึธื˜, 
:ืฉืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื™ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ืืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ... 
ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืกื˜ื• ืื–ื•ื™? ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ืœื™ืข ื ื™ ืš ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ! 
ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜? ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 
ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ... 
ื•ึน ื“ื™ ืคืืจื›ืืœืขืฉืฉืกื˜ืข ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜. ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ืื›ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขืš ืฉื™ืฆื˜. 
| ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืื“, ื“ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืขื ืง 
'ื“ืขื ื’ืื ื’ ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืขื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึธืฃ. 
ื•ื‚ ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคืืœืฉ! ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ. 
ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื•ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ --- ืžืข ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื”ืขืจ! 
ื•ึน ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืจืขื’ืข ืฆื• ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, 
ื•ึน ื ืึธืจ ื›'ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜; 
ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืžื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜! ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ื•ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื•ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•, 
|- ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืึธืจืš ืžื•ื–ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ื’ืขืคืืจ, ืื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืคืืจืคืืœืŸ... 
1 ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ืžืขื’ืกื˜ื• ืื ื“ืจื™ืžืœื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ. 
2 ื™ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ -- ื“ื• ื“ืจื™ืžืœืกื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ --- 
(, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืฐื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื“ืจื™ื ื’ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ื‘ืื–ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš. 
ื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ื•ื• ืกื™ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืงืฒึทื˜ ืคึผืœืืฆื˜ .-- 
|| ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืฆืขืคืืœื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ. 
ืŸ โ€ ื™ื’ืขืžืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืข, ืจื™ืฉืขืก. ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ! 
ื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ืึธืš, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ ืš, ืคืืจืืŸ 
/ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ -- ืฆืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื ืคืืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ. 
ืŸ 


ื™ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืื™ืš... 
ื’ืขืžืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืข, ืจื™ืฉืขืก. ืžื™ืจ... 
ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืื–ื ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืขื ืข, ืื–ื-ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข, ืฉื˜ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜, 
:ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื‘ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืคืจืขืžื“. 
:ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจืขื-ืงืจื™ื™ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืฉืขืฆืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ ืžืขืจ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ืจ! 
0 ื™ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸื™ 
ื•ึด ื“ื™ ื’ึผืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืืฒึทืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ! 
ื•ึฐ 'ืื™ืš ื“ืขืง ื“ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš. 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜... 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืื›ื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืžืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืืœืข ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ... 
ื™ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืข. ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึท, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ! 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ื ื”ืืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืš ืคืืจื“ืขืง. 
ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจื“ืขืงืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ื•ื ื’. 
ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ื’. 


1 ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจืขื-ืงืจืฒืฅ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื‘ืขืจ -- ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก. 


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ื ืึธืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ-ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ืื–ื, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ, 

ืฐื•ืึธืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื–, ื’ืขื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืืคื˜. 

ื’ืขืžืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ื›ื•ืฆืคืข, ืจื™ืฉืขืก. ืข ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื–ื. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. 
ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ: ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืข ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ ืข ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืง! 

ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ืื™ืš ื“ืขืง ืื™ื ืืฒึทืŸ-- 

ื™ื›ื™ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืจืขืžื“ ืื•ื™ื’. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘, 

ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜: ื™ืึธืจื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื–ื•ืš ืื–ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ... 
ืจื™ืฉืขืก. ื ื“ืื ืง ื“ื™ืจ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ, ืคืืจ ื“ืฒื™ึทืŸ ื’ืขื ืึธื“! 
ื’ืขืžืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื’ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ---ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ ื–ื•ืš. 
ื›ื•ืฆืคืข. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ืฒื™ื˜ืฐืฒืœื™ืง ืื™ื–, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜. 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื™ื•ื™ืจืขืฉื˜ืข ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธืคื˜ 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš? 

ื™ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™, ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ืžืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, 

ื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืื™ื– 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืืœืŸ-ืกื ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ึทื ื˜ืก ืคึผืจืึธื–ืฉืขืงื˜ืึธืจ? 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’! ืคืืจืœื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ื•. ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื• ื“ืืจืคืกื˜! 

ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืก'ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื–ืฉื•ืงืœ ืื™ื ืขื ืคืขืœื“. ืฉืฉืฉ!.. ืฉืฉืฉ!.. 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜. ืื  ืื  ื”ืชื ื”ื ื•ืข ืื™ ื•ื  ื˜ืขื  ืืœ ืขื™ 

ืจื™ืฉืขืก. ืื™ึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฆื•ืงืึธืคึผื ืก, 

ื›ื•ืฆืคืข. ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืš, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืš, 

ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš. 

ื’ืขืžืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. ื›'ื˜ืจืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ืข. 

ืื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. 

ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ.., : 

ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ื›ื•ืฆืคืข, ืจื™ืฉืขืก. ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืฐื•ื•ึผ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ื“ืืš, 

ืฆื™ ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืกื›ืืš, ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืžื™ืจ --- ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจื ื•ื•ืืš. 

ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื. 

ืคื™ืจ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, ืคื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ -- ืืจื•ื, ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง --- ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื. 
ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืฆืขื‘ื™ื™ืœื˜, ืฆืขืงืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ --- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืจืื ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ 

ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจื•. 

ื›ื•ืฆืคืข. ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืœืขืจื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื›ืฒึทืขืก! 
ืจื™ืฉืขืก. ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ --- 

ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ... 

ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืžืขื’ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ืขื ืขืžืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืคืืจื›ืืœืขืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜. ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉื˜ืืจืงื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ! : 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื–ื ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 

ืืคื™ืœืข ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืข, ืจื™ืฉืขืก! 

ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ื– ืื–ื ืื•ืžื–ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜... 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ืกื˜, ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ! ืก'ื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืงื˜ ืื–ื ืฆื•ืคืืœ! 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืก (ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ืœื), 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ --- ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข ืกื˜ื™ืจืข: 

ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืœื, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข -- ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’. 

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ --- ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืงื•ืคืข, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ --- ื˜ืงื•ืคืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜... 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’? ' 

ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ื™ืึธ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืฑื™ืจื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’, 


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ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ ื ื™ื˜! 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ื. ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืข?ื™.. 
ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ? 

ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืื”ื™ื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš? ื™' 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’! ื ืคืจืื’ืข ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจื ืงืฒื™ึทื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜, ื‘ืื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื•ื– ื ืึธืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืก. 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืก ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ. ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ ืื™ื– ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ. 
ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜?. 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืฉื˜ื™ื. ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืข? 
ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜? 

ื›ืืจืึธื˜ืข. ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ: 

ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก! ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืืฃ ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ? 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜, ืื– ื“ื• ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืกื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงื ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ. 

ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง! ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš. 

ื›ืืจืึธื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืึธืคื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ืคืืจื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ืข ื’ืขืžืฒื ื”ืฒึทื˜... 

ื›ืืจืึทื˜ืข. ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš? 

ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืื– ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืœืื ื’. ื ืจืขื’ืข ื ืึธืš --- ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“. 

ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ื–ื•ื•ึผ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ืŸ? 

ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืขืงืึธืžืขื’ื™ืจื™ืง ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจื‘ืึธื ืขืก?.. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื•ืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆืืจ! ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืืจ. 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื˜. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืจื•. 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืจื• 

ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื  ืึธืš ืื–ื ื–ืืš, ืฐืึธืก, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจื•, ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืœืฉ ื–ืฒึทืŸ... 
ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืื™ืš ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜. ื›'ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืงืฒื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ -- 

ื›'ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜! 

ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื“ืึธืš ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฒึทืขืจ. 

ืื™ืš -- ืฉื˜ืึธื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืš --- ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜, 

ืื™ืš -- ืžืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื™ืš --- ืคื™ืœืึธื–ืึธืฃ, 

ืื™ืš --- ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ, 

ืžื•ื– ื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื–ืื ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืืœ, 

ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืืจืื’ืฐืฒึทืขืจ ืคึผืืกื˜ืขืš... 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ! ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืžืขืฅ ืื”ืขืจ... 

ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืขืžืขืฅ? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ,ืขืžืขืฅ"? 
ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขื ืคึผืขื ืขืžื“ื™ืง ืขืจ ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื ืคืืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ-- 

ืคืืจ ื“ืขื, ืคืืจ ื™ืขื ืขื, ืคืืจ ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ, ืฆืขื ื˜ืŸ.. 

ืคืืจ ืข ืžืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืขืงืŸ ืžื•ื˜! 

ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื›'ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 
ืฆื™ื ื™ื–ื. ืœื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื˜, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข! ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื™ืฃ! 

ืคึผืืจืื’ืฐืฒึทืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ-ื‘ื™ืจ ื–ื•ื™ืฃ! 

ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ืจ? 

ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข, ื–ื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืจ... 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื˜'ื“ื™ืš ื›ืืคึผืŸ? ื•ื•ืขืจ ืง ืขืŸ ื›ืืคึผืŸ! 

ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืืš, ืฉืื›ื˜, ืคืึธืŸ ืคึผืืคึผืขืŸ. 

ืขืก ืื ื˜ื”ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื ืขื 

ืจืึธืฆื›ื™ื, ืงื•ื™ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืœื™ืึธื ื™ื. 

ืœื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื˜, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข! ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื™ืฃ! 

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜ ืฆืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื•... 

ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื™ื™ืง ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ ืฆื• ืฆืึธืœืŸ... 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื•ื•ืœ. ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ื“ื™ืš ;ืึธืฉืฐืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฒื™ึทืฐืœ?; ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืžืฒึทืกื™ื ืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผ! 


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ืก'ืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒืฒึทืฐืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขื ืขื, ืคื™ืจื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ืกืข ื–ื™ื ื“. 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฉืขื“ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงืŸ ื ืคึผื™ืฆืœ ืงื™ื ื“? 

ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“, ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ -- ืžืข ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš! ืœื™ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืคึผ --- 
ืฉืจืฒึท, ืื– ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœ, ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืคืœืขืง ืืจืึธืคึผ! 

ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจ... 
ืฉืจืฒึท, ืื– ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœ. ืฉืจืฒึท, ืฆื• ืืœื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืข ื™ืึธืจ! 

ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขื’ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸื™.- 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ืึธ, ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข-- ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืžืืœื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืึธื“ืขื ืข ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื‘ืŸ. -- 
ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜? 

ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคืืจื“ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜, 

ื•ื™ ื ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ืœืื ืฆืขื˜! 

ื’ืขืฉืขื ื“ืขื˜ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืขืจืœื™ืš, ืงืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืื•ื•ืœืึธื•ื•, 

ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื”ื™ืคึผืึธืงืจืื˜ืขืกืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฒื™ื˜ืŸ... 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืงืœืึธืืงื™ืฉืข ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข! 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. ืฉืคืขื˜... ืฉืคึผืขื˜... ืฉืคึผืขื˜... 

ื“ื™ ืœืขืฐืึธื ืข --- ื ืœืื ืฆืขื˜ -- 

ืก'ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืฆืขืฉื ืฒึทื“ื˜. 

ืจื• ืื™ื– ืคืจืขืžื“... ื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ื– ืฐืฒึทื˜... 

ืžืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืึธื–ืึธืฃ, 

ื•ื™ ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืœืื ื“--- 

ืึธืŸ ื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืื ื“, 

ืึธื˜ -- ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืœืืฅ, ืึธื˜ --- ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืœ, 

ื”ื•ืจืŸ-ื•ื•ืขืœื˜!.. ืงืืคืืงืืœ!.. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื•ื•ืœ. ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข! ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธื’! 

ืจื•ื™ึดืง ืžืื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’. 

ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ืžื’ื•ื˜ ืึธืŸ, 

ื”ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืืœืคืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืŸ:. 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ืœื™ื’, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข! ืœื™ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื”ืืœื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื, 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืœืื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืงื™ื ื“ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืฑื’ืŸ. 

ืก'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ: ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืงื™ื ื“ 

ืื™ื– ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื‘ืข. 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืงื™ื ื“--- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? 

ืื•ื•ืขืง! ืื•ื•ืขืง, ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืื›ื–ืึธืจื™ืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ! 

ื’ืขืžืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ ื“ืขื ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ, ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข! 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืก ื–ื™ืงืึทืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืื–ื-ืึธ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ? 
ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืงืœืขืคึผื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื ื™ื™. 

ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื•, ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš: ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆื˜ ืคืขื ืึธืœ, ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืกืงืืœืคึผืœ.-- 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ื’ื•ืคืขืœืขืš ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง... 

ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืœืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 

(ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉืžืืง ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ,ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜"...) 

ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ื ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืก, ื ืœื™ื‘ืก --- ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจืœ ื‘ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืœื“ืข... 
ืคืืจืงืœืขืžื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜, 

ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจืขื; 

ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืึธืš --- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, 

ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืขืก ื ื›ืืคึผ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฆื•ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆืขืจื˜ืœืขืŸ.. 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืœื“ ื‘ืืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ -- 

ื ืคืœื™ื ืงืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืขืจ ืื›ื–ืึธืจื™ืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ืงืœืขืคึผ, 
ืื– ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื... 

;ืคื™ืจื˜ ืขืก ืืจื•ื™ืก!.. ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ!" -- ื’ืขืจื™ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ... 
ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ื›'ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื™ืึธ, ื›ื™ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง. ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืงื ืืคึผ. ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ! 


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ื“ื• ื”ืขืจืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜? ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื”ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™-- 
ื“ื™ ืคืจืขื›ืข ืคืขืœืฉื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืœื“ืขืŸ. 

ื–ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ. 

ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข. ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืžื™ืš ื–ื•ื›ื˜? 

ื–ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš, ืฆื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ, 

ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืžืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜? 

ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, 

ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืืœืข ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. ื“ื• ื”ืขืจืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜? ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืข. 

ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืฃ! ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš. ื ืขืงืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืืจืคืข ืจื™ืข! 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ืขืก ืงืจืขื›ืฆืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืก'ื›ืืœืขืฉืŸ ืคืœื™ึดืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ --- 
ืขืžืขืฅ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. 

ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ ื›ืืœืื˜, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ... 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ื“ืจืืคึผืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืขืก ืžืขืจื™ื“ื™ืื ืขืŸ -- 
ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืื›ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื. 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืฒื™ึท ื ืึธืš, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขืŸ... 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืคืืจืืŸ ืฐื•ื•ึผ ืืŸ ืืฑื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 

ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืขืจ ืืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืŸ: 


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,ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข?!.* 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. ื’ื™ื™, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ื’ื™ ื’ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืคืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขื ื“ื˜ ืื™ ื“ืึธืก ืœืฒึทื‘, ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜, 

ืฉืขืคึผ ืืจื•ืฃ ืืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืคืขืœืข ืืฉ -- 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’... 
ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืืŸ ืืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœืข ืคื™ืจ ื™ืึธืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื˜'ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ ื›ืฉืื“. 

ืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ืืคึผื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœืขื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืืœืื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ื•ื™ ื ืงื™ื ื“ ืคืืจ ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ... 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืืœืฅ ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืฐื•ึผ ืืœืฅ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื™ืขื˜ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืืจื˜ ื ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ื”ืืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืฒึทืคืขืœืข ืืฉ -- 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’... 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืืคืŸ ืขืจื“ืงืฒึทืœืขืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’. 
ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื ืื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜: 

ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข? ืคืืจืฐืึธืก 

ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื ื”ื•ื™ื–, 

ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืคืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืืฃ ื’ืจืึธื– 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก? 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ? 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ: 

,ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืžื™ึทืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืขืœ?ื•.* 
ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืก ืคืจืขืกื˜ ื“ื™ืš, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ. 

ืขืก ืคืจืขืกื˜ ื“ื™ืš, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ืขืก ืคืจืขืกื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš -- ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฒึท'ืš, 

ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ืข ืฉืจืขืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืข ืคื™ืก. 

ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ื–ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜... 


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ื ืขืงืึธืžืข. ืืฆื™ื ื“ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ืคืืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ --- 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื˜ื ืฉื˜ื™ืคืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“.. 

ืึธ, ื’ื™ืคื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืกืืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืฐืึธืžืขืŸ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ? 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ; 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืึธืœ, --ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ. 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื ืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืขืก ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ืืฉ. 

ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื–. ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื ื“ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื? 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’ ืก'ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ... 
ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข -- ืงืื™ืŸ, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข --- ืคึผืืจืข, 

ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข --- ื”ืึธืžืึธืŸ, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข-- ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืขื•! 

ื ืขืงืึธืžืข. ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข, ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, โ€ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื• ืœืขื‘ืกื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืงื ื™ืคึผืกื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขืคึผืœืืฆื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜. 

ืฉืœืขืคึผืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ 

ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืขืก -- 

ืฐื•ึผ ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื ื ืื›ื˜. 

ืื™ื™ืžืข ืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ -- 

ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ. ื”ื™ื˜ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทื ืก, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ืขืก ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ... 

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืฒึทื–. 

ืฆืึธืœืŸ ืžื•ื–ื˜ื•! ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืฆืึธืœืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ. 

ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 

ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืืœืฅ ื ืึธืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืก ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ. ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก, ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืืžืขืŸ, 
ื–ืขื˜, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื–ืืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืฉ, 
ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืฉืขื–ืฉื™ื ืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ! 
ื›ืžืืจืข, ื›ืžืืจืข, ืงื•ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจ: ืืฉ-ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ... 
ืจื•ื™ืš, ืจื•ื™ืš, ืจื•ื™ืš... 

ืจื•ื™ืš --- ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื“ืึธืจ! 

ืจื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืœืืฉ, 

ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืืคึผื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขื ื’ืขืœืข... 

ื’ืื–ืœืขืŸ -- ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ื›ืฒึทืข --- ืคื™ืœืึธื–ืึธืฃ... 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, 

ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืง. 

ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 

ืื– ืคืืจืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื”ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, 

ื–ืฒึท ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ 

ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜! 

ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก 

ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ 

ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื›ืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืœืข ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ, 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืœืข ื”ืขืœืกื˜ืข ื‘ืจืึธื›ืขืก 

ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืœืข: 


23 


,ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜!* 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืืœืข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก, 
ืืœืข ืฐืฒึทืกืข ื–ืื•ื•ืขืจื•ื›ืขืก, 

ืืœืข ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืงื™ึทืขืก 
ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืคึผืกืืง. 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ืก'ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืคืœืขืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืคืœืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงื™ื™ืคืœืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ: 
,ืงื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืงื’ืืคึผ!? 
ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜! 
ื–ื•ื™ืงืœ ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ืžืืจืข, 
ื–ืึธืœ ืฆืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ, 
ืœืึธื– ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐื•ึผืœืงืืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜, 
ืงื•ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจืื˜ืขืจ, 
ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืš ื ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืœืŸ. 
ืงืึธืœื–ืžืืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืฐื•ืฆื˜ ืคืฒึทืขืจ, 
ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืจืขืฆื™ื›ืขืก ืืฉ! 

ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜! 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื–ื, ื•ื™ ื“ื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขืจ! 
ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ ืžืขืจ! 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ, 
ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืจืŸ, 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฐืึธืœืข 
ืืœืข ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืžืึธืœืข! 

ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜! 


ื›ืื™ึทื ืžืขืœืื•ืžื•ื“ 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฒ? 


ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก 1 
ืžืึธืœ ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื›ืœื™ื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฑืกื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืข ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื‘ื ืคื™ืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ 
ืคืืจืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ. 

ืฉืึธืœืขื, ืฉืึธืœืขื, ืฉืึธืœืขื! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•ื•. 

ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืข ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคื™ืฆืขืจืŸ, ื’ืขื–ื•ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืœืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืึธื ืขืŸ, ืืฃ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงืขื ื˜. ืื™ื– ืคืืจ- 
ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื ,ืœืขื›ืื™ึดื? ืœืขืงืึธืฐืขื“ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื’, ืœืขืงืึธืฐืขื“ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืœืขื... 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื ืฉืฐื•ื™ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืฉืขืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœืขื–ืœ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื‘ืืฆืึธืจื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื•. 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืืคื’ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ-ื˜ืจืขืคึผืœืขืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื- 
ื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ. ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืจืขืžื“, ืื– ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืึธืคึผ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื ื”ืืœื‘-ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืื ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ืคืข ืฆื™ื’ืœ, ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, 
ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ื›ื•ืจื•ื•ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืื ื’ืŸ 
ื–ื•ืขื’. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืึธืงื–ืืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ -- 
ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข ืกื ืึธืคึผืขืก ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ-ืฉื˜ืจืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจืœ, -- 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืฉืขืจื‘ืขื˜ืข ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืžื•ืจืขื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืœืขืš ื‘ืืฐืฒื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆืขืงืืœื™ืข- 
ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ, 

;ื™ืึธ, ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ..." -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ 
ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ืกืฒึท ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, 


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ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื•ืขื’, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืื™ืžืคึผืขื˜, ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื˜ืึธืจืก. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืืš ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื ื˜ืฑื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื ืฆืขืคืืกืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคืข ืงืืจื‘ืŸ, ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื˜ืข ื”ืจื•ื“ืขืก. ื ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ 
ืคื•ืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืื ืฆื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆืขืงืืจื“ืืฉืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืจื˜ืข 
ืจืขื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืจื™ืคืขื˜, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืงื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื–ืฉืืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืงืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืกืึธืคึผืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืึธื’ืขืจื˜ืข, ืคืืจืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืคืขืจื“ืœืขืš. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื”ืืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืงื˜. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ื•ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึธืกืึธื˜, ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืขื“ื™ืง ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง-ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืฉื˜ืขื›ืœืงืขืก. 

ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืœืฅ; 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืฆื˜, ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืคืกื ืฒึท 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืœืขืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื›ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ 
ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ืข ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืข ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืกื˜ืขืค. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืจืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜. 

ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืžื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืง 
ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜, ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขื ืข ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆืขืจื•ื“ืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง, ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ, ืขืก 
ืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื. ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก ื“ืขื ืจื•ืงื–ืืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ื‘ืื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ, ื˜ืืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ืฐื•ื™ ืืฃ ื ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืืœ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื ื‘ื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืงื•ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืจื™ืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื˜ืจื™ืฉื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืขื ื’ืœืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ ืžื™ืœืš. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืงืœืขืคึผื™ืงืŸ ื–ืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืงืข ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืจื™ื™ืขืš. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ืฉ ื ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืืคื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืคื™ืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืจื•ื™ึดืง ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจ. 

ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ, ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืœืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืฒึทื ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’, ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึธืŸ ,ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ 
ื’ืœื™ืง", ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ืงืจื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืื ืงืขืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ืืœืŸ. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืืจื•ืฑื™ืกืฐืฒื™ึทื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ืื’ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื–ืงืขืจ-ืฆืขื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืจื•ื. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ื•ืฐื•ืขืžืขืก ื”ืขืœื“ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜!.. ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ื•ื™ื•, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืกืืžืข ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืขื ืฆืขื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ.. ืคืืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง, ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืืฑืกืคึผืจื•ึผื•; ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ 
ืœืขื‘ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืกื™ืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืข ืžืฒึทืกืข. 

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ืืฆื™ืข? ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ... ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ? ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืื–ื, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ื ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข, 
ื ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืข. ื ืคืจื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื ืคืจื•ื™. 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ. ื ืึธืจ ืื– ื“ืจ 
ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง... 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜, ืฆืขื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜. 

--- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜... ืฆื™ ื ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืข, ืฆื™ ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข... 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืขืคึผื™ืฉ, ืื– ืขืจื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ: ืคืจื™ื™ื“.. 


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ื’ืื“ืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง. ื ืฉืจืขืง ืืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง: ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ึตื™ื™ -- ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆืฒื™ึทื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื? 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื‘ื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 

--- ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืข... 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ืขืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ื•ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, -- ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก. 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก... 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื ืกืึธื“. ืื•ื™ื‘... ืื•ื‘ ื–ื™ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, ืื™ื– -- ื ื–ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ? ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืงื–ืืง ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื ืคื™ืจื™ืึธืจื™ืง ืงื™ื ื“: ืคืืจ ื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, 
ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืก. ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจืœ ื•ื•ืขืฉ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ. ื‘ืืœื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื“ืขื ืงืึธืœื•ื•ื™ืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ื‘ืืœื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืืฃ ืืœืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืขืคืฉืขืจืก. 

ืฆื•ื ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื, ืื– 
ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’, ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื ื•ื™ืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ืงื•ื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืคืŸ 
ื‘ืืจื’. ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื ืคื™ื ืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ?ืœ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ... 
ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ -- ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืคื™ื™ึทืขืจืœ. 


ื ืคืืจืคืœืืžื˜ืข ืœืขืฐืึธื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ืงื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื›ื™- 2 
ื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื‘ืืœื“ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจืึธืคึผืคืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืžื- 
ื–ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืง, ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืคืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืกืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ืจืขืคืข ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืจืคืงืข ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืืจืคืข ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืจื™ ืฆืฒื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขื ืคึผื™ืจื™ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœืขืคืขืจืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ. 
ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืืจืคืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืึธืคืขื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืึธืŸ ืื•ืคื”ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ืงืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืขืจ. ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžื•ืคื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืจื•- 
ื“ืขืจื˜ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืคืืจื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื 
ืคืืจืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฃ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ื™ื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ืืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜. ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ -- ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ... 

ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ! ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคึผืœืขืคื˜, ืื– ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ื™ืึธ, ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืก ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฅ- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขืฉื•ื ืขื“ื™ืง ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ... 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ืฐื™ ื ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ืœืึธื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืจื’ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื ืคืืจื›ืืœืขืฉื˜ืข. 

ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืจืœ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ื™ื™ืขื˜? ื™ืึธ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ืœื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจืงืข. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจืงืข? ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื 
ื’ืœืึธื– ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืš 
ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก, ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆืขืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื™ืึธืžืขืจื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ? 

--- ื“ืจื™ ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ. 

-- ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ืึธืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. 


27 


ื• 
ื• 


-- ื ื• ื™ืึธ. ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืื ื•ื•ืืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง. 


ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜. 
-- ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


ืขืจื“. -- ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข. 


-- ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข, ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜. 
--- ื™ืึธ, ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜,. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜... ื›'ืจืขื“ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืคึผืงืขืœืข, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืขืจืœ?.. 

-- ื‘ืขืจืœ... ืืš, ื™ืึธ, ื‘ืขืจืœ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜... ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื“ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื™ 
ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘... 

ื ืึธืจ ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ืกืึธืคืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ืงื•ื ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืงืขืจืœ. ืฐื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ? 

ืฆื•ื ืืœืงืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฉืคึผืืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืžืื›ืŸ. ื“ืขื 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ืืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื™ืง ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ืœื™ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื, ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืคืืœืŸ. 

-- ื–ืขืกื˜? -- ื”ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ืฆื•ืคื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื˜ืœ. -- ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ 
ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืงืฉื ื˜ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. 

ื™ืึธ. ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืื™ื ื’ืขื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“. ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืขื ืขืžืœ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืœื™ืืงืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ื‘ืจืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข, ืฐืฒึทืกืข ื”ืขืจืขืœืขืš, ืฆืขืฉืึธื˜ืขื ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืฑื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ, ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื ื–ืฉืžืขื ืงืขืœืข ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื”ืขืจืขืœืขืš. ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ื“ื™ึดื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฆืืคึผืœืขืŸ, ืขื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข. 

-- ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ.. -- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืืคึผื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขื ืก ื‘ืœื™ืง. 

-- ืฉืฉืฉ, -- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืžืืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. -- ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ. 

--- ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืก ืคืขื ืขืžืœ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื ื ืฒึทื™ืขื, ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ. 

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื•ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ? ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื’ืจืึธื“ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื–ื™ืฆืŸ 
ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืื•ืค- 
ื›ืืคึผืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ื•ืœื™ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš. ื ืึธืจ... ื‘ืืœื“ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืืจื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ. 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจืงืข. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจืงืข? 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคืจืขื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ, ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžืขื›ื™ืœืข. ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. 
ื ืึธืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ 
ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืืฃ ืื™ื, ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืขื ืœืขืš. ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืงื–ืืง ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ืคึผืขืงืขืœืข. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฆื™ ื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืข, ืฆื™ ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš 
ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข. ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฆื•ื ื™ืฅ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

--- ืื•ื•ืื“ืข, ืื•ื•ืื“ืข! -- ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฆืขืงื ื™ืคึผืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธ- 
ืฉืขื˜ืข ืงื ื™ืคึผืขืœืข. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืขืก ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ. --- ืื•ื™, ืื•ื™, ืกืืจื ืคื™ื™ื ืข 
ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืœืขืš! ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืื ืฆืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืžืื˜ืึธื ืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜. ืืš, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉืฐื•ืฒื™ื’ืกื˜ื•? ื–ืึธื’ ืขืคึผืขืก, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ! 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืืคืŸ ืืงืกืœ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืœื‘-ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข ืจื•ืงื–ืขืงืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. 

--- ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ! 


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--- ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ? 

-- ื–ืืœืžืขืฃ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื›ืฆื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. -- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ 
ื ื’ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืœืš, ืคืจื™ืฉืข, ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืข ืžื™ืœืš! 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผืœืขืคื˜. ืขื ื“- 
ืœืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืืฃ ืืœืฅ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ: ,ื ื’ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืœืš, ืคืจื™- 
ืฉืข, ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืข ืžื™ืœืš...* 

ืืš, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ!.. 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉืฑืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜, ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื ืกืืš ื‘ืืงืขื ื˜ืข ืคึผืขื ืข- 
ืžืขืจ: ื“ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคึผืื ืืก, ื‘ื ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืข ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื’- 
ื’ืขืฉืจื•ืžืคืขื ืขื ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืึธืจื™ืกื™ืข, 
ืกื™ืžืข ื“ื™ ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืœื™ื›ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜, ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ืฉืžืึธืœืข ื’ืฑื™ื“ืขืจืœ, ื“ื™ ื”ืืœื‘-ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ื˜ืึธื“ืึธ- 
ืจื™ื›ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืงืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืื•ื™ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืืกื˜. ืืฒื ื™ืงืข ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืขื ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ื•- 
ืžืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก: ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืขืจื˜, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืžื ืืกื˜ื™ืึธืจืงืข ืื–ื ืืœื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธืจื“ืขื ืก... ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืกืขืงื•ื - 
ื“ืขืก. ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ื ืืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืงื•ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. 

-- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืื ืืก. 

-- ื–ืืœืžืขื ืงืข, ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ 


ืคึผืื ืืกื™ื›ืข. 
-- ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ? ืกื™ืžืข ื“ื™ ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืœื™ื›ืข. ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืขืฉ.. ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืœื™ื™ื‘ืขืฉ. 
--- ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข. 


ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืจืขื’ืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ? ืฐืึธื“ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ? 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืงืืคึผืขืœื™ื•ืฉื ื™ืง, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. 

--- ืฉืึธืœืขื ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ืžืขื›ืฒึทืข ืžื™ื™ืกื™ื. ืฐืึธื“ืขืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ? ืฐืึธืก 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš? ื ื“ืืžืกืงืข ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ! ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ. 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืœื“ ืžืื›ืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜. ืื ื•, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงืขื’ืŸ? 
ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืง! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•? ืืฃ ืคึผื- 
ื ืืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ? ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก. 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืคืืจืฐืฒึทืœืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจ, ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ,ืืฒึทื’ืฉืคึผื- 


29 


ืŸ 
ื• 
ื• 
ื• 
ื• 


ื ืขืŸ" ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืžืขืกืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื’- 
ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืžืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืขืคืขืก ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืืกื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ -- ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืคืืจ ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ -- ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืขื ืœืขื›ืก ืืฃ ื 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืคืจืื’ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื 
ืคืœื™ื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ื–ืขืฆืœืขื›ืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก: 

-- ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ! 

-- ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ! 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืคืจืื’ืข, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ! 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืคืจืื’ืข. ื•ื•ื• ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ? 

ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขื ืก ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคืืจ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ: 

-- ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ. ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืื ืฆืขืœื™ืืจื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืขืจืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ื ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืกืึธืจื’. ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ืึธืจืข ืื•ื™ืš.. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื: 

-- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ 


ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืฃ ื ืฉืžืึธืœ ืกืึธืคืงืขืœืข, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆ- 
ื˜ืขืจืœ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืœืืžื˜ืขืจ ืœืขืฐืึธื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืื“ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืืจื•ืฃ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืข ื ึดืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืื–ื, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืขื• ืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื, ืฐื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื›ืึธืœืขื, ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ, ืคืืจืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื›ืึธืœืขื, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 


ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืขื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืฉืึธืœืขื ืงืืžืฆืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื™ืื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืืŸ ืึธืจืขืž 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธ 
ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื ื•ืฅ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืืจื˜ืŸ ื ืขืคืขืฉ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืงืืžืฆืืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืคืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืœืขืฉืขื 

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฒึทืขืš. 

ืฉืึธืœืขื ืงืืžืฆืืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืขื. ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก-- ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื“. ื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืืจืคืงืื - 
ื˜ื™ืงืข, ื•ื™ ื™ื ืึน ; ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืงื˜. ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš: ืจื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืฆื•, ื•ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉื ืฒื™ื“ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื˜. ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื“. 
ื•ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจืื™ืึธืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™. ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜? ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ ืึธืคึผ ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืืจื˜ืข ื ืขืคืขืฉืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, 
ื’ืขื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื 
ื˜ืึธื’ --- ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, -- ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 
ื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคึผืœืขืคื˜. ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ืขืฑื™ 

ืฉืึธืœืขื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ, ืื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืงืืœืข-ืžื•ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืข ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜. ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืคืืจืงื ืืกืŸ ืคืืจ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืŸ ืฆื™ ืืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจื‘ืึธื‘ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ื– 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืฉืึธืœืขื ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ? ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก 
ื‘ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื ื•ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ? 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื ื‘ืœื™ืง 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืฉืึธืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ืงืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืžืึธืœื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืคืืจ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ: 

--- ืกืฒึทื“ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 


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ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืขื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทื‘. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืœืข 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืœืข -- ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืข ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ืข --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ื•ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื–ื ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจืขืฅ, ืฐื™ ื‘ืขืจืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ื“ืจืึธื ื’, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืข ืึธืคึผื ืขื‘ืœื™ืืงืขืฐืขื˜ืข ื‘ืจืขืžืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ? ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืงืึธืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืข- 
ืคืขืœืŸ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ. ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื’ืจืืžืึธื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืœื™ื“. ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืžืข ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ ืžืึธืœ... ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืฒื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฐื™ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™- 
ื ืขืจื ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ... 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคืจืึธืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื• 
ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก: 

-- ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืงื™ืจื“ืข... ื–ื™ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜. ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืกื™ืงืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื™ึดืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ื•ืก. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ืคึผื•ื™ืฉื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจืฒึทืคึผืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑืกื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืงื™ืจื“ืข? ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื‘ื ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืฐืึธืก? ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืคืœ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืฐื•ืขื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ,ื–ื™ืจืงืข" -- ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆืึธืคืŸ, -- ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืจืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืฉื ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืืฑื™ืกืžืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืง 
ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจืขื ืขื ืฉืœื™ืืš. 

ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืคืจืื˜ 
ืžืขืœื“ืŸ? ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืคืขื˜. ื‘ื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก, ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ื“ื•ืจื›ืœืึธื–ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืœืึธ- 
ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืื– ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืคื•ืœืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืคืจืื˜? ื‘ืขืกืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืจื•ืคืŸ ื ืงืึธืžื™ื•ื’ื™ืฉืข ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก. ื™ืึธ, ืืŸ 
ืขืงืกื˜ืจืข ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜... 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืึธ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืก ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืืคืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ. ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืคึผืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจื™ื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆืขื”ื™ืจื–ืฉืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ืคืขืจื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜. 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ื ื”ืืœื‘ืข ืกืงื™ืจื“ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืข ืฐืึธืจืคืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื, ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืขืจื ืขืจ ื–ืฉื™ืœืขื˜ืงืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคื•ืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ืŸ ื–ืืง. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืืจืขื˜, 
ืฐื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืข ืขืจื“, ืึธื ืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื›ืœืข ืงืขืจื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืคื•ื™ืœ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™. ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื ืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื ืขืคึผืœ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฉืžื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜. 
ืฉืึธืœืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื‘ืึธืจื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื‘ืื ืจืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื‘, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืขืœืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ -- ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืœืืžืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืื˜ื ืก 
ื‘ืึธืจื“: ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. 

-- ืขืก ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ื•ื›ืœืข, ืจืขื‘ ืฉืึธืœืขื,--ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื‘. 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ื“ืฒึทื’ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืึธืœืขื ื ื‘ืจื•ื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฅ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ื“ืจื™ื‘ื ืข ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ืื™ื ืขื ืคืืจืืงืฉื ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ. ื• 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜. ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืื–ื“ืข! ืื– ืืœืฅ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื, ืฐืขื˜ 
ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืข ื‘ืึธื‘ืจื™ืงืึธืฐืข ืคึผืืœื˜ืึธ, ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื›ืจืึธืžืขืฐืข ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœืข 
ื›ืึธืœื™ืขืฐืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ -- ื ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ -- ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 
ื’ืจื•ื‘, ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ -- ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืืœืฅ. ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืึธืœืขื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื‘ืœืึธื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ, ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ 


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ืคืืจืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–. ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜. ื ืึธืจ 
ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉืึธืœืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืงื™ืจื“ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก? ื–ืืœืžืขืฃ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืึธืœืขื ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืŸ ื’ืœืขื˜, 
ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืืœื“ื– ืฉืึธืœืขืžืก ื”ืื ื˜. 

--- ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ื“ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื’ืข? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขึท- 
ืฉืขืŸ. -- ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืจื™ึดืข? ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ืขืกืขืจืก? 

--- ื–ื•ื›ื˜, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก, ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืืจืึธืคึผ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคืืจ ืงืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืฉืจืขืง. ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืืจืึธื˜ืข ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. 
ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ืœื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื ืงืืœื˜ืŸ ืืฑื™ื•ืŸ? ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข -- ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื›ืฉืื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืืœื˜ืŸ, ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืฆื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉืžื™ืจื˜, 
ืฐื•ื™ ืืฃ ื˜ืฉืึธืœื ื˜. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืฉืึธืœื ื˜ ืื”ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื•ืงื˜! ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื–ืขืงืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข ืžืขืœ: ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึธืฉืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข 
ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืœ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืคืŸ ืžืืŸ, ืฆื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื”ืขื›ืขื• 
ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ืฐื™ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืข ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื˜ืื ืฆื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืœืขื‘ืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื›ื™ื ื ืกืืš ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ;ื“ื• 
ืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ -- ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื‘ืจื™ืงืึธื• ื•ื•ื ืคึผืืœื˜ืึธ, ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธืžืขืฐื•ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ, ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืข ื‘ืœ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืž 
ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจ 
ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ืงืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 2 ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื– 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

--- ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื•ื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืขืจ. 

ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ื•ื™ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ-ื’ืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื›ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื•ื•ืืจืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื•ืข ืฆื• 
ื‘ืœืขื›ืขื ืข ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ-ืฉื˜ 
ื• 
ื–ื™ 


ืืฒึทื–ื“ืœื™ื›ื˜ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืœืืฆื˜ ืื• 
ืขืจื“. ืื–ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืงืื™ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทื  
ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœ; 8 ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืœืึธื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืขื ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ ืฉืึธืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืคื•ื˜ืขืจื ืขื ื–ืฉื™ืœืขื˜, ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 
ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืื”ื™ื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ = ืกืข ื•ืขื˜ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ : ื ื•ืงื˜, ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ 
ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืฆืขืคึผืืกืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืคืืจืคืœื™ื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ืงื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืงืืœื™ื•ื–ืฉืขืก. 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ื, ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืœืื ื’ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืข- 
ืงืขืจื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืฐืึธื’ืŸ, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆืฑื’ืขื ืข 
ื•ื•ื™ืฉืงืขืก, ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืื˜ืข, ืฆืขื”ื™ืฆื˜ืข ืคืขืจื“. ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ืงืึธืœ: 

-- ื ื•, ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ืจื•ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ื“ื•, ืงืึธืคึผืฉืฐื™ื ื“ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’! ืืœืข ื“ืฒึทื ืข 
ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืจ ืืฑื™ืกืฆืึธืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ: ,ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ ืืฃ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜". 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืฉืึธืœืขื. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ืฐืึธืš ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ 
ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื™ื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื ืืงืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื– 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฉืžืขื ืงืขืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจืคืจืื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท, 
ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ืคืืจืฐืึธืก 
ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ? ืฉืึธืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœื™ืืฆื™ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ืคึผื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜? ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’, 


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ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ,ืงืึธืคึผืฉืฐื™ื ื“ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ื ืึธืš ื ื’ืœื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื 
ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืืฑื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’. 

ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื“ืจื•ื“ืœืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ืขืฆืŸ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื›ืืกืขื ืข. ืืคื™ืœืข 
ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืืกืงืึธืžืข. ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื›ืืกืขื ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงื•ื™ืœืขืจ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืื–ืœืขืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื•ื– ื–ื™ ืึธื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. 

ื ืฐืึธืš ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืืงืŸ. ืืคืฆื•ืœืึธื›ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืึธืœืขื ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืคึผืจืื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื›ืืกืขื ืข, ืื– ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืกืึธื ื™ื ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืคืœืืฆืŸ ืคืืจ ืงื™ื ืข. 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜. ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืจืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืึธื ื™ื, 
ืฐืึธืก. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข 4 ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืืœืฅ ืงืืคึผื•ื™ืจ. ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื”ืืœื‘, ืฉ; ื“ืขื ื• ืจื•ืคื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ืจืฒึทื›ืข ื ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ... ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึทืฉืืคื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ืคืืจ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื• 
ื–ื™ื™ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื -- ื•ื•ื™. ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงื ืืงื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™, ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ื™ืฉืงืขืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ืข ืคื•ืจืœืขืš. ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืขืจื“ ื” 4 ื’ืื“ืœืขืกื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงืขืคึผ, ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืก, ื‘ืืจื™ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืขื ืข ืคื™ืœืคืืจื‘ื™ืงืข 
ื˜ืขื ื’ืขืก. ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืฃ ืฐืึธืก ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืงื•ืงืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ 0 
ื–ืื’ืก! ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืฐื•ืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืขื ืกืึธืคืงืขืœ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืึธ โ€ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ื ืคืืจืคืœืืžื˜ืข, ื ืคืืจืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ืข, ื˜ืจืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืคื•ืœืŸ ืคืืง ืฉืœื™ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื›ืืกืขื ืข-ืงืœื™ื™ื“. ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ 
ืกืึธืคืงืขืœืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืืจื‘ืœ; 

-- ื–ืข, ืขืจ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืžืคืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ื ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืš ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื›ื•ืคึผืข. 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข, ืฆื• ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืฐืขืœื˜, ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืืคืŸ 
ื›ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืœ; 

-- ื ืžื™ืฆื•ื•ืข ืืฃ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ! ืฐืึธื“ืขืŸ? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ,ืงืึธืคึผืฉืฐื™ื ื“ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคืึธืœื’", ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื”ื™ืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ 
ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ืžืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ? ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืืจืฉืขืœื˜ืŸ. 

-- ืžื™ื™ืœืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึดืงื˜,---ื ืงืœืึธืœืข ืžืขืจ, ื ืงืœืึธืœืข ืฐื•ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ --- ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ืžืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉืคืขื˜. ื“ืึธืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœ-ื›ืขืกืขื“. ืื™ื ืขื 
ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœ-ื›ืขืกืขื“ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึธืจื˜, ืืฃ ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืง 
ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ื˜ื™ืจ. ืฉืึธืœืขื, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืืœ-ื’ืฐื•ึผืจืข, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš 
ื‘ื ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืขื ื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜, ืื– ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืืžืึธืœ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื™ 
ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ืŸ, ืึธื ืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืœ-ื›ืขืกืขื“. ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืขืกืขื“ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, 

ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฐื•ึผืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื’ืข- 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ืก ืžื™ื“ืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ื‘ืขืงื•ื™ืขืš ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืฒึทื˜ื™ืฉ. 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืŸ ืขื ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ืืœืขืก, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ื ืกืืš ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ, 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืจืขื‘ ืฉืึธืœืขื, ืื– ืžืข ื‘ืืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืœ? 

ืฉืึธืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืฉืึธื›ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืŸ ืงืืคึผืฆืŸ: 


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-- ืื™ืจ, ืจืขื‘ ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“, ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข? 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจืขื‘ ืฉืึธืœืขื, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื’ืžื™ืœืขืก-ื‘ืขืกืขื“. 

ืฉืึธืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืฆืขืคึผื™ื’ื˜ืœื˜, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงื•ืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืึธืœืขื ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืึธื›ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ 
ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื›ืขืกืขื“. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื–ื ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜? ื ืึธืจ -- ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจื ืข ื‘ืึธืจื“! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืคึผืืก: ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื›ืขืกืขื“, ืื– ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ืŸ. 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคึผืึธืกืขืง, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื 
ืคึผืึธืกืขืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: , ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ืžืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื". ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืฉืคึผืืก ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืœืงื ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืฐื™ ืฐืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืคืขืกื˜- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื–ืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ --ื ืฉื ื™ื™ ืฆื™ ื ืจืขื’ืŸ, -- ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ืฐื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ, ื•ืขืŸ 
ืžืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืžื™ื ื™ืขืŸ: 

--- ื”ืื™ื–ื™ื ืงืึทืฆื™ื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื”ืืžืœืึธื›ืข ืžืขืจื•ื‘ืึธื–... ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. 

ืฐืึธืก-ืฐืึธืก, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผื™ื™ืจืขืง, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืก ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขืงืกืงืื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ืœืขื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ืคืืจื“ืขืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ืš ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 

-- ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš... ืืœ ื˜ืืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืืฆืžืขื›ืึธ ืื“ ื™ื•ื™ื ืžื•ื™ 

ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ื–ืฒึท-ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉืึธืœ 
ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืกืขืง, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ื–ื•ื™ืœ. ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš: ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฐื•ึผืจืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจืฒึทื›ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ. 


ื–ืฒึทืŸ 


ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ืืจื•ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืก ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“- 
ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืจืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืข?, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืืฃ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ. 


-- ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื’ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืฐื•ื™ื“ ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜. 

--- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜, ื˜ืื˜ืข? ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ? 

--- ืืคึผื™ืงื•ื™ืจืขืก! ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘!! 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืืคืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื’ืขืฆืฐืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืขืก: 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง. ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. 
ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, 
ืฆื™ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. 

-- ืขืš, ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“, ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื“... -- ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื™ืคืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš.-- 
ืคืจื•ืžืขืจ ืงืืคึผืฆืŸ. ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก, ืื– ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืขืกืขื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืฉืคึผืฒึทื˜ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขื. ื“ื™ ื’ืฐื•ึผืจืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฐืฒื™ืœ ื‘ื ืื™ื. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื–ืขืŸ... 

ื˜ืืงืข ื™ืขื ืข ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ืข ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ืŸ --- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ. ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืจืžื™ื™ ื ืงืึธืžื™ื•ื’ื™ืกื˜. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื“ื™ ืืจืžื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืฉื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคืืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ืจืžื™ืฉืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ืืžืึธืœ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’: ืฐื™ ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืก ืื–ื ื’ื•ื•ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžึฟืึธืœ 
ื ืฉื˜ืืจื‘? 

ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ื– ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืึธืคึผื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ืžืœื˜, ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ... 


ืื ื’ืœืึธื– ืคืจื™ืฉืข, ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืข ืžื™ืœืš!* 


: ื”ื™ื•ื ืงืฆืจ ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”. 
2 ืึถืœ ืชืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชืš. 


4 


ื ืึธืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืข- 4 
ื”ืขืจื™ืง ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธื˜, ืฐืึธื˜ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืคืืจืงื ืืกื˜ ืคืืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ, ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก? ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ื ืึธืจ ืกืฒึทืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืจื• ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืŸ 
ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืขื ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ. 

-- ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ? --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ืึธืš ืื™ื, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฅ, ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืจื™? ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขืจืœ ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ื ืึทืš. 

-- ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก, ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื™ืขื ืข ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืžืฒึทืจืขื•ื•-ืจืื ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ื™ืง-ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ. ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืคืืจืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 
ืื–ื, ืฐื•ื™ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜: ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืžืฒึทื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขื ืขื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืขืŸ, ื– :0 ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ 

ื’ืขืงืœื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ -- ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจื“ื™ืงืก, ื ื™ื˜ 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืงืก, ื ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฒึท, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 
ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืš ื ื™ื˜ 


-- ื ื•, ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืจื•ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ?? 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื, ืคื•ื ืขื ืืžืึธืœื™ืงืŸ, ืคืืจืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงื– ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข-- 
ืกืฒื™ึท ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืกืฒึท ื“ืึธืก ื›ื™ื˜ืจืข ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืžื ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื–ืืœืžืขื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืืฃ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, 9 ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ื•ื• ื•ื™ ื•ื™ 


ื ืืžืึธืœ ืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืฉื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื‘ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืžืง 

-- ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš! ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ืขื›- 
ื˜ื™ืงื˜. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื ืจื•ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ. ืื•ื™, ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืืœืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ... 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืื™ื– ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜, ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขืš, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคืขื˜ืขืจ. ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืืจื•ื ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื“ื™ 
ืžืืžืข, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ... ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืจืข 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ. ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ; 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ? 

-- ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ? ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืกืืš ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ. ื ื•, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ. 
ื‘ืึธื˜ืฉ --- ื ื™ื™ึทื“ ื ื’ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก... 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ืžืื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืงื™ืฆืขืจ, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื. ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืื ืง? ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ื ืึธืจ 
ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื ืงืœืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื™ื“ืœื˜; 

-- ื ืจื•ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ! ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืฃ 
ื–ืฉืืœืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืข. ืคื™ื ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื– 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื›ื˜. ืื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึท ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืฐืึธืก 
ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ-ืคืขืจืžืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื ื™ื™- 
ื“ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜--- ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื”ืืœื‘ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื‘ 
ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, --- ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. 

--- ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื’ื•ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข ืงื•ืžืกื˜ื• ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืข, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ? 

-- ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš... 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜. --- ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืก ืืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืžืึธืก ืืฃ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ื‘ืขื’ืขื“. 

-- ืืฃ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ื‘ืขื’ืขื“ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึธืคึผื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ืฉื ืฒืฒึทื“ืขืจ, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืœื™ืข ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื ืฐื•ึผื ืง 


35 


ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜: ,ืฐื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข? ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืึธืคึผืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ?* 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ืื ืืจื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: 

-- ืื™ื– ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ? ืขืก ื•ื•ืฆืจื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ืคืืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. 

--- ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ. 

ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง-- ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื–ืขืฆืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ. ืคืึธืจื˜ 
ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืก, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ืื™ื ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜, 
ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขื›ืขืจ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆ ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฆืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ืคืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืคืืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื’... ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื™ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืงื™ืจืฆื˜. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ: ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ. ืื•ืŸ ื ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื–ืืš: ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืœืึธื–ื˜ืขืจ, ื ืคืืจื‘ื•ืจื™ืื ืขื•ื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ึทื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื–ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืžืืกื™ื•ื• ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื - 


ื–ืขืจ-ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™- 
ื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ืื•ื™ื’ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ืฆื™ื’ืœ, ืขืจืกืขืจืฐืฒึทื– ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืจื˜ืขืจืฐื•ื™ื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืข, ืคืืจืกืื–ืฉืขื˜ืข. 

-- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื™ ืคืืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืขื ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ.-- ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื‘ืข-ืฉืžื•ืขืœืก, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข.. ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ื ื–ื™ ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ื” ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ -- ื–ื™ ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. 


ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 5 ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื’ 

--- ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืขืจืข? ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜? 

ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข, ืฐื™ ืก'ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื 7 ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืขืžื˜ ืื™ื. ื“ื™ื ืข ื–ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืึธืจื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ื–ืœ ืคืืจื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืฒื ื™ืงื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื 
ืฉืžืึธืœ ืกื˜ืขื–ืฉืงืขืœืข. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืœื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจืก, 
ืึธื˜ ืื–ื, ื•ื™ 5 ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ: ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื•ื™ืœื˜ืŸ ื™ืจืฉ ืฆ ื™ื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืœื™ื™ืžืขื ืข ืคื ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ื™ืงืข ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข ืœ 
ืคืืจื–ืฉืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืคึผืขืจื ืขืจ ืงืฐืึธืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš ืืฃ ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื‘ืขื ืงืขืœืข. ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข, ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืงืืจื˜ืึธืคืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื 
ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ ืืœืงืขืจืœ -- ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืืœืขืก-ืื•ืŸ-ื˜ืคื™ืœืŸ. ืขืจ ืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ. 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื - 
ื“ืขืœืข, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฆื™ื’ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ 
ื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืขื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง- 
ืœืขื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื™. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ื ื ืฒึท ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืกืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ --ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคืืจืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ื•ืฐื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืฆืึธืจืขืก ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

,;ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื–ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ...* 

ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืึธื˜-ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืคืŸ ืฐืขื’. ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื ืึธื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ืึธืคึผืฐื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ: 

-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืึธ ืคืืจื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ? ืงืืจื’ ืขืจื“ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืขืฐืขื˜? 

-- ื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ: ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื“ืึธืจืฃ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ. ืขืก 
ืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขื! 

ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ: ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ 


5: 


ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ืฐื•ื™ 


ื 


1 
: 
: 


6 ืฐ 


ืขืจื“, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜, 
ื›ื•ืฅ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ืฆื™ื’ืœ... ื™ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ!. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืงื•ื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื•ื ืกื˜ืขืคึผ.-- ืื ื•, 
ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš? 


ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืขืจืึธืกื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืžืคึผืœ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜ ืืฃ ื 
ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืึธ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื ืœืขืง 5 

ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืืคื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืฆืขืคืœืืงืขืจื˜, ืฆืขืคืœืืžื˜, ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืจื•ื™ืš. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืฒึทื›ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ืฆื™ื›ืœ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš: 
ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ื˜! ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืš? ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืกื•ื™ืžืข. ืื™ืจ 
ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜, ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืžืึธืœ ื’ื•ื˜! ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื“ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. 

ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก, ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืจื•ืคืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง. ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก. ืื™ื– ื–ื™ 
ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืžื•ืกืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืื–ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืœืš. ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ? ื˜ืจื™ื ืง ืื•ื™ืก ื ื’ืœืึธื• ืžื™ืœืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ ืคื•ื - 
ื“ืื ืขืŸ? ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกืœืึธื–ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

,ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ืึธืจ, 
ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ...* 

ื‘ืขืจืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ืข, ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืข ื ืื›ื˜ ืืฃ ืึธื ืจืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 

ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ื™ึดืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข. ืืคืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืืขืจืึธืคึผืœืื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืึธื–, ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื˜, ืฆืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืฆืขื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข, ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืจืœ, 
ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ื•ื˜ืก. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข ื ืขื›ื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืื ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืœื’ืข ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ืข. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื•ื™ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืฒึทืš. ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก? ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜? ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืื–ื ืฉืืจืคืŸ, ืื–ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ื•ื˜, ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื ื›ืืœืขืฉืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื™ืฆืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืฒึทืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื™ืฆืœ! 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื–ื™ ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ืจื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฐืขืง, ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืฒึทืš. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ 2 ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืคืึธืจื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ืฆืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืจื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืžืขืกื“ื™ืงืข 
ืคืจืขืกื˜, ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื™ืฆืœ... 

ื ืžืื–ืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืจืึธืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก, ืื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืื•ื•ืจื™ืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืฐื•ึผืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜. 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื™ื’ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืจื•ื™ืฉืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. ื ืึธืš ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืฐืึธื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืขืจ 
ืงื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ ืงืึธืœื“ืจืข. 

ื ืึธืจ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ืึธื ืฆื•ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


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ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืœ: | 
-- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ืคืืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื ื“ื™ืจืข, ื–ืขืกื˜ื•, ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข. ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืคืจืฒึท ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜. ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ 
ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ-ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืืฐื•ืจื™ืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ. ื ืžืึธืฉืœ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ, ืื– ืื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืื•ืฐื•ืจื™ืœืึธื•ืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืžืขื ืขืก ื ืึธื›ืื ืื ื“. 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜-ืฆื• ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืืœืฅ. ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืŸ ื ืฆืขืŸ ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืขืงืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขื 
ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข, ื‘ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืฉืขืœืึธื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขื˜ืข, ืขืคืฉืขืจ... ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื’ืจื•ืก. 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึธื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคืจืขืกื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ื›ืืคื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื˜ืขื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื™ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืœืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืกืข ื‘ื•ืจืขืงืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ืฉืึธื, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•- 
ืงืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืขืœื™ืข. ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข , ื ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืขืœื™ืข! ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš! 
-- ื ื•, ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš, ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข. 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ: 
--- ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืขืก ืื”ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ? 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ 
ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื•ืข, 
ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืกืžืึธื˜ืฉืงืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื‘ื•ื’ื•ืจื•ืกืœืืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืืœืข ืคืืจืœืึธืจืขื ืข. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื. 
ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื’ื•ืจื•ืกืœืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืฐืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื“ืจืขืก- 
ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜, ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื“ืจืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜. 
-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืขื ืขืจ, -- ืฐืึธื“ืขืŸ? ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ืืคึผืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ? 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื. ืืคื™ืœืข ืื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืืฐืจื™ืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ 
ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื™ืง. 
-- ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง. ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืึธื-ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, 
ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ. ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืฉืึธื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืœื™ื‘ืข ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜, ืื– ืžืข ืคื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ -- ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืจืขืคื•ืข ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื•ื•ืžืื˜ื™ื–ื, ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืงื•ืจืึธืจื˜ืŸ. 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ืจืขืžืœ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืงื™ืžืคึผืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื 
ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ.ืขืœื™ืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจื˜ื•ืžืœื˜. ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื•ืขืง. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ื–ื™ 
ื–ืึธืœ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœืฅ: ื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืขืœืขืš, ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“, ืคึผื™ืœื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื ื˜ืจืขืจ, ืื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ. ื–ื™, ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืงื•ื™ืขืš ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื 
ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื“ืœื˜. 
-- ื“ื• ื˜ืึธืจืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ. ื“ื• ืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผื™ืœื ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืงืข ื™ืขืกื•ื™ืžืข? 


8 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ... ,ืื•ื™, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ?" 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืขืš, ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืฒึทืข ืฉืึธืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืฒึทื’ืข, ืฆืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ื“ืขื ืฉื ื™ื™, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื˜ืืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ, ื’ืขืงืึธืœื•ืคึผืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืข, ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืจื•ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜. ืฐื™ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก ืื–ื 
ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ? ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืคืืจืืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ? ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื™ื - 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืืกื™ืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืฑืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•. 

-- ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืข,-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื™ื“ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ -- 
ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื–ืืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง!.. 

ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ืกื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ืฐื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ืงืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื–. 

--- ืื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืงืึธื ืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜. 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืœืขืงืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ: 

-- ืื™ืจ ืžืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืขืžืขืŸ. ืืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง. 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ื“ืขืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜. ืื–ื ื˜ืฒึทื’ืข! ืึธื˜, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, 


ืฆื•ืงืขืจ. ืžืข ืืงืขืจื˜, ืžืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜, ืžืข ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ ื”ืขืงื˜ืืจืŸ, ืžืข ื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืขืก, ื‘ื™ื– ืžืข ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืงืขืจ! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ื™ืฒื™ืขืŸ ืืฐืขืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืš 
ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง. 

ืื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืืฐื•ืจื™ืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื‘ื ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึธืคืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ: 

-- ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒื™ึทื˜, ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืคึผืื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืžื™ ืืฃ ืื•ื™ืกืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ, ืื™ื– 
ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ. 

ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืคึผืจืขืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื’ืข ืื™ื– 
ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื ื™ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืกืงืœืื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆืึธื•ื•ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. 

-- ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜. --- ืคืืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ื˜ืขื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜. 

ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 

--- ื•ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ? ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืฆื™ื›ื˜ืœืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜? ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขื›ื™ืคึผืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืขื“ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ: 

-- ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื•ืœืŸ ืขืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง. 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–, ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื, ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืคึผื™ื–ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ 
ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 

-- ื’ื™ื™, ื’ื™ื™. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืงืึธื ืกื˜ื• ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒื™ืขืŸ 
ืคืขื˜ืขืจ. 

ื™ืึธ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ืคืจืฒึทืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืงื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜, ืฐื™ ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื, ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืฉืงืืจืคึผืขื˜ืงืขืก. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก 
ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืืœืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื˜, ืฐื™ ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข. ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ึทืง. ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื 
ื‘ืึธื‘ืข... 

ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื™ืื•ื•ืขื˜. ื˜ืืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื•ืœืŸ ืขืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง. ื ืึธืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง. 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ. ืื–ื ื˜ืฒึทื’ืข! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืืฐื•ืจื™ืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืŸ. 


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ื“ืš ื“ื– ื“""ื–ื™'ืขื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืง ื˜ืจื™ืจ ื˜ื•ืจื˜ 


ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืขืœื™ืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ. ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜. ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืขืœื™ืขืก, ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืื™ื– 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ื˜ืฒึทื’ืข ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืืฐื•ืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืฑื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ. ืžืข 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจื’ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื• 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ื ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื. ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ืึธืจ ืึธืคึผืคืืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืŸ. ืฐืึธืจืขื ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื‘ื™ื–ืึธื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื 
ืื–ื ื˜ืฒื™ื’ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆืขืŸ. 
ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ -- ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืกื™ืงืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืงืึธืœ- 
ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืŸ. ืฐื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืœืขื ื™ืฉ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืึธ. 
-- ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง. 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืืฐื•ืจื™ืœืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื•ื•ืขืง. ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ืฆื•ืงืขืจ-ื–ืืฐืึธื“, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืœื ื˜. ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ,ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ืงืื˜ื™ื!".. 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง. ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ื™ืš 
ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืืฑื™ืกื›ืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคื˜ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืฆื˜ ื•ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข. ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ- 
ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ = ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืกืจื•ืกืœืื ื“. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืืŸ ืื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืฒึทื™ื˜ืข 
ื™ื™ึดืฉื•ึผื•ื•ื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ,ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ"... 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืื™ื™ื ืข ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ื‘ืื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ืขืก ื™ืŸ 
ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ืฐืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื’ืจืึธื•ื• ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื 
ืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืกื™ืžืึธื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธืฐืงืฒึทื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 
4 ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ื‘ืขื˜ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื˜: 
--- ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืืฒึทืœืขื ื™ืฉ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ? ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฆื•, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ... 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ. ืื–ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ. ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขื 
ืื“ืจืขืก ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ ืืคืฆื•ืœืึธื›ืขืก... 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืฉื•ื-ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื–ื™ ื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื 
ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื, ืื– ื–ื™ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜... ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื... 
ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืขืจื“, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืจื•ืคืกื˜ ืึธืŸ 
ื”ื™ื™ื, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื“ื™ื™ื ืข ืฐืึธื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื™ืขื“ืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก, ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข- 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒืฒึทืŸ ืืœืฅ... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื! 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ืฐืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ ืคืืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื•ื›ืืจืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ: 
-- ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืคืึธืœื’ ืืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 
ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื’ืจืื’ืขืจื˜ ื ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื™ื“ืขื•ืฐื•ื“ื™ืง ื’ืจื™ืœืฆืขืจืœ. ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื™ืคืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืžื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืคืฅ. ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืขืคึผืขืก 
ื ืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ืงืื˜ื™ืข. 
;ืื•ื™, ืœื™ื‘ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ื ืื™ืฐื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื ื, ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื™ื™ืฆืขืก. 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืึธืœื’ื˜? ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืื”ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื™ืฆืขื ืขืŸ? ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ? ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืขืจ 
ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ". 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื. ืก'ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœืข 
ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืจื•ื•ืขืก ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ. ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืกื˜ืขื–ืฉืงืขืœืข ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ. ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืก ืฐื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ื•ื‘? ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš. ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืœ ืื•ืŸ 


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ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข. ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ-- 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืคืขืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ืืœืฅ 
ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื›ืึธืœืขื. 

-- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก, ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฑื™ืกืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

--- ืื•ื•ืื“ืข, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘? 

-- ื ื™ื˜ืึธ... ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ... ืืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™- 
ืœืึธืก-ื’ืจื•ื‘. 

ืฐื™ ื–ืฉืข ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก? ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืขืŸ, ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข, ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ 
ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื ืึธืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืก, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืก. ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ? ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืื™ื ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืืœืงืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฐื™ ื ืฉืึธื›ืŸ. 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 


ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ? 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฆืขืงืืœื™ืขื˜ืฉืขื˜, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ. ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 


ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืงืœืขืคืŸ. ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 

;ืื•ื™, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ื– 
ืžื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืจืขื“. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ืึธืจ, ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ...* 


ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš: ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืฑื™ืจืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื ื’ืื ืฆืข 6 
ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืฐื•ื•ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืขืœื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคืื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก 
ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืืฒึทืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืคืจืขืกื˜ ื‘ืื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ืืœื ืคืืœืก, ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ. ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืฆื• ืืœืฅ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ. ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืกื˜ืืจืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื˜ืื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜. 
ื˜ืืงืข ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืฒืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธื ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ. ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืกื˜ืืจืขืŸ ื˜ืง 
ืืœืฅ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืžื•ืจืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื˜. ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึธืœืข ืคืืกื™ืงืœืขืš ืฉื™- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื›ืข, ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืœืึธื–ืข ืงื•ืงื•ืจื•ื–ืข-ื‘ืœ 6 ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื’ืข 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึธืกืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืขื ืข ืื™ื ื“ื–ืขืœืขืš ืื™ื ืขื ืื•ืž; ืจ 
ืคืืจื‘ื•ืจื™ืื ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจื’ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื– ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก; 

-- ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืื–ื ืกืึธืœืึธื ื˜ืฉืืง, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืจื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ 
ืคืืจื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืขืฐืขื˜, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืงืขืจืŸ ืคึผืืจ? 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก. 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืืงืขืจืŸ? ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ืงืœื™ืื˜ืฉืขืก? ืื– ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืืจื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืขืฐืขืŸ... ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืืฒึทืš, 
ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืขืฐืขื˜? ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืข ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข 
ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ, 

-- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ? 

-- ื ื•, ื™ืึธ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ. 

-- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ -- ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ? ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ? 

-- ื‘ืขืจืœ... ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ? 

--- ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื”ืืœื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืืจ? 

-- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ืฉืžื™ื“! -- ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ. 


41 


... . ,= -+ื™,,,,,,,,,,,,, , , ,, 


--- ืคืืจืฐื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ,ื ืึธื•ื•ืข ื–ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื"ืฒื˜ 

--- ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ืŸ? 

ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืจื•ืžืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก. ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื“ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืื™ืงืึธื. ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืืคื’ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืึธืจื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืžืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืคื•ื ื“ืึธืกื’ืฒ. 


-- ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ืขืก! ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ! ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš? 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ืจ ื ืืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ? ืื ื•, ืœืึธืžื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ืืจื•ืžื˜ืืคึผืŸ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸื™ 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืœืขื ื’ื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข, ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ;ื ืึธื•ื•ืข ื–ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื". ืžื™ืงืึธืœืข, ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข, ื’ืœืื ืฆื™ืง- 
ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ืคืจืื’ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืงื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 

-- ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜, ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜, ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธ? ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืื–ื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื ื•, ืงื•ื, ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒึทืกืŸ, ืฆื• ื’ืœืขื–ืข- 
ืœืขืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืกื˜ื•? ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœ. 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง? ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’, ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืขืจืกื˜ื• ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš? 

-- ื ืฉืžื™ื“ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 

ืคืจืื’ืข. 

-- ื ืฉืžื™ื“?--- ืžื™ืงืึธืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื–ืฉืžื•ืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. --- ืขืคึผืขืก ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืš, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก. ืฉื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? 

-- ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ ื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ! 

--- ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึถึธืฐื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจ- 
ืงื ืืกื˜. ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก... 

-- ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงื™ืฒึทื˜? ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืœืึธืžื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ื ืงื•ืฉ ื˜ืึธืŸ: 

--- ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? 

-- ื ืžืึธืฉืœ. ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ื“ื• ืœืขื‘ืกื˜! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืงืึธื? ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ. 

--- ืžื•ื–ื˜ื• ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ? ื ืฉืžื™ื“, ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื•? ื“ื•ึน ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืืคืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื 
ืฉืคึผื™ืœื›ืœ, ื ืฉืžื™ื“. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ. ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื™ืจืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืœืขืงืึธืฐื•ืขื“ ื“ื™ืจ... ืึธืœืขื ืข, ื˜ื• ื ืึธืจ ื ืงื•ืง, ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ 
ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง! 


ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืŸ 


1 


ืืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืคืœืืš ืื•ืคื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ืš:ื’ืจื™ื ืข 7 
ืฉืคึผื™ืฆื™ืงืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•ึผ ืฆื• ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื• ืฆื• 
ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผื™ืจืฒ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขืš. 

ื•ื•ืึธืก-ืฐืึธืก, ื ืึธืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธ ืกื˜ืฒึทืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ืฆื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืืžืึธืœ 
ืืจืึธืคึผ ื ืจืขื’ืŸ, ืฆื™ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืืจื’ืึธืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง. 

ื ืึธืš ืื–ื ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก, ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืคืืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฆืึธืจื ื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืคืืจื˜ืจืขืจื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืึธื™ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื? ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ! 


1 ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ (ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉ), 


42 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืคึผืข ืืคืŸ ืืงืกืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ -- ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข. ืืคื™ืœืข ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืžื•ื– ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฉื•ืฉืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜. 

ื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืคื™ืจืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ืฉืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื ืื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ืื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข 
ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืึธื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื˜ืึธื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜-ืฆื• ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืงื™ืžืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืก: ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื•ื, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ. ืฉืึธืขื ืฐื™ื™ื– ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืืฃ 
ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข, ืื•ืŸ ืขึถืจ, ืฐื™ ืืคืฆื•ืœืึธื›ืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ื“ืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื’ืœื™ืง ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืžืขื›ื™ืœืข, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข 
ืฉื•ื•ื•ึผืขืก, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ, ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื•ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืœื™ืง. ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ -- 
ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืื–ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืœืŸ: 
ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง! 

ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜: ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืื™ืžืคึผืขื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืจืืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืึธืจืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš. ื•ื™ ืืžืึธืœ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืึธืคื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืฆื˜ืฉืขืจืข. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื ื“ืจืขืžืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ื ืฒึทืขื 
ืงืึธืคึผืฐื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง. ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ื˜, ืื– ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ื™, 
ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื–, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื ืคื•ืกื˜ืข ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื“ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืœืึธืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืœืขืžืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, 
ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜, 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืš? ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 

ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืจื™ื™ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื”ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ืžืคึผืขื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืงื• ืืคืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื ืžืจื•ืงืข ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฐื•ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ื™ืœ ืžืืœืขื’ื™ื™ืจืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ืืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. 

ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ื ื™ื˜-ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืคื ื“ื™ืงืข ืžื™ืœืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื ืึธื’ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ืฉื˜ืจืึธืžืขืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื ื˜ืขืžืคึผืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื˜ืจืืกืงืขื˜ืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ. 

ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืŸ ื ืคื•ืœืŸ ืงืึธืฉืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืืจื’, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ืื ืงืœ ื“ืขื 
ืฉื ืฒื™ื“ืขืจืก ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืคืึธื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืงื•ื™ื ืึธื - 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืขืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ. 

--- ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜? --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœืก ืงืึธืœ. 

ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื ืฉืคึผืืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฐืฐืฒึทื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ: : 

-- ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ื ืึธืš? 

-- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ? -- ืคึผืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืคืืจืฐื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ืข ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. --- ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืจื™? 

-- ืฉ-ืฉ-ืฉ, ื•ื•ืฆืกื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ!.. 

-- ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ!.. 

--- ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ? 

-- ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ. ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. 

-- ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. -- ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ!. 


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ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืื– ื•ื™ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืืœืฅ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ื™. ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก... ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืืจื˜ื™ืงื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ. ืขืš, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ.. 
-- ื ื•, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ. ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 
--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ?.. 
--- ื ื•, ืึธื˜, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืกืŸ. ืขืจ ืขืกื˜? ืฐืึธืก ืขืกื˜ ืขืจ? 
--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜? ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืขืกื˜ ื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 
--- ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืข 
--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก? ื™ืง ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ... ืงืื•ื•ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ. 
--- ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ืข 
--- ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ? --- ื”ืึธื˜ 2 5 ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. -- ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ 
ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื 
-- ืื–ื•ื™, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜? 
--- ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื 
ื™ืึธ, ื˜ืืงืข. ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ? ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. 
-- ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืงื•ื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืฐืฒื™ึทื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืืคืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืฉืขืง. -- 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื. ื ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžื™ืœื›ื™ืงืก... 
--- ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก? ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืขืกืŸ? 
-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข... ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ื• ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืกืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ. ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื, ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ... 
-- ื’ื•ื˜, ื’ื•ื˜, -- ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืœ ืžืืกืงื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืื‘ื™ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ื•ื˜. ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 
-- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืืœืข ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืš. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜ ืคึผื™ืœื ืขื•ืขืŸ... 


2 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขื“ืืจืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ืขืœ 8 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฑื™ืกืฆื•ืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืœืขืš, ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฆื•ืคึผื˜, 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืก'ื•ื ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื”ืืจืฆืคืœืื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ 
ื‘ื™ื™ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ื™ืขืจืœืขื›ืข, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืึธืจื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ืงืึธื. ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ ืื”ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ 
ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื. ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืืžืึธืœื™ืง ื’ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจืœืึธืจื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ 
ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ. ืฆื™ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ? ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ, ืฆื™ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืฆื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื 
ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ? ื ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื–ืืš. ื‘ื™ื– ื™ืขื ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจืงื ืืกื˜ 
ืคืืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฐื™ ื ืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื ืื™ื 
ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ. 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืคื’ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืื™ืงืึธื, ืฉืžืฒึทื“ื™ืง ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ืคืฉืจื™ืคื˜. ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืง, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ืื™ื, ื ืงืœืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ื‘ื ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ, ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืฐืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข. ื ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืงืข, ืึธืจืขืžืข ืฐืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ืœืึธื–ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืžื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจื˜: ,ื“ื• ืฉืจืขืง ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืข". ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืขื ืข 


ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืฐื™ ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ื ืคื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ. 


44 


ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ืฆื•- 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉืœืืœ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ. ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜. 

-- ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื’ื™ื˜! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ, ืืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืืœืžืข- 
ื ืขืŸ. --- ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง! ื ื•, ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ, 

-- ืœืื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืคึผื™ืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ. -- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืคืืจ- 
ืžืึธื’, ืืœืฅ!.. 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ืขื‘ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ -- ื ืฆืฒึทื’ืขื ื™ืฉ, 
ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื˜ืจื™ืื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ 1942 ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื 9 ืžืฒึท 
5, ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’, 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื•, ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

-- ืืœืฅ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ืžื™ื“ืงืฒึทื˜. 

-- ื ื•, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืื ืฅ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš... -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. -- ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ-ื•ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ.. 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึธืง... ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก. ืขืคืขืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, ื ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ 

ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืืคืŸ ืคื™ื“ื–ืฉืืง ื‘ืื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื ืงื ืขืคึผืœ. 
ื‘ื ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืฃ ืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ? ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืค- 
ืžืขืจืงื–ืื ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ืกืขืจื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื ืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ืคืืจืฉืžืึธืœืฆืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืžื“. ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผื- 
ืกื™ืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงื ืขืคึผืœ ืื™ื– ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขื, 

--- ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, -- ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืžื™ืกืืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืจืื–ื•ื•ืขื“ืงืข? ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™... ืื•ื™ื‘ 
ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš... 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. 

--- ืฉื, ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ? 

-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ? ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก... ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ... 

-- ื ื•, ื ื•, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ --- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ? ,ืคืืจืคืืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ" ืึธื“ืขืจ ,/ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ"? 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื•ื ื“ื™ืง ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืคืŸ. 

-- ,ืคืืจืคืืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ* ืึธื“ืขืจ ,,ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ"?.. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜? ืฉื, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ 
ื ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. ื™ืึธ, 
ื™ืึธ, ,,ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ"... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•- 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจื™ืฉ ื ืงืœืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืข. 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืงืข, ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืข! ืžืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืขืฅ!: ื“ื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜? ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ! ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. 

--- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜... 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ -- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜? ืฐื™ ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•, ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ? 

-- ืึธืคึผื™ืฆื™ึถืขืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ. ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืกืฒื™ึทื•ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ื-ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜... ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ? 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื‘ืื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืื•ืš 


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ื“ืึธืš, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืงืœืขืจื˜, ืื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจื–ืึธืจื’ื˜. 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ืฉ ื 
ืงืจื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจ ืฆืึธืจืŸ: ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, ืื– ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืขื ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืกืœ. ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื–ืฉืื•ื•ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื™ื– 
ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืค ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขืขืคื ื˜. 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ืคืืจืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜, -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื’ืจืึธื“ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข ืขืคืขืก ื ืคืืคึผืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ 
ื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฑื™ื˜ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื–ืขื-ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคืึธื˜ืึธ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืื“ืงืข! ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜? 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒื™ืกืžืฒึทื™ืกืข ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืขืจ, ื ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ. 

--- ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ... 

--- ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง... ื ื•, ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆื•. ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš? 

-- ืื™ืจ? 

-- ื›ืืคึผ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ 
ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’ ื ืคืจืื’ืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ. ืืœืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื– 
ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื™ืจืข 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื. ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืœืืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืข ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกืฒื™ ื ื™ืงืึธ- 
ืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื•ื™ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืฑืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืืจืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืฐื•ืึธืก ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื ืึธืจ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ. 

-- ื ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ -- ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื–, 
ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ื˜... ืึธื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื“ืฒื™ึทื ืขืจ... 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึทืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. 

--- ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืœืฅ? 

-- ืจื•ื™ึทืงืขืจ. ืžืข ืžืขื’ ื“ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™? 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข! 

-- ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึทืง ื–ื™ืš. ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื•ื’ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ื•ื™ึดืื–ื•ื™ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื“ื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจืงื ืืกื˜? 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, -- ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ 
ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ืœืขืš. 

-- ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ. ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ? 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืกื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืจื ื˜ื˜. 

-- ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื, ืื•ื™ืกืงืœืึธืจืŸ? 

-- ;ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื. ืืฑื™ืกืงืœืึธืจืŸ?. ืกืืจื ืขื’ืึธื™ึทืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜? ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืงืœื•ื’ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ื™ืื ืงืœ ืงืืคึผืขืœื™ื•ืฉื ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืœืฒึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ึทืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. 

-- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ? ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ? 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืจื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื˜ืึธืขืก ื’ืขื”ืื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. 

-- ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก, ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื•ื™ื“ืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื–ืึธื’ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ื ืคื™ืจืขืจืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงืขื ื˜? 

-- ื ื‘ื™ืกืœื™.. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜? 


1 ื“ืึธ-- ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ (ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉ), 


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-- ืคึผืืจ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืืงื˜. 

-- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืคืืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืคึผืจืขืœ-ืคึผืืจ. ืคืืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธืš ืคืืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืื™ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืขืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืคืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจ- 
ื–ื•ื™ืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ. 

-- ืคึผืืจ? ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™? --- ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื 
ืฉืคึผืืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. -- ื™ืึธ, ืคึผืืจ. ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง, 
ืฉืœืขืคึผ-ืงืจืืคื˜, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ?.. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜? 

--- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš... ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ,ื ืึธืฐืข ื–ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื". ืžื™ืงืึธืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืžื™ื“, 

--- ืžื™ืงืึธืœืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ? 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ 
ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ืœื™ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขืžืขืจ. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืœืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ. ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึทืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™. 

-- ื ื•, ื’ื•ื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, -- ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืคืืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืš. ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ? ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ืฐืึธืก, ืื™ืฆื˜? ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ? 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ, ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื• ืœืื ื’ ืขืก ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื˜ืขืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ... 

-- ืื–ื•ื™, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืงืข, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืงื•ื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ืžืืกืงื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“, -- ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื•, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืคึผืืจ. ื’ื•ื˜, ื’ื•ื˜. ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ... -- ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืืฃ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš. ื‘ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืคืจืื’ืขืก. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื 
ื“ืึธืš ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื‘ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš --- ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ: 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกืงืึธื ื˜-ืงืืจื˜ืœ ืžืฒื™ึทื ืก... ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืจื˜? 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ-ืงืืกืข. ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ืคึผืืคึผืงืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืืจื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜. 

-- ืึธื˜. ื‘ื™ื˜ืข. ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืืคึผืงืข. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ื ื ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข: ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืคืืจืคืืœืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืืจื˜... ืื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜... ืึธื˜, ื˜ืืงืข 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื ืงืœืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืข. 

-- ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ, ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’. ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง 
ื–ืฉืข, ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ. ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื“ืื˜ืข. ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ? 

-- ื›'ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื™ืขื ืงืึธืžืื˜ื’ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ? 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ืŸ. 

-- ื ื•, ื’ื•ื˜, ื’ื•ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ -- ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืจ, ืฐื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืื ืง, ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, -- ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื“ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืœืื ืฅ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 


1 ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืงืึธืžื™ืกืืจื™ืื˜ (ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ). 


27 


ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. 

ืงื•ื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกืฒื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•. 

-- ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืขืš ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, -- ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ? 

ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืฃ ื ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื’ืขื‘ืข!, ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ,ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ", ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•- 
ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ื– 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, ืื– ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืขืจ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืคืืจืขื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืฐื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืคืืจ- 

ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืื– ื–ืืœืž ืŸ ื–ืึธ ืฆึน 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ืื– ืืœืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืืžืึธืœื™ืงืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืื– ืก'ื–ืึธืœ 
ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑื™ืกืงืœืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ -- ืก'ื ึน 
ืงืึธืŸ, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืคึผืืกื™ืจืŸ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธืฐืขืจ, ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืข. ื‘ืืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™ ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™- ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™- 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ืคืจืื’ืข, 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืข. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืงืึธืœืขืŸ, ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ,ื ืึธื•ื•ืข ื–ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื? ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืคืจืขื’ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืœืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืงืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื™ื“ ืฆื• ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฆืŸ. ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื˜ืขืขืก? ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ, ืฆื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉื™ืงืŸ ื ื ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœ- 
ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ ,ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ". 

-- ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ, ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืกืฒึท ื–ื™ืš, ืกืฒึท 
ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 


ื 


ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ื™ืื ืงืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ื™. ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืข 9 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื–ืฉืžื•ืจืข ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืฆื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ื ืฉืœืขืคึผ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ื“ืขื ืกืื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื‘ืืžื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก 
ื•ื™ ืื–ืขืœื›ืก. ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืก, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข 
ืžืฒึทืกืข. ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืข ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขื‘ื™ืจืœื™ื•ื•ืข. ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืœืขื - 
ื’ืขืจ -- ืก'ืžืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื‘ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืžืึธืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืจืฅ. ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ื– ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืืจืื ื˜ื™ืจื˜. 
ื™ืื ืงืœ ืงืืคึผืขืœื™ื•ืฉื ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืคึผืืก. ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืœืข: ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ, ืื– 
ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืืœื ืคืืœืก, ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื™ื ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ื’ืขื– ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฐืขืงื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜? 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจืฒึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืžืืœืงืข. 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื•ื›ืืคืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงื™ืจืฆืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ. ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, 
ื•ื™ ืคืืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืฐื™ึทื‘. 


1 ืจืึธืฉืขื˜ืฒื™ืฐืขืก: ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ื•ื ืคืืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืคืืจืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, 
? ืžืืฉื™ืŸ-ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ-ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข. 


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ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืึธืจ ืฆืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืงืœื•ื‘. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจื’ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจ ื 
ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื ื ื™ื’ื ื“ืœ? 

ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืจืืœืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื“ืืŸ 
ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืก. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืข- 
ืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื™ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

-- ื ื•, ืžื™ื™ืœืข, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ, -- 
ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 

-- ืžื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืœืงืข ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืื•ื•ื ืขืŸ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. -- ื‘ื™ืžืงื•ื™ื ื›ืื–ืŸ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜? 

ืžืืœืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ: ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ --- ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื ื›ืื–ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ. 

ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ืืฆื™ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžืืœืงืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืงืจืื ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืจืขื ืง, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืืคื™ืœืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื 

ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืœ! ื“ืึธืงื˜ืฑืจื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื ืžืึธืฉืœ! ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืจืึธื“ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื? 
ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืœืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื’ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืข ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜? 

ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืœืงืข ื–ืึธืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ. ืžื™ื™ืœืข ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ื™ืœืข ื›ืื–ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ? ืืฃ ืœืฒึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืข- 
ืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืœืงืข ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? ืืฃ ืื–ื ื‘ืจืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื‘ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืืœืฅ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ. 

ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืงืจื™ื›ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ 
ืื– ืžืข ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืขืกื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ.. 

ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื™ื“ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืกื˜ืืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ 
ืงืื•ื•ืข, ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืงืขื– ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืขืœื›ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผื•ื˜ืขืจ. ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืืœืขื•ื•ืข ืงื• ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืžื™ืœืš? ื’ืขืงื™- 
ืžืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ื’ืขื–ืœืขืš. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ? 
ื ืึธืจ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืคืืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก. 

-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ? 

-- ื™ืึธ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ืก. 

-- ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. -- ื ื•, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ืขืคืขืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜? 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ? 

--- ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ืฉื™ื™ื ื™ ืœืขืžื™ื™ืœืขืš! ืึธ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผื™ื™ึทืŸ. ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื ืงืึธืฐืขื“ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ, ืึท 
ื ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’? : 

-- ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. 

ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืฉืคึผืืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒื™. ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜. 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืกื™ืข. ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืงืึธืฐืขืœ. 

-- ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ? 

-- ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื. ืžื™ืงืึธืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜... 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืคึผืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ 
ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื–ืขืกื˜, ื˜ืื˜ืข? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. 

--- ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’. ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ืกืขืง. 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื™ืึธ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ืกืขืง. ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ? ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ. 


49 


-- ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข!.. 

-- ื ื•, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข? ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืก ื–ื•ืŸ, ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. ืขืจ 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืจื™ื’ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจืœ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ื™ืš ืคืืจืงืขืจืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืคืืจ, ืžื•ื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืึธืคึผืจืขืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ? ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜? 

-- ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืœืขืš, ื ืขื‘ืขืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. -- ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืข ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืœืขืš? 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืคืจืขื’ืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืึธืจื™ืกื™ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืฆืขืฉืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืœืึธืก-ื’ืจื•ื‘, ืื™ื– ืคึผืื ืืก ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืฆืขื“ื•ืœื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืขื›ื˜ 
ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ. ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืขืœื‘ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ืคึผืืฉืขื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื•ืจื•ื–ืข. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ. ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืคื™-ื”ืขื ื“- 
ืœืขืจ. ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜. ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒื™ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืžืึธืฐืงืข. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืž- 
ืงืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ืืฆื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืื ืืก ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงืขืœื‘ืœืขืš 
ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื‘ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. -- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื– 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜? 

--- ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืœืขืš ืกืฒึทืฐื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืืจืžืขืก? 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืื ืืกืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื™ืืจืžืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื™ืืจืžืขืก, ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข. ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ืœืฃ. 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐื™ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืก ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึธืฉืŸ. ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ื™-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ืกืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืข- 


,ื ืงืึธืฐื•ืขืœ, ืžื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜". 

,ื‘ื™ืžืงื•ื™ื ืงืึธืฐืขืœ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, -- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜??" --- ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘, ืื– ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืขืฉื•ื-ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก.. ืฐืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก? ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ. ื–ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? ืกืฒึทื•ื•ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜. ;ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืžืืœืงืข-ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื? ื ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืœ? ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜? ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืข -- ื–ืืœืžืขืฃ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’? ืืฒึท, ื“ื• 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื ืžืึธืฉืœ-ืงืืคึผืึธืฉืœ! ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืืฃ 
ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ? ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ? ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ!" 

ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืœืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื ืžืืกืงื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืžืืœืงืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื’ื•ื˜! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขื ื•- 
ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืืงืข ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืึธื–ื–ืืง, ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืืœืข ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืืจืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ื’ืขืฉืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ 
ืืœืขื ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 

ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื 
'ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื”ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื˜. ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื’-ืืฃ-ืื•ื™ื’. 
ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกืฐื•ืฒึทื™ื–ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื“ืขื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืฃ ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืŸ. ื™ืึธ, ืขืจ ืžืขื’ ืฉื•ืขืจืŸ, -- ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื! 

ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ืขืจืฒื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืคืขื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ. ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ 
'ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืจื™ื‘ืœื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืคึผืข ืื™ื™ึทื–ื - 
ื‘ืจื•ืš, ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืขื ื˜ืขืก, ืฉืฐืึธืจื ื™ืขืก, ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก 


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-ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืœืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ื˜ืจืึธ- 
ื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื–ืฉืขืก. ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขืœื˜ืขืœืข ืคืืจ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. 

-- ื ื•, ื ื’ื•ื˜-ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ! --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืขื˜ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง. 

;ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื“ื˜, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ื™ืฉืงืข, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ื 
ืงืึธืฐืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืžืฒึทืœืขืก". 

-- ื ื’ื•ื˜-ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ื ื’ื•ื˜-ื™ืึธืจ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. --- ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืืฃ ืืฒึทืš. 

-- ื ืžืึธืฉืœ. ืžื™ืงืึธืœื ืคืื ืืกืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ืฆื™ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื–ืฉืขืก. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื- 
ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืคืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืื˜... 

ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ืฒึทืขืจ. 

-- ;ื”ืขืจ ื–ืฉืข ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื...--- ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ.-- 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืขื ื“ืข ืืฃ ื ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ;ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ". -- ืขืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, 
ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืืจืขื ื“ืข? ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก? ื ืžื™ืœ ืฆื™ ื ื“ืจืื˜ืฉ? ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ, ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš 
ืคืืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืขื ื“ืข?" -- ,ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ. ื“ื• 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš? ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ. ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ". -- ,ืกื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš, ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฆื• ืฉื ื™ื˜. ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืคืืจื”ืจื™ื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืขืก, ื”ืจืื‘ืœื™ืขืก, ืฉื ืฒึทื™ื“-ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก". ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–. , ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, ืื– ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทื ืข 
ื ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื™ืฉืข ืึธื ืœืึธื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ืงืึธื!" -- ,ื ืžืึธืฉืœ, ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ืงืึธืคึผ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ". 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื–ื–ืืง ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’, ืื– ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ 
:ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ื ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืŸ ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืข. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ื™ื™ืฉืขืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื‘ืืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง 
ื“ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื“. 

-- ื˜ืข!.. -- ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. --- ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ื™ืฉืขืจ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื ืึธืš ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ 
ืึทื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
;ืืคืŸ ืคืืจื”ืขืจ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ; ,ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื 
ื’ืื•ื•ืจื™ืœืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ". --- ,ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš, ื ืคืขืจื“?" --- ,ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ 
ืžื™ืจ, ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ". ื ื•, ื’ืขืงืึธืฐืขื˜, ื’ืขืงืึธืฐืขื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ. 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื ืื™ื– 
ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืคื™ืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข. ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืืจืžืขืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’, 
ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขืฉืฒึทืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ืกื™ื™ืขืœืขืš, 

-- ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืžืขืงืฒึทืขื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืขืฉืฒึทืข ื”ืื ืึธืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ื•ื•ืขื›ื™ื˜ืกื• ื›ืืจื‘ื•ื™ืกืึธื ืœืขื™ึดื˜ื™ื:. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืžื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“ ืืฃ ืืงืขืจืก. ืคึผืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ื? 

--- ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, -- ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืžืืกืงื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, --- ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœ 
:ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ. ืื™ื– ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืกืฒึทืขืŸ? ืžืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืขืฅ, 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื. 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธืŸ ื™ืขืฉืฒึทืข ื”ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™. 

ื ืึธืจ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืฆื• ื™ืขืฉืฒึทืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื˜ืจืึธ- 
ื›ื™ื, -- ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ืขื•ื•ืื ื’ืขืœื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜! ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืื”ื™ื™ื, 
ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืงืึธืคึผ. ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื™ืขื–ื•ืกืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ... 


1 ื•ื›ืชืชื• ื—ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืœืืชื™ื, 


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ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืืก. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื”ืืœื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš 
ืคืืจ ืื–ื, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ? 

-- ื ื•, ืื™ื– ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืข ืžืฒึทืกืขืก. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื“ืขืจื™ื™? 

-- ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ. -- ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœืฐืฒึทื– ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื 
ืฉืžื™ื“. ืึธืคึผื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจืฉืข 
ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜? 

-- ื ื•, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜. ื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ึนืึธืจ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื‘ืืœื“ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืืฑืกืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ. 

ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, 
ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื“ืขืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ, 
ืื– ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ื”ืขื ื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืึธื–ื–ืืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ื ืฆืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืข 
ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืืฒึทื–ืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืžืขืจ. 
ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืงื•ื™ืขืš. ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืืค ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื 
ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืื ืฆื˜. ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืžืื˜ืขืจื˜, 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืœืึธื–ื–ืืง. ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ื™ืฅ: 

--- ื“ืืฐื•ืฒึท, ื“ืืฐื•ืฒึท, ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™... 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ- 
ื–ืขืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ. ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ืงืœืืค ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืฆืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš 
ื ืงืœืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ: , ืกื˜ืึธืคึผ". ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ืืคืจื™ึทื™ื˜ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขืœืข ืžืื›ืึธืจืงืข. 


ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืฐื•ืฒึทืœืข ืฐื•ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื˜ืฉืžืขืœื™ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขืึธื˜ืขืžื˜. ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก: ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืคื•ื ืขื 


ื’ 
ื’ืขื–ืืœืฆืขื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก. 

-- ื ื•, ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืื“ืœืขืก. -- ืฐื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข? 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื’ืื“ืœืขืก ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ: 

-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจืœ, ืคึผืขืจืœ, 

-- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ื‘ืืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜- 
ืœืขื›ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. 

ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืขืจืœืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื“ื•ืจ-ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš. ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื–ื•ื™, ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื™ืข? ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ืฒึทืขืจ 
ืžืขืœืึธื›ืข? 

-- ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ... ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ. 

-- ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื˜ืื˜ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื 
ืžื™ื ืข, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ. 

-- ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜, ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืขืจ ื•ื•ืฆื˜ ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจืœื•ื™ื‘, 

-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข? 

ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื”ื•ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื˜ืืงืข ื ืฉืžื™ื“, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื ืฒึทืกืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ืงื•ื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื•ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืคืกื ืฒึท ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึผืขืจืœืข: 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. 

-- ืžืึธื“ื ืข. ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ? 

-- ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœ ืคืืจืขื ื˜- 
ืคืขืจื˜ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ. 


2 


-- ื–ืขืกื˜, ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื™ืข. -- ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื˜, -- ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืื–ื ื™ืข ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜. ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืงืข ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜! ื™ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื ื‘ืึธืจื“, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื˜ืื˜ื ืก -- ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื ืฉืืจืคืงืื ื˜ื™ืงืข, ื ืฉื˜ืขื›ื™ืงืข. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืขืจื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก 10 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืข. ืขืžืขืก, ื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืจืœ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ--ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื 
ืคึผืืกื˜ ืžืขืจ ืคืืจ ื ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ืš. ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜. ื ืึธืจ 
ื ืฉืึธื“, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืฐื•ึผืงืก. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืขืจื’ืขืจื˜, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขื 
ืœืื ื’ืŸ ื“ืจืึธื ื’. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืข ื”ืื ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ื™ืš ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื ื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืืžื™ื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื”ืขืœืคืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ืืงืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ื’ื™ืžื ืืกื˜ื™ืึธืจืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธืจื“ืขื ืก, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืœืข, ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืžื ืืกื˜ื™ืึธืจืงืข ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืคึผื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืฒึทืข, ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœืข ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ื ืื›ืขืก-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ื ื˜: 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื”ืื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ -- ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืืžืึธืœื™ืงืข ืื•ื•ืœืข, ืื™ื ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื ื–ื™ื•ื•ืขื’, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื ื–ื™ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜, ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜. ืื™ื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืคืกื ืฒึท, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื‘ืขืจืœืก, ื’ืขืœื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืงื•ื™ืคื˜, ื ืกืขื“ืœ ืคืืจืคืœืื ืฆื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทื ืก, ื‘ืขืจืœืก. ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืžื•ื™ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื™ืขื ืขื ืจื•ืžืข- 
ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืขืฆืœ, ื‘ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืืก ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ื 
ืกืึธื“ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื™ืขื ืขื ื‘ืฒึทื›ื™ืงืŸ ืžืื“ื™ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื”ื™ื™ื–- 
ืœืขืš. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืขื–ืฉืงืขืœืขืš ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื™ืขื ืขื, ืฆืขืžืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข, ื’ืœืื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข. ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคืœืขืš ืฆื•ื ืžื•ื™ืขืจืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆืขืžืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข. ื ืงืขืœืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ, 
ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืื”ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืืœืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ืขืจ ืคึผืœืฑื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ืคืืจื”ืื ื’ืขื– ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื ื˜ืจืฑื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืืœืข ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคึผืœืืฆืŸ ืคืืจ ืงื™ื ืข, ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ. 

ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ... 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืืฐื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ. ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง. ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข 
ืžืึธืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืื–ื ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืœ. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ... 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืจืฒื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜. ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืฐื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื ื–ื™ืŸ. ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื‘ืึธื‘ืจื™ืงืึธืฐื•ืขืจ ืคึผืืœื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืจืึธ- 
ืžืขื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืžื•ืกืขืจื˜ ืื™ื: ,ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆืกื˜ื•, ืฐื™ ื ืœื™ื™ืžืขื ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืœืขื? ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ!" 

,ื ื™ื™ืŸ,. ื ื™ื™ืŸ,, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ. ืžืฒึทื ืก ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื‘ืŸ". ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืืฆื™ื ื“ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืจื™ื™ืฆื˜. ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื™ืขื ืข 
ืคืืจืฉื ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื‘ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื›ืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ. ืขืก ื‘ืืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืื–ืฉ ื ื”ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื– ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื’ืŸ ื ื’ืขื–ืืœืฆืขื ืข 
ืคึผื™ื ืข. ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ 
ืืจื•ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ื ื- 
ืจื™ืฉืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ, ื‘ืขืจืœ, ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 

ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ืฃ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ, ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธื ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื’ืขื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื• ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืฉืฒึทืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืฆืขืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, 


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-- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ... ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื”ืื•ืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ... ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜... 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืก'ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืืจื™ื’ืข. ืืœื ืคืืœืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื' 
ื’ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื˜, ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืื•ื‘ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืฒื˜ ื ื ืื›ื˜ 
ืฆื•ืคื•ืก, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืžืขืœื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื... 

--- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ... ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ, ื”ื•ื™ืœืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ! ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืงืข, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘' 
ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ื™. 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื“ืจืืคึผืขื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื™ืœื˜ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื• ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื™ืจืงื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืืœืฅ ืงืืคึผื•ื™ืจ. ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜. 

-- ื ืืจื™ืฉืข ืžืขื ืขืจ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืฆื• ืืฒื™ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืกืึธื‘ืขื ืข ื ืขืจื•ื•ืŸ. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืืŸ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜? 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืืคืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื–ืืœืžืŸ 
ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืขืš, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืื™ื ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ. 

-- ื ื•, ืฉืึธืœืขื ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื. 

ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืœืื ื’ ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜' 
ืืŸ ืขื’ื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง: 

--- ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜? 

-- ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืกื˜ืฒื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ... ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืœื™ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ... 

ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื ืฉื˜ืึธืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ื–ื™ื™ ืจืขื“ืŸ, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื' 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื˜ืื˜ืขืก. ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืกืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ? ืงื•ื ืืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืขื“ื™ืง ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืฉืขืง. 

-- ืื™ื– ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ? 

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืฆื• ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืจื•ืžืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื. 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 

-- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ... 

-- ื ื•, ืื•ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™, ืžืขื’ืกื˜ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืฒืฒึทื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืจื•ืคืŸ ื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœืขืš 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืš, ื“ื• ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ... 

-- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืืฑ 
ืื•ืžืคึผืืจื˜ืฒื™ื™ืฉืขืจ... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆืขื”ื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 


-- ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ. -- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ!.. 


ืฉืจ' 


ื™ 
: 


ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืก ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืคืœืืžื˜ ื ืคื™ื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืฒื™ืขืจืœ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ 


ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื˜ืื ืฆืŸ, ืฉืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš. ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืžืื›ื˜ ื ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืืฃ ืื•ื•ืขืงืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 


54 


--- ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฆื•... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ 
ืงื™ื ื‘ืืงืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื•ื˜ืื ืฆืŸ. -- ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ื“ืจ 
ื–ืขืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš? 

--- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•, ื‘ืขืจืœ? 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื•ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ- 

--- ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฐืึธืก, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ? ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ืฒึทื’ืขืก. ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐื™ ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ื• ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืžืฒึทื ืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ื–ืขืกื˜? 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืงืืœื™ืขื˜ืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืค- 
ื’ืขืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืึธืžื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืจื™. ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืก. 

ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื‘ืขืจืœ? ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ืขืจ? ืขืš, ื‘ืขืจืœ, ื‘ืขืจ?, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ... 

-- ืืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ?.. 

-- ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืœื™ืงื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื™ืœ 
ืื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืœืขื‘ ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข, ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 

-- ื™ืึธ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... 


--- ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื–ื ืฆืฒึทื˜--ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš. 
ื‘ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืื ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื‘ืืงืŸ: 
-- ื ืœื™ื’ืฃ 


ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืึธื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง. 

-- ืฉืจื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™. ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืื–ื, ื•ื™ ื“ื•, ืื™ื“ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืฆืืฆืงืข, ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืจื“ืขื ืก. ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

--- ืืฑื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ! 

ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื‘ืืœื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื. 

-- ื ื•, ื ื•ื™ -- ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืืฃ ื‘ืืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš.-- ื“ืึธืก ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš 
ื–ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ึนืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืืฑื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ. 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืื– ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืžืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ, ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ. ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ, ืคืืจืงืื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืื ืงืŸ ืคื•ืก, ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืงื•ืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ: 

-- ืœืฒึทื’ืกื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื, ืืœืข ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื. 

ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืžืขืฉ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืจื•ืขืŸ. ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ื 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืจืื’ืข: ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื–ื ืืฑื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ? ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืžืืกืงื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜? 8 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜, ืฐื™ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืจืงื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืฉ. ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข 
ื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ?.. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื›ืืกืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 

ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ? ื•ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืืฑื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืืš?.. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื“ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 
ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื ื“ืจืขืžืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก 
ื ื›ืžืืจืขืœืข ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื•ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ? ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ืขืจ... ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืฆืืฆืงืข? ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ? ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ... 


ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืกืืš ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜. ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. 
ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื’ืขื‘ืข. 
--- ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ?---ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ืœืื ื’ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 


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ื•ึธ 
ื•ึธ 
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ื• 


ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืืฑืกืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืื ื’ืข, ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื”ื™ืคึผื ืึธื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืื•ื–ืข. 

-- ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ: --- ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. 

--- ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข... -- ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืฑื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ. -- ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ? 

--- ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš... --- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. -- ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข 
ืคืจืื’ืข ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฒึทืš. ื•ื™ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ? 

-- ืื™ืš? ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืš? ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืคืจืื’ืฃ ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ืฆื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึธื“. 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืœืืกืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขื 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืฃ: 

--- ืื•ืŸ, ื“ืจื™ื˜ื ืก, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜! 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืขืคืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื™ืจืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ืŸ.--- ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ 
ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜? 

-- ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ... ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื. ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. 

-- ื ื•, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜.., 

-- ื ืœืื ื’ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข... 

--- ืื™ื– ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ... ื™ืึธ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ื™. 
ื“ืื˜ืขืก, ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ... ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ื™... 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’. 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ... ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 

ื™ืึธ, ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ... ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืืžืกื˜ืข... 


ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืกื˜ืขืค, 11 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื–ืขืฆืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 
ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื™ื“ืœื˜, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื 
ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•, ืื– ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืจืืกื™ืžื˜ืฉื•ืง ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื ื ืœืึธืžืคึผ? 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืข ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง. ืžืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึทืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜. 

ืืžืึธืœ, ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ืžืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ื ื“ืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื ืขืฉืึธืžืขืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืžืฒึทืกืขืก, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืฆื•ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืคืืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืขืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจืืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 

ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืฑื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืกื“ื™ืง: ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืื›- 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจืึธื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข. 

ื“ื™ ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื’ืœืขืš. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ 
ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื™ืึธ, ืึธื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื•ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืขืกื˜ 


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ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขืžืขืŸ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืืŸ ืืงืกืœ. ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืขื ืœืขื›ืก ืืฃ ื ืงื™ืฉืขืœืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ ื ืจืฒึทื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก ืืงืกืœ, ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืขื ืขื ื–ื™ืคืฅ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ, ืฐื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืจื™ืจ 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื™ืงืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืจืขืžืœืขืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืž- 
ืงื•ืงืŸ. 

--- ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืคึผืฒึทื ืขื ื“ืจืขืžืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•? 

-- ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ? 

-- ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. 

-- ื ื•ื•ืื–ืฉื ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜? 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก? ืึธื˜ ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ... -- ืื•ืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. -- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืคืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืจื•ื ืืฃ ื ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข? ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžื- 
ืฉื™ืŸ? 

-- ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ืš ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ? ื ื•, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜? ื ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืจืึธื“ ืคืืจืืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื™ืึธื ืึธืฐืขืฅ! ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข-- ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืืฐื›ืึธื– ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืขืžืึธื•ื•ืงืข? ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืคืขืจื“... ื ืึธืจ ืœืึธืžื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ... 

ืึธื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืึธืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืœืึธืจ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืœืฅ. ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื ืื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ืื›ื˜, ื ืื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ื ืื›ื˜, ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื ืขื ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ื™ืงืŸ ืขืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, ืฆืขืฉื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฒึท. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืงืื ืขืฆืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืขืœื›ืœ, ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื“ืืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 


ืก'ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึธื˜ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ, ื ืื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ืื›ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื 
ืคืื ืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืก. ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื–ื™ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœ- 
ื›ืขืกืขื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื™ืจืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืจื˜, 
ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื‘ืกื•ืจืข, ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื”ืืก. 


-- ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืฃ -- 
ืคืืจื ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืฆื•ื•ืขืก. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžื™ืฆื•ื•ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜. 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืคื™ื‘ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืœืืงืขืจื˜ ื ืคืืจื“ืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืื ื’ ืืคืŸ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืื ื’ืข, ืงืืœื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืข ื ืขื›ื˜, ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ;ืืงืฆื™ืขืก" ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื›ืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื– ืืœืข 
ืงืœืึธืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜. 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืืคึผ, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜. ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–. ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืื ื’? ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื“ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึธืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. 
ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืจืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ, ื‘ืืคืขืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœืืงืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš: 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ: ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ึดืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ, ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜. 
ื‘ืื’ืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ. ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืœืื. 


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-- ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ. ื˜ืืงืข 
ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒื™-ืœืฒึทื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืืฉ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืœืึธื•ืขืฉืงืข, ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜, ื‘ื™ื– 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ... 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ--ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืœ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜-ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืงื•ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืก. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื–ื ืกืจื™ื™ืคืข? ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืœื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ... ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืึธ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. 

--- ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืžื™ื›ืฒื™ืœืึธ? 

--- ืคืืจืคืืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. 
ื ื ื™ืข ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ ืืฃ ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒึทืขืŸ, ืฐืขืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจืขื˜ืขืจ. 

ืคืืจื˜ืฉืข ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืฉืขืœ ืคืืจ ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื˜ืฉืขืจ, 
ืืŸ ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืจ ืคื•ื™ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ; 

-- ืึธื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง. ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ 

-- ืืŸ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ-ืœืฒึทื˜. -- ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขื• ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื™ 6 ืž ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืงื™ืจื™ืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜, 
ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ืœืขื ื’ืข ืฒึทื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ืื™ื ื”ื ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืœืื ื’-ืœืื ื’, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงื ืืคึผืข ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ. ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธ- 
ืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืืœืข ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ืฐื™ ืืฃ ื ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจ. ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืขืœื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืขืจืขืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคืขืก ื ืคึผื ื™ืึธืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื™ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืคืืจ ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง 
ืืจืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆืฐืฒึทื’. ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. 
-- ืึธื˜... ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ 

ืึธืคึผ ื’ืขื ื•ืž; ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื˜ืœ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก 1 
5 ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื”ื™ืœ- 
ืฆืขืจื ืข ืžืืฆื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืก. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ืื ื›ืืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืฃ ื ืงื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ. ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืขื’ื ืก ืืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข ืงื•ื˜ืฉืขืจืื•ื•ืข ื˜ืฉื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ ื‘ืืคืืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœืื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืขืคึผืข 
ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืขื˜. ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ ื ื“ืจื™ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก ื”ืื ื˜. 

-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜? 

-- ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืข- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜, -- ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืฑื˜. ื ืฒึทืข ืžืืฆื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืก ืืฐื•ืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ, ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข. ื•ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•? ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœ! ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืขืจ, ืจื•ืกืŸ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื’ืจื™ืš, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื“ื•ื‘ื. 

-- ื™ืึธ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืงืขื˜ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜. 


54; 


ืื•ืŸ ื 


--- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื ืงืขื˜ืขืก ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•?.. ืขืš, ื“ื–ืฉื™ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ. ื–ืึธื’ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก, ืื™ื ืขื ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 

ืื•ื™, ื•ื™ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืžืก ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. 

-- ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ? ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ืžืืจืคืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืœืืฆืง. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ืžืืจืคืขืŸ? ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืžืขืœืงืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ื 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื‘ืœืืฐืข. ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ืงื•ืคึผืข ืงืืจื˜ืึธืคึผืœ. ืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืจื™ื’ืœ 


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ืžื™ืœืš. ืื™ืš ื˜ืจื™ื ืง ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก, ื“ืื ืง ืึธืคึผ, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ 
ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜. ื ื•, ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™. 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธื›- 
ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ืื“ืื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜. 

-- ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืึธืคึผื”ื™ื˜ืŸ!-- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™. -- ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืคื•ืœ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ืืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ืงืœืึธื’ืข. 

--- ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ? 

-- ืืคืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื, ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืืคืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื, ืฐื™ ืืคืŸ ืขืจื“-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ. ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื“ืืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜. ืคื™ื ืฃ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงื• 
ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืœืงืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงืจืขื ืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืžืขืœืง ืคืืจ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ. ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืขืจื“- 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธืงืจืื˜ืŸ. 

-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื? --- ืคืจืขื’ ืื™ืš ื–ื™. 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก? ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืจื™ื™. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜? ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืœืื ื’ืข ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผื™ื›ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ืœ, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื ืคื•ืก ืืฐืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจืœื™ืจืกื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืก ืœืึธืฉืŸ. ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ื ื™ืฉืงืึธืฉืข, --- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜, -- ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœืขืจ. 

-- ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืืฒึทืš, -- ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ืจ. -- ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืึธืจื“ืขืŸ? ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš. 

--- ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

-- ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืจื’ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืืจืคืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ... ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื˜ืœืขืŸ ืืฃ 
ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ื˜ ื™ื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืš. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•, ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ? ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ืงืœืึธื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ื ืคึผืืกื™ืงืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธืคื˜ืžืึธืœ... 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ?.. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™? 

-- ื™ืึธ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš ืžื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธื ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื’ืขื‘ืข. 

ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืงืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื™, ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืจื•ื™ืฉ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืฑื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืึธืฃ. ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜, ื•ื™ 
ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, ืื•ื™ืกืžืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ืึธืง. 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. 
ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืจืœ, ืกืคืขืงื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ืžืืจืง, ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืžืืกืงื™ืจืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ืื–ื ืกืคึผืข- 
ืงื•ืœื™ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืืจื™ืขืจื™ืกื˜ ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืข- 
ืคืขืจืœืขืš. ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื–ื-ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื”ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื ืขืฉืึธืžืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ื™- 
ืจืึธืœืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœื™ืื ื˜ ืžื•ื– ื“ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืœื™ื’ื ืขืจ, ื ืฆืฐื™ื™ืคึผืขื ืขืžื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ืžืึธืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื ื˜ืื˜ืข-ืžืืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืกืืžืข ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ. ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื˜ืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข, ืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

-- ืคืึธืœื’ ืžื™ืš, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธ- 
ืœืฒึทืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข, -- ื“ื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘. ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืืœืฅ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš. ื“ืื˜ืขืก, ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ืขืžื’ืขื‘ืข. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ื– ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืึธื ื™ืึธื’ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื ืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•, ื ื ืื›ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. 
: ื“ื™ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ืคื•ื•ืื›ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ืฉื ื•ืจ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืขื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ-ืจืื ื“. 


59 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฒ? 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ืžืฒื™ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ื‘ืขืฉืขืคืข: ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 1 
ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•, ื“ื•ืจื›ื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง-ื”ืขืœืข ื’ืจื™ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืืคึผืœื“ื™ืง-ืฆืืจื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ื˜, ืฉืฒึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืงืื–ืืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืงืื–ืื˜ืฉืงืขืก... ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืงืขืจื ื“ื™ืง-ืฉืืจืคืข ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืก, ื•ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผืึธื™ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขื ืขื 
ืฐื•ืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ืฆื™ืžืœืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ 
ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื ืกืืš, ื ืกืืš ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ-ืฉื˜ืจืืœืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ 
ื‘ืจื™. ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืงืื–ืื˜ืฉืงืข: 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืคื˜, ื’ืขื›ื™ื™ื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐ- 
ื“ื™ืง-ืื•ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ืขื’ื™ืœื•ืคื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืืœืข ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜. ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืŸ, ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื ื™ืฆื˜ืข 
ื’ืื ืขืงืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™- 
ืกืขืจ ื–ื•ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืœืืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ื™ืฆืข.. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ืื ืฆื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืœืขื’ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืคืึธืจืึธื–ืฉื™ืข, 
ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืœืขืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืฒืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข. ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ --- ืคึผืฑืขืจื™ื! ืขืจ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขื ื’ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืื•ื•ื- 
ืœืขืจื™ืกื˜ --- ื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™, ืงื™ื™ืœืข, ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ืžื™ืœื“ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœ- 
ืžืึธื ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, -- ื ื‘ืืฐื•ื•ึผืกื˜ืข ืžืขืœืงืขืจืŸ. ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก? 

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืื–ืืงืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ 
ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืฒึทืกืข ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืึธื“ื ืข: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืขื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืจืื™ืึธื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ืื ื“ื ื™ืขืคึผืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื ื“ืึธืŸ, ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื ื“ืขืœืขื’ืืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืžืืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืœืขื’ืื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคึผื•ื™ืขืจื™ื! 

ืงื™ื™ืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจืื’ืขืก: ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ 
ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžืขืœืงื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ 
ื–ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืกืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฐื•ืฒึทื ื˜ืจื•ื™ื‘ืŸ? ืงื™ื™ืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•- 
ื ืขืžืขืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื’ืœืื˜-ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืขืžื˜ืข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ื”ืึธืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื–ื•ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืœืื˜ืขืจ ืžืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ืก'ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆื˜ ืžืืžืขืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืžืข ื‘ืืคึผื•ืฆื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ... ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืืฃ ืืœืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก ื’ืขืœืืกืŸ, ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจื“ืข. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื›ืฉืื“, ื‘ื ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืืฐืึธื ืข -- ื›ืืคึผืŸ 
ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื’ืจื™ื™ื–. 

ื“ืขื ืกืืžืข ืขืจื ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืœืข ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœื“ืึธืกื’ื•ื˜ืก. ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื ืœืขื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื•ื™ ื ืจืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืœื™ืžืื’ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืงื™ื™ืœืข ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ 
ืงืึธืŸ. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืงืœืึธืฅ-ืงืืฉืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื 
ืžืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฐื•ึผื ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ: 
ืฆืขืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืื–ืืงื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ืขื’, ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื 
ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง. ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืงื–ืืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื 
ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืงืื–ืืง, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ื ืคื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืึธื›ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. ื™ืขื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืงืื–ืืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืœืข ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื–ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ืฉ ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜. ื ื’ืœื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜. ืงื™ื™ืœืขืก ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืื ืฆื™ืงื•ื ื’. 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืฉื•ื-ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืงืื–ืืง, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืงื™ืจื™ื™ ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. 

ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ึผืงืกื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืงืื–ืืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ืจื™ื™ ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื ื™ื˜- 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืขืจ ื–ืื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš-ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื›ืึธื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืกืืจืคืข 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืกืืžืข ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ืึธื ื’ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ื ื“ืืจื™ื ืงืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืจื•ืžืคึผืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผืœืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืคื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผืœืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื–ื™ึทื ืข 
ื›ืขืกืจื•ื™ื ืขืก, ืงื™ืจื™ื™ ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ื™ื˜ืจืข ืงื•ืงืขืœืข, ื 


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ืงื•ืงืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืก'ืžืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืื–ื ื“ืืจื™ื ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคึผืœื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืฒึทืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืžืืžืขืฉ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื˜ืืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ: 

-- ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ื™, ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืขืจื“, ืคืœืื ืฆืŸ ืฐืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ, ืืฑื™ืกื›ืึธืฐืขืŸ 
ืคื™... ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜. 

ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืงื™ืจื™ื™ ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืœ. ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“-ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ืจื™ื™ ืื™ืฐื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื›ึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ื˜ืึธืŸ? 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’: 

--- ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ! 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืืงืข ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื˜ืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืืœืขืจื™ืกื˜' 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืืœืข ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืจื•ื™ึดืง ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืื–ืืงื™ืฉืขื™ 
ืื•ื ื™ืคืึธืจื, ืึธื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืขืจื“. ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ืึธืคึผืฉืืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืึธื’ืขืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•' 
ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื™ื 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืึธื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ึทืง, 
ื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคื™ืก ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, ื’ืขื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ 
ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืจืึธืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง: ืื ื•, ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ื ืึธืจ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืืœืขืจื™ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื•ื™ 
ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืจื™ึดืขืก. ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื, ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืจื“ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ื. ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืึธื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜- 
ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืฆ 
ืคื™ืก, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื ื“ื™ืง ืืจืึธืคึผื˜ืจืฒืกืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืจืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืขืกื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื’ืขืจ ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ึทื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื•ื•ืขืง. 
ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื’ืขืจ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ ืืœื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืฆ 
ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืืจืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืขื ืข. ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืึธื˜ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจื™ืฉ ื ืงืœืืค ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื’ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืจื•ืงืŸ, ื ื’ืœืขื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืš 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืึธื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืฒื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืจืึธืคึผืขื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคืขืจื“ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืจื•ื™ึทืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืึธื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืงืฒึทื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื ืฉืคึผื™ืœื›ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก ืฉืฐืขืจื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ืข ืœืึธื–ืขื ืขืก. 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ืข ืงืื–ืืงื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ืืจื˜ ื‘ืื’ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ืฆื™ืงื•ื ื’. 

-- ื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื’ื™ื˜! 

--- ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื’ื™ื˜! 

--- ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื™ึธื“... 

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืงื™ืจื™ื™ ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ. 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืคืืจืฉืขืžื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ื˜ืฒื™ึทื ืขืŸ: 

--- ืกื™ื™ึทื•ื•ื™ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืš ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜. ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ึธืจื˜, 

--- ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืš ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืขืœืขื’ืืฆื™ืข! 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ? 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืฐืฒึทืœ ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– 
ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื–. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜-- ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื–ืฉื™- 
ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืื–ืืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ื™ืฆืข ืฆื™ืžืœื™ืื’- 
ืกืงืื™ื, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืืœืก ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข ื“ื™ ืงืื–ืืงื™ืฉืข ืื•ื ื™ืคืึธืจื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“-- ืืœึผื– ืค 
ื ืกืืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜. ื•ึธ 


81 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื–ื•ื ื™ืงืŸ ืžืื™ืึธื•ื•ืข ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืฆืขืจืขืžืึธื ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืžืœืขืจ ืงืื–ืืงืŸ ืฐืขื˜ 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื, ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืคืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ. 

ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ... 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืงืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ืกืืจื™ืื˜. 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืฑืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืฒึทืข ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืื–ืืงื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืฐื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืงืื–ืืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ื™ืฆืข ืฆื™ืžืœื™ืื ืกืงืื™ื. 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืงืื–ืืงืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืขื ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืืฃ ืงื™ืจื™ื™ ืื™ืฐืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืœืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื”ืืฉืึธืจืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืื–ืืงื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื›ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜, ืฆื™ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืืคืื ืขืžืขืกืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืกืงืื“ืจืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืื–ืืง ืืฃ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืคึผื™ืจื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืืคืงืข ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 

ืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืข: ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ื ืึธื›ืฉืคึผื™ืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืืคืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ 


ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 

ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ, ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืขื ืข ืึธืงืึธืคึผืขืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœืฅ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ. ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื- 


ืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ ืืœืข ืกื ืืจื™ืื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜, ืืœืฅ 
ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธื™ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืœื™ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ... ืขืคืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ. 


ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข, ืื–ื, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื ืขื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ื™ ืฆืขืคึผ ืฆืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ -- ื“ื™ ืœืื ื’ืข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ื”ืึธืจ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ 
ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงื ื™. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื”ืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื˜... ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืก ืงืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš -- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ... 


ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ, ื“ื™ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ืข ื“ื™ ืกืืžืขื˜ืขื ืข ื’ืจืขื–ืขืœืขืš, ืฐื™ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ 2 

ืขืก ืืฒึทืŸ ื ืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ื’ืœืื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ืกืœืขืš-ื˜ืขืจืคึผืงืŸ ืจื™ื™ืขืš. 
ื’ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ืฆื•ืคึผ ื ื’ืจืขื–ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื ืขื ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืกืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืื ืงื•ื™ื-ืงื•ื™ื. 
ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื ื‘ืจืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืงืœืขื ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืžืขืŸ.. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ 
ื™ืœื™ื‘. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ -- ืืคื™ืœืข ืฐื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืข ืื™ื– ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื ื™ื™, ื’ืจื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจืขื–ืขืœืขืš. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข ื‘ื•ืฉืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืฉื ื™ื™-ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ, ืฆืขื’ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืš, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืกื˜ื•: ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืืœืงืข ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืึธื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข ื’ืจืขื–ืขืœืขืš ืฐืขืœืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ืงืจื™ืฉื˜ืึธืœ-ืจื™ื™ื ืข ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื ืก. ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจืึธื– ืื™ื– ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืœืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื˜. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’-ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ืงืขืžืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื’ืœืขื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ื–ื•ืžืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื–ื•ืŸ ืกืืจืคืขื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืื ืขื˜, ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื’ืจื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืžืขืงื ื“ื™ืงืข. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื 
ื’ืจื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื˜, ื–ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืข ืื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื”ืขืจ ืืœืข 
ื˜ืึธื’, ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืข ืฆื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื”ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื ืขื›ื˜. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฉืึธืขื ืœืื ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ. ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคืืจ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืข ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืก, ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉ ื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืข ื˜ืจืขืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื- 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืก. 


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ืคืขืจืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ืกืึธื“. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื–ื•ื ื™ืงืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืœ. ื–ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข. ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ื’ืขืคึผืขื ื˜ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก 
ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืขืŸ: ,ืืš, ืฐื™ ืก'ืฉืžืขืงื˜!" 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื‘ืจื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ืงื•ื™ืœ... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ 
ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ. ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืคืœืืžื˜ืข ื‘ืืง. 

-- ืคืขืจืขืœืข, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ. -- ื–ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ.. 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ, -- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืื™ื. ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืœ 
ื–ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ 
ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ: ,ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ,,.* 

ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื›ื˜ืŸ ืงืœืืก, ืขืจ -- ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืืœืข ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืืคืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ืœืึธื–ื“ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืืจืžื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื–ื™ื•ื•. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื™ื: 
,ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ --- ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืขืœืข...* 

ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข. ื“ืึธืก 
ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ื™ืจื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืงืœืขืžื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืข ืื™ื–, ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืขื - 
ื“ื™ืง, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืง-ืคืจื™ืฉ. ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขื ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืงื•ืฉ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืขืจ ,ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ?. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข ืื™ืจ ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ. 

ืกืื›ืืงืœ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื“ืืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื“ืืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข. ื“ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืข ืฆืขืคึผืขืœืขืš, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื ืขื–ืœ... 

-- ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืื–ื ื ืขื–ืœ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ. --- 
ื ืงื•ืจื ืึธืกืข ื’ืึธืจ. 

-- ื ื™ืฉืงืึธืฉืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืœืงืข ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, -- ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืœืขืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืงืขืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ืคื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื ืขื–ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ. 

ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ืฐื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื˜ืืงืข, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜? ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืื“ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืง. ืคืขืจืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ ื ;ืื•ื™, ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉื™ื ืงืข, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ืึธืคึผื ืืจืŸ? ืžืข 
ืงืึธืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, ืืฃ ืืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก". ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข-ืžืืžืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ: 

;ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืข... ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ... 

;ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืฃ ,ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ!* 

ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ืคื™ืœ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœืข ืฆื• ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ. 
ืก'ืคึผืืกื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ? ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜, ืื– ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ. 

ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜? ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืื ืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ-ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ 
ื˜ืื ืง ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ื ืขืจ, ืงืœื™ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืžืจื•, ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืขืจ, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืขืจ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ? ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™-ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืœื™ื™ืคื˜ ืœืขื›ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ ืงื ืขืคึผืœืขืš ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ื™ืฉืข ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืžื ืืก- 
ื˜ื™ืึธืจืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ื‘ืขืกืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืืฐืขืง ืืคืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ึผ 
ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. ืฐื™ ื–ืฉืข 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ? ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ,ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ื”ื™ื˜ 
!ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ?. 


83 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜. ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ืขืจื˜, 
ืฐื™ ื ืึธืš ืืŸ ืขืจื“-ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืฐืขืง ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜, ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืืงืข ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: 

,;ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ...* 

ืคืืจ ืื™ืจืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœืข ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึถืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจื–ืึธืจื’ื˜, 
ืฉื˜ืขื -ืงื‘ 7 ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทื’ืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืฒึทื“, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืขืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืขืงื•ื™ืขืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืคืืจื™ืึธืกืขืžื˜ืข ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืขืก. ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืึธื›ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ึทืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ืคืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ, ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืžืขืจ, 
ืฐื™ ืืฃ ืื™ื. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืฃ 
ื’ืึธืจ ื’ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ืกืืจื™ืื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขื ื˜. ืคืืจ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืขื ืกื™ืข, ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื ืคืึธืจ ืฉื™ื›ืขืœืขืš ืคืืจ ื ืงื™ื ื“, ื 
ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ, ืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืŸ ืžืืจื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื–ืืง ื”ื™ืจื–ืฉ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข 

ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื. ืื– ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื–ื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ 
ื–ื™ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืฉืฒึทืขืš ื“ืขื ื ืขื–ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ึทื’ื˜, ืื– ืžืืœืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื›ื˜. ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืึธืก 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ-ื• ืขืœื˜, ื”ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ืื ืฆื™- 
ืงื•ื ื’, ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜... ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ!.. ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืืจืคืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืืฉื‘ืจืื–ื•ื”ืื˜, ืึธื˜ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืื ื- 
ื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืื ืงืขืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ืงืืคืขื˜ ืฉืงืขืœืข... ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ. 

ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ืืœื˜ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืฉ. ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจืœื•ื™ื‘, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืืฐื•ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• 5 ื‘ืืœืงืข ื•ืขืฉื˜ืืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืข 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก.. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืœืืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืง. ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืœืื ื’ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ: ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง. 

ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืง ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืข. 

--- ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื”ืขืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. -- ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืจืฒื™ื˜ืŸ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ, ืฐื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืœืื ื’, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฆื• ืœืื ื’, 
ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื - 
ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ. 

--- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžืกื˜ื• ืื”ืขืจ? 

-- ืื™ืš? ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข... 

ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกืึธื“, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ 

ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. 

-- ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, -- ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืืœืงืข. 

-- ืื™ืจ?.. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. 

-- ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ, ืฐึทืœ... ื ื•, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ... 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข, ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข, ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื ื’. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง: ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. 

-- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ. 

--- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ? 

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก. 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืš. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ -- ื‘ืขืจืœ, ื ื•, ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ื“ืึธืš, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™. 


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--- ืื™ืš ื ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ? ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ? ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ? 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’: ืคืืจืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืืฃ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ? ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื‘ืื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜? ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื›ื”ืืœ- 
ื˜ืขืจื™ืข? ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ? ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืจืฒึทืข ื˜ืขื’. 

-- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. -- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืืงืขืจืขืจ. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš! -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืืฃ ืื™ืจืข 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข- 
ืจืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืคืืจ ื“ืจืฒึท. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ. 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, -- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐื™ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ื–ื™. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ. ืฐื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ? 
ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ! ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ... 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคืข ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืกื™ืงืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื 
ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืขืคืขืก ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืก... 

-- ื ื•, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜... 

--- ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืฉืข ืจืขื“, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข: ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื™ื™. 

ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ืคึผืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ, 
ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ, ื“ืึธืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข, ืื‘ื™ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืึธืคื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก? ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืŸ ืคึผืืจ. 

-- ื ื™ื™ืŸ... -- ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ, -- 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ. 

.ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉืข ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ? ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืงืœืืก ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื˜ืขื ืฆืขืจืŸ. ื ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืข, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš.. ืื™ื ืขื ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื 
ืคึผื™ืœืึธื˜. ืื•ื™ืš ื ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืื›ื˜ืŸ ืงืœืืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืขืกื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื•ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ืคึผืขื“ืื’ืึธื’. ืžืขื’ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ? ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜! ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜. ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ -- ื ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืืงืขืจืขืจ. ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ?" 


ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜-ืคืืจื”ืื ื’ืขื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ 3 
ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืคึผืืกืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœืก ื‘ืขื˜ืœ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืจืขืฉื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื’ื™ืš ืื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆื™ืžืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื’ืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ. ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื˜ืื ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ ื ืจื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคืœืื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ. ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ? ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ืืš, ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก! ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ, ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืืงืข- 
ืจืขืจ! ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš. ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืจืฒึทื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืืคื’ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืึธืจืฐืขืกืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ. ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื™ืœื˜ืข ืขืจื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืคืืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืึธื˜ 
ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจืฅ-ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืจื™? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก. 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืืงืขืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ. ืงื•ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื™ืืจืžืขืก, ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœืขืš, ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜? ื ื•, ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ื™ืฉืœ, 


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ืคึผืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื˜ื™ืงืข, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก. 

-- ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ? 

-- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื– 
ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš. ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืืคืงืข, ืื– ื‘ืขืจืœ, ื ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš... 

--- ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืจ... 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืก... 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•? ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜, ืขืจ ื–ืฉืืœืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš. ืฐื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืข. 

ืคึผืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื”ื‘ ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืืœืข ืคืืจื‘ืŸ. 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืืงืกืœ. 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™. ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื, ืื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ืฉืคึผืืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

--- ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืงื•ื™ื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก. 

--- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืฉ 


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-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, --- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ. ืคึผืขืจืœืก ืึธืจืขืžืก, 
ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜, ืฆื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. -- ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื•ื™, ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ื“ื•, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ืื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื• ืื™ื --- ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜! ืืฒึทื™, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ื™ืฉืœ. 

ืคึผืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืฉืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฒื™ื ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜. ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืื•ืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ืงืœืขืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. ืืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขื• 
ื–ืฉืืœืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™. ืขืš, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ... ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืœื™ื’ืขืจืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ? ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืืจื•ื™ืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืื™ืจืข ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืขืกื˜ืข, ื ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข. 

-- ื ื, ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขื˜ืœ, ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื• ืฐืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ืœื™ื ืขืก, ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœืก. ืคืื ืืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื™ืืจืžืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืฉืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. 

--- ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ? ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. 

-- ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 

--- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก? 

--- ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ?.. 

--- ืื•ื™, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš. ืœืึธื– ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜... 

ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธ 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ-ื™ืืจื™ื“, ื ืžื™ืŸ ,ืงืึธื ืกืงืข ื˜ืึธืจื”ืึธืฐื™ืฆืข*ื–. ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืฉื•ื-ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื– 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืึธืœืงืŸ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจืขื“ืข. ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืฉืข ืจื•ืงื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงืขืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึธืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืง? ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื ืฐืฒึทื– ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ืืฒื™ื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜? ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ืึธืŸ ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื˜ืขื’ ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืงืขืจ, ืึธืคึผื’ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜-ืฆื• ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืคึผืืฉืข. ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืืจืžืข 


1 ื ืคืขืจื“-ืžืืจืง. . 


6 


ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื–ืฒื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืฆืงืขื˜ 
ืื™ื™ื ืข ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜-ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืขืก, ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 

--- ืื•ื™, ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื”ืึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ 

-- ื™ืื ืงืœ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืœ? 

-- ื™ืื ืงืœ, ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ืงื•ืง, ื“ื™ ื™ืืจืžืข ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืขื ื’. 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืื– ืืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ื™ืข ืฐืขื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ืžืœื“ื™ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื , ื‘ื™ืžืงื•ื™ื ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืœ", ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื --- ื™ืขื ืข ืคืจื™ื™- 
ื“ื™ืงืข ืฆืขืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืืœืข ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืฆืขืจืฒึทืก ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜? --- ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ. --- ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ. 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ. 

ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื›ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืคืืจ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื - 
ืจืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืžืื›ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคื•ื™ืขืจืฉืข ืกืงืจื™ื ื™ืขืก:! ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืฐื•ึผ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืข, ื”ืืœื‘-ืฆืขืฉืึธื˜ืขื ืข ืงืืกื˜ื ืก. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื 
ื”ืื ื˜, ืงืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ. 

ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข ืื–ื ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจืฉืŸ ื˜ืืจืืจืื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืœืฒื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืื ืืก ื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. 

-- ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืฐืึธืจื ื™ืขืก ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ึผื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, -- ืื™ื– ืขืœื™ืข ืึธื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ืคึผืื ืืกืŸ, -- ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ 
ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš? 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ื™ืข, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื’ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืื ืืกืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืจืขืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฆื“ืึธื“ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขื , ื’ื•ื˜-ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ". ืคืื ืืก ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึธื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื: 

-- ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜. ืื–ื ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ืข ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ... 

--- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ืข? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข? ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืœืข ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืขื ื™ืงืขืก ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืค- 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. 

--- ื“ื• ื”ืขืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ื›ื˜? 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜, ืื– ื“ืขื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื”ืขืคื˜. ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ื ืฐืึธืš. ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืžื’ืขื‘ืข ืฐืขื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืฆื•ึผื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื™ืึธื’ืŸ. 

ืคึผืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืึธื ืœื•ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืคืืจืคึผืืœื™ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข 
ืงื•ื˜ืฉืขืจืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืฐืขื“ืœื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคืืจืžืื˜ืขืจื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื- 
ืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ืคืืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื ื™ื˜, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืืœืฅ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ืœืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•, ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืืœื“ื–, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืจื•ืงืŸ, ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื• ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื•ื–, ื–ื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืฐืฒึทืœ -- ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ, ืคืืจ- 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ืข, ื ืึธืจ 


1 ืงืืกื˜ื ืก (ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉ). 


67 


ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฐื•ึผืจืฃ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜: 

--- ื ื•, ืื™ื– ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ. 

--- ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึธ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืœ. 

ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืคืืจ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ืขื’: 

-- ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึธ! 

ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืืจืืจืื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืืจืžืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื›ื˜ ืงื™. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ 
ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ. ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื™ 
ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืืฃ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ื“ืึธืจืฃ. 
ืืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืขืจืขืฅ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืืฒึทื ืจืขื›ื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืื ืืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. ืžืข ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื 
ืงื ืขืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื•ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ 
ืงื™-ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ? ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืืงืขืจืขืจ. 

ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืืงืขืจ-ืคืขืœื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ ื•ื•ื™-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืืœื‘ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื‘ ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืื ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืŸ 
ื˜ื•ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื™ืœืฆื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงืœืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืึธืžื‘ื›ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจืข 
ืคื™ืก. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืœื•ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 6 ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขืฆืฑื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ- 

ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคื™ืก ืืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืืœืŸ ืืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื 

ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธื›ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“ืŸ. ืคึผืื ืืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื• ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ: ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก. ื ื ื ื˜ืึธื’. ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื˜ืขื ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืจืขื•ืขื˜. 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืงืก ืงื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืœื•ื’, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืื ืืก ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ ื ืคืืจืžื- 
ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’. 

-- ื–ืขืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ื’, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืืžืขืจืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ื“ืจืฒื™-ืคื™ืจ 
ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ื ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืœ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ื ื™ืงืขืก. ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฆื™ ืืœืข ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก ืฐืขืœืŸ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•. 
ื ืกืžืขื ืข, ื ืงื• ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื“, ื–ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืืงืขืจ. 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ืืฃ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ืงื•ื™ื ืื•ื•ืขืง, ื“ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ื’, ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงื•ื™ืœืขืก. 


ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ? ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ 4 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. ืฆื™ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคืึธืจืฐื•ึผืจืฃ, ืฆื™ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขื ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืื™ื™ื ื–ืื, ืฆื™ 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ื‘ืœื™ืง... ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ -- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. ืฆื•ื’ืขืจืืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืืœืข ื˜ืึธื’ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืฉ ืืฃ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืก ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืœืขืš. ื“ืึธืก -- ืฉืŸ 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื™ืขื ืขื. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ื ื™ื˜ 


8 


ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜. ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืกืข ืจื™ื™ื“, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืงืืฐืึธื ืขืก. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ืฆื• ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ -- ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืืžื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ. 

-- ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ? ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“? 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืงื• ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืค. ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ื•ื•ื™ืฆืœ ื˜ืึธืš: 

-- ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึธ, ื‘ืขืจืœ. 

-- ืื– ืžืข ืœืขื‘ื˜, ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ! 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง. ,ืœืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืฆืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ -- ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืึธืฃ!" ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึธืจื•ื“ืขืฐืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœืฅ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ืกืืš ืคืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื’ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืข- 
ืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก, ืฆื•ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื•ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ,ืฆืึธื‘ืข* ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ- 
ื“ื™ืง-ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื, ืื– ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื–ื ืข, ืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขื ื˜ืœ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืœื•ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื’ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื• ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜, ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื’ืขื–ื™ื“ืœื˜, 
ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ื’ืขืžื•ืกืขืจื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื•ื•ื™ืฆืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™. ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™, ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜. 
ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜. -- ืื•ืŸ ืกืžื™ืงืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื ืืœื™ื”ืื˜ืฉืขืก. ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื ืึธืš, ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืคืจืฒื™ึทืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืฆืึธื‘ืข!.. 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื–ื ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ื•ื™ื™ืš, ื–ื™ ืขื˜ืขืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ ื ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ- 
ืงื•ื•ืืœ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’, ื™ืึธืจื ืœืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื™ืขืš, ื“ืขื ื˜ืื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ืื™ืจ ืฆืืคืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื. ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืขืจื“ ื ืกืงื™ื‘ืข ื ืึธืš ื ืกืงื™ื‘ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. 

ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืจืฒื™ึท ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืืฃ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฆื™ืจืง, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืœื•ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื–, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื˜. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื–ื ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื›ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืืงืข, ื•ื•ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคื™ืœื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื•ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜? ื ื•, ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื›ืŸ 
ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืœืขืš! 

ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื˜. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธ- 
ืจืึธื–ื ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื ืœื•ื™ื‘ 
ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืคืืจื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ. 

--- ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ... ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜? 

--- ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ืงืขื’ืŸ ืงืึธื”ืึธืœ ื˜ืึธืจ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜-ืขืจื ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืฒึทื ื˜ืœืขื›ืก. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื– 
ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืืคื’ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉืคืื ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืคึผืœื•ื’. ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืขื ืขื ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ 
ื’ืขืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืงื•ื™ืขืš. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ืข ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ื•ื™ ืคึผืขืจืœ 
ืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ื’ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™, ื“ืึธ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื ืขื 
ืคืืจืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืœื•ื’. ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื•ื’. ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื–ื ืข. ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืœื•ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ. 

-- ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขื ื˜ืœ? ื“ืขื ืืงืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื”ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš 
ืืฒึทืš ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. 


69 


--- ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. 
-- ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. 
-- ืื– ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืฒืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ... 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื. ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื ืžื™ื“ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื. 

-- ,ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ, ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ!? -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš. -- 
ืœืึธืžื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืืœืฅ ื ืฒึทืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ื›ืขืกืจื•ื™ื ืขืก. 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœืขืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืงืขืฐืฐื•ืขื˜, ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ื ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจืฉืข ืกืคึผืจืืฐืข. ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืœื•ื’ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ. ืคืืจื–ืฉืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืขืš. 

-- ืื‘ื™ ืžืข ืืงืขืจื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืŸ ืคึผืœื•ื’, -- ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐืึธืจ- 
ืคืขื ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืกืืจื ื”ืจื•ื“ืขืก. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืงื™ืœื™ื ืข. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ? ื ื ืฒึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืฆื• ืžื•ื˜ืฉืขืŸ?. 

ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจื ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื ืืœื™ื”ืื˜ืฉืขืก. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ 
ื‘ืขืจืœืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ" 
ื–ืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื™ืง-ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืจืขืžื“ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“? ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ? 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜? 
ื ื•ื™ืกืข-ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื‘ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? ืคืืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืืฑื™ืกืคึผืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ? ืคืืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธ 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒื™ื–ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืคื™ืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจืฒึทืš. ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ึถืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ... ื•ึผ 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืœืขื ืขืจ. 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืงืึธื˜ืขืง ืขืกื ื•ื•ืืจื’, ืื™ื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืค? 
ื ืึธื›ืงื•ืงืŸ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™, ื˜ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ. ืฐืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ ืงืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฐืขื–ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืึธืŸ! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ: ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื ื™ึทื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงื• ืื™ื– ืื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžืขื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ื™ ืฐื™ืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื’ื˜. ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืžืื›ืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™: 

--- ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื”ื™ื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ื™ืงืก? 

-- ื“ื™ ืงืืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ. 

--- ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฉืคึผืืก. ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืžื™ืœืš ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก? 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื›ื•ืฅ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื ื™ึทืขืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืขืฃ? 

--- ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื• ืขืก? 

-- ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื›ืืจืึธื˜ืข ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ. 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื. 

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ื‘ืขืจืœ. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ? ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ, ืื™ื– ื 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื’ืขื–? ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข 
ืื™ื– ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜?. ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข? 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืืจืŸ! ืื•ื™, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื™ื“ืœื˜, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข, ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืงืœืขืคึผ. 

-- ื“ื• ืœื™ื’ืกื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื–ืขืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, -- ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื›ืึธืกืŸ. 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื ื›ืึธืกืŸ, ื›ื-ื›ื-ื›ื! 


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ื“ืขื ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื”ื™ื™ื ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื‘ืขืจืœ 
ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ 5 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜, ืื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืฐืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืจืืžื˜. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ืขื ื˜, 
ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืืคืŸ ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืงื™ื ื“. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืคืจืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข ื ืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื“ื™ืง ืฉืคึผื™ 
ื’ืขืœืข. ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขืคืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืขืœืข ืฉื˜ื™ืคืขืจื™ืฉ ื ื‘ืœื™ืฉื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืจืืœืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜ ื ื”ืขืœ-ืฐืฒึทืก ื”ืขื–ืขืœืข. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืžืื˜ืงืขืœืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื. ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 
ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืจื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืกืžืืœื™ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืฆืขืจื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืœืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืฉืคึผื•ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆื›ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืื ื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆืึธืคึผ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืžืึธืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืืคื™ืœืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. , ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- 
ืคืืจืืŸ ื ืกืืš ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืข. ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข... ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ?..* 

ืืฃ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืฉืขืง ืฆื• ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืžืึธืœืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•, ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืžืขืจ ืžื™ืœืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืฉื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜. ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ึดื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ 
ืงื•ื™ืฉืœ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืืจื’, ืฐื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื“ืฒึทื’ืข ืคืืจ ืื™ื. 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืคืขื“ืขืžืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ. ื–ื™ 


ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืืœืฅ. ืขืจ 
ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ืคืขื“ืขืžืœ 
ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ... ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜: ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ื ืึธืš ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข, ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืœื“ ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคื•ืœืข ืฉื™ืกืœ 
ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ื‘ืึธื“. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืื–ื ืœืืฉื˜ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืคืจื™ืฉืงืฒื™ึทื˜. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืจืืคื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื”ืื ื˜ืขืš ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืข ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื–ื ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืงืืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืœื˜ื•ื•ืืจื’. 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ --- ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ ืกืืžืขื˜ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทืกืฆ 
ืžืื ื–ืฉืขื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ ืงืขืœื ืขืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืข ื˜ื•ืคืœื™ืขืก ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืึธืคึผืฆืืกืŸ --- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืคืœื™ืขืก, 
ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ืขื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜. ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืึธืคืขื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืงืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืคืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ ืืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืคึผ. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืคึผืืกืžืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš. ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฆืืคึผืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืข, ืฉื•ื™ืš 
ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืขื ืข ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“. 

ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืงืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคึผืœืฒึทืกื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆืขื˜ื™ืœื˜ 
ื–ื™ ืืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ. ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืืงืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืฆืึธืคึผ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืื ืึธืคึผืขื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืขืžืขืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื ื“ืจืขืžืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืžืขืœืข ืื™ื– 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื›ืฆื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ 
ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ ืืœืฅ. 


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ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื ื‘ืœืขื ื“ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง. ืืฐืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ 
ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ. 


ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืจื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ 8 
ืืœืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ: ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืื™ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ 
ื–ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืจื™ื ืข ื™ืขืœืŸ, ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ 
ืคืึธืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืฃ ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœืข ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ื“ืขืžื‘ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืœืื ื’ื–ืื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•" 
ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึธืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืจืฑืกืœืึธื–ืŸ. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืงืข ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื ื•ื•ืืœื“? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžืงื•ืงืŸ. 
ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืื•ืคื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ื“ื• ืœืขื‘ืกื˜? ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืคืืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. ื”ืขืจ ื ืžืฒึทืกืข, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื–ื•ื•ึผื ื“ --- ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื•ื™ ื ืงืœืึธืฅ. ืื ื•, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ! 

ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืก ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืืงืกืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš, ื ื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื˜ืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื•ืŸ, ืฆื•- 
ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืกืŸ; 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืง? ืื•ื™, ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. ืื ื•, ืกื™ืžื•ืœื™ืื ื˜, ืฉื˜ืขืœ 
ืคื™ืก, ืื™ื™ื ืก, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ื“ืจื™ื™... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ืืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืกืคืืœื˜ื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืืฃ ื ืคึผืืจืื“, ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ื˜ืื ืงืขืŸ, ืžืึธื˜ืึธืฆื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืืกื˜-ืืฐื•ื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœืŸ, 
ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผื™ืงืขืฐืขื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ืŸ. 

-- ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืฃ --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื ืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœืขืš-ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืื, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืžื–ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 

ื›ืื–ืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืฑ 

ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื•ืคื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื 
ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืื ืงืขืŸ, ื”ืืจืžืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก, ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืจื™ืœืฅ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜. 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืžืฉื˜ืื ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. 
ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐื•ืฒื™ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. 

--- ื“ื• ืฆื™ื™ืœืกื˜? --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ืฆื™ื™ืœ, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

--- ืฆื™ื™ืœ, ืฆื™ื™ืœ.. 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื–ืืš, ืื– ืกื™ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืฐื™ ืืฑื™ืกืฉืคึผื™ืจืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื ืฉืœืื›ื˜-ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืข. ืœืื ื’ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืœื™ื•ื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ืคืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืืฃ ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจืขื’ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ื ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืืฑืกืงืœืึธืจืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืคืจื- 
ื’ืขืก, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ, ืคืฒื™ึทื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ื“ืื˜ืขืก, ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ... ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืžื’ืขื‘ืข. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืื˜ืขืก. ืื– ื–ื™ื ื˜ 
ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืืฃ ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜, 
ืื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืคึผืืงืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ,ืขื ื–ืข":, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–. ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืจื•ื™ื ื˜ืข ืกื•ื›ืขืจืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืื ืคืŸ. ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ, ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจืึธื ื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ; 

-- ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ! ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืจื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจืขืŸ. 


ื’ ื“ืึธ -- ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืฒึทืŸ. 


72 


ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืืฒึทื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื 
ื ืื›ื˜? ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก --- ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข -- ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื“ื˜ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. 

--- ื“ื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจื ื˜. --- ื“ื• ืžื•ื–ื˜ ืืœืฅ ืคืืจ- 
ื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื‘ืืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื–ืฉืืžืืŸ, ื–ืฉื™ื’ืืŸ, 
ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ. : 

-- ื–ืืงื™ืจ... 

-- ืžืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืขืฅ. ื–ืืงื™ืจ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื•. ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืจ. ื ื•, ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื–ืขืจ ืืฒึทืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฒึทืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื ื“ืจืขืžืœ. 

ื ืึธืจ ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ึนื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข 
ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขื ืœืขื“ืš, ืฐื™ ื ืคึผื™ืงื”ืึธืœืฅ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืงืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื™ื: ื˜ื•ืง-ื˜ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ืง-ื˜ื•ืง. ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืคื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืกื™ื’ื ืืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืืจ- 
ืงืขืจ, ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืžืขืจืœืขืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’: ื˜ื•ืง-ื˜ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ืง-ื˜ื•ืง. 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื˜ืึธืขืก ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืจืขืฐ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื–ืจืขื›ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ืœืื ื’ืข ืงืึธืœืึธื ืข... ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข. ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข! ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื–ืขืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื ื”ื™ืœืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜: 

--- ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ! ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ! 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืืจื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜-ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฐืึธื™. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืฃ ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง. ื“ื™ 
ืงืึธื ืฐืึธื™ึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื™ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ืขืฅ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื™ืฆืข, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฐื•ื˜ืึธืžืื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. 

--- ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ! ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ! 

ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืงืœืขืคึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืึธื ืข ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืคืืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›- 
ื“ืขื ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคืื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงืœืขืคึผ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงืจืืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืžืฉื˜ืื ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข. 

--- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜? --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื‘ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 

-- ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืš ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜. 

-- ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? ื“ืจื™ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ืฆืขืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข.. 

--- ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš... 

ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ืžืขื”ืืœืขืš? ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื 
ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ? 
ืืœื ืคืืœืก, ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื˜'ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืงื™ืฉืขืฃ. ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืึธื ืข ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื - 
ื‘ืœื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืคืืœืŸ, ืฆืขืฉื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš. ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉืึธืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืคืœืขืงืŸ, ืืคืŸ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’. ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธื ืฐืึธื™ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืืœื“ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•-ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื’ืข- 
ืคืื ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกืขืจืฒึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. 

-- ื–ืืงื™ืจ! -- ืื™ื– ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธืจื˜. --- ืขืš, ื–ืืงื™ืจ, ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืขืก 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ. 

--- ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืฆื•ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืงืืจืื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืงืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ืœืŸ. -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื ืขื ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ /ืžื•ืฉืงืข". 

ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื“ืืจืคื˜ ื‘ืืฆืฒื™ึทื˜ื ืก ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ืžื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืกืœืึธื–ืขืจ ืฉืœืื›ื˜. 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืžื’ืขื‘ืข ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ืœื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื’ืข- 


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ืคืื ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืžืึธื˜ืึธืฆื™ืงืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ื, ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจ ื ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฐืึธ, ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืกืคืืœื˜ื™ืจื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื•ื™ืกืงืœืืคึผื ื“ื™ืง ื˜ื•ืง-ื˜ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ืง-ื˜ื•ืง. 


ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ืœืื’ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื’ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ 7 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžื™ืŸ ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข-ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ,ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜-ืงื•ืจืกืŸ" ืกืฒึท ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข, ืกืฒึท ืคืืจ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื–ืขืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืงืืคึผืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื•ื™ืคืœ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืก ื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืงืœืขืคึผ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ืœืื’ืขืจื ื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืก 
ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืคึผืขืœ. 

ืžืขืจ ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื–ื™ื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜: ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืฉืืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืŸ ืœืื’ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ 
ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง. ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื 
ื ืฒึทืข ืงืึธืœืึธื ืข ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืงืืจื˜ืึธืคืœ-ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ืขื ื’ืขืจ. 

ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืฑืจืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืข. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื‘ื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ -- ืืฑืกื’ืขืžืึธื’ืขืจื˜ืข, ืคืืจื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืข ืคืขื ืขืžืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืœืื ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐื•ืืฉืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข, ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื ืœืื ื’ื–ืืžืขืจ ื’ืื ื’. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืœืึธื•ื•ืข ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืฉื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ืœืืžืคึผืืกืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš, ืื™ื– ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื–ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืœืืžืคึผืืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื›ืžืืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ื ื–ืึธื’: 

-- ืงืื–ืืง, ื“ืึธืŸ, ืื™ 

ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ืขื˜ ืืฒึทื ืคืืœืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืื–ืืงืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš, ืื•ื™ืกืคืœืื ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื•ื ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืจืขืกื˜ืขืœืข. ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืกื˜ืขืœืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืงื•ื•ืืกืขื˜ืข ืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืœืข. ื“ืึธืก ืฉื ื™ื™ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืงื ืืคึผืก. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจืฒึทืคืขืœืขืš ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒื™ื ืฆื™ืงืฐืฒึทื–. 
ืžืืžืขืฉ ื ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ! ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ื ืฐืฒึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืจืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืืจื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืืฃ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉื ื™ื™. ื™ืขื ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ,ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜-ืงื•ืจืกืŸ" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงื˜. ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก, ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข, ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืืฃ 
ืžืฒึทืจืขืฐื•, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฆื•ืงืขืจ-ื–ืืฐืึธื“. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“, ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื“ื˜, ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ื‘ืื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜, ืฐื™ ืคืืจืงื™ืฉืขืคื˜ืข, ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื›ืืคึผื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ 
ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– -- ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื‘ืื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ. 


.ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื•ืฉืงืขื˜, ืฐื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ืขื’. ื“ืึธืก ืคืจืขืกื˜ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืŸ ืคืจืึธืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื 
ื˜ืจื™ืฉื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืึธืคึผ- 
ื”ื™ืœืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื•ืฉืงืขื˜: ,ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ, ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ". 

ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืœื™ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื‘.. 
ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื‘, ื ืคืืจื“ืขืงื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™? ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ืขืคึผืœ:! ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืฐื•ื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ; 

-- ื ื•, ืจืขื“ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, -- ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ... 


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;...ื”ืขืจืกื˜ื•, ืžืืœืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ... ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœื•ื’ืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ, 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื ืืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ, 8 
ืืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื ื ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื ืฉื™ืงืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’. 
ื˜ืคื•, ืืฃ ืžืฒื™ื™ึทื ืข ืกืึธื ื™ืžืก ืงืขืคึผ. ืฐืึธืก ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืจ, ืžืืœืงืข, ื“ืขื ืกืคึผืึธื“ืขืง? ื“ื™ืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ 
ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒื™ึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืข ืžื™ื™ืกืขืก. ืื•ื™, ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ... ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืœื•ื™ืžืข-ื”ืืžืขืœืขืš 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜... ื™ืึธ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฉืœื•ื™ืžืข-ื”ืืžืขืœืขืš? ืื– ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขื 
ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ! ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ื• ืžืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœืข ื™ืขืฉืฒึทืข-:ื”ืื ืึธืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืฐืขื”ืึธื™ืึธ ื‘ืขืื›ืจื™ืก ื”ืึดื™ืึธืžื™ื...! ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ึนืžืขืŸ ืื–ื ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข 
ืื›ื–ืึธืจื™ึดืขืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื›ืฒึทืขืก ืฐืขืœืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื. ืื•ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืœืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืึธืฃ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืืฉืขืŸ 
ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืืœืงืขืœืข, ืื– ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฐืฒืฒึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืœืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืึธืฃ.. ื“ืึธ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขืฉื™ื™ืข-ื”ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข. ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืŸ, ื™ื™ึดืžืืš ืฉืžื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ืกื™ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื˜ืืงืข ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืืคึผืฆื•ืœืึธื›ืขืก ืืœืข ืกืึธื ื™ื, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึธื“, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึธื“... ืื‘ื™ ื ืœืฒึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ืืงืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ. ืฐืึธืจืขื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ื• 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึธืฉื™ึดืขื›ืก 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ? ืื™ืจ, ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืš 
ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืฉืคึผืืจืŸ?.. 

ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืœืงืข ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืืงืข ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืจ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ืจืขื“ืŸ ืืงืขื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ืฉืคึผืืจืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก... ืื•ื™, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืืจืฒึทื - 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜! ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ ืžืืš ืขืคึผืขืก, ืื– ืžืืœืงืข... 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื‘ื™- 
ื–ืึธื™ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš? ื ื•, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจืฉืข ืคึผืœื™ืึธื˜ืงืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื’ืขืจืŸ, 
ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ืืžืึธืœ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื˜ืื˜ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืื˜ืข ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจืก ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข? ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ืžื™- 
ืกื˜ืืžื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจืืŸ. ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขื? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ 
ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืืจืŸ, ื ื˜ืื˜ืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ ืืคืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ืง! 

ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงืขื’ืŸ? ืื“ืขืจืื‘ืข, ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืข- 
ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ืงืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข 
ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ? ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ ืžืืš ืขืคืขืก. ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜! ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืื™ืจ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืก ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜. ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงื ืืงืขืจืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ!" 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืึธืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืึธืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืฐื™ ื ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื˜ืขื ืขืจ, ื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข. ืึธื˜, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™, ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก. 

ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืžืืœืงืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืคึผืืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–. 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜. 

;ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•, ืžืืœืงืข-ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื ื–ืึธื’? ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ืžืื›ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืืงืข ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืข ื–ืืš, ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื’ืžืขืก-ื ืขืคืขืฉ? ืฉื, ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก,. ืžืืœืงืข, ืžื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืฆืขืก. 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ? ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืืœืžืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ืงืขืก, ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ? ื ืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก, ื ืงื ื™ืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก 
ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืขืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ 
ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก: ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึธื›ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ื“ื• ื˜ืจืื›ืกื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ื’ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. 
ืื ื•ืžืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•, ืฐืึธืก 


1 ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื. 


79 


ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื–ืึธื’ื˜... ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืกืฒึทืฐื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื ืžืฒึทืกืข ื ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื- 
ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ, ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, ืื– ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื ืืฆื™ืข, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜", 

--- ื™ืื ืงืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก ืคืืจืคืืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ? ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืึธืฉืŸ! 

ื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื•ืฃ, ืฐื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ ืืฒึทื–ื ื‘ืจื•ืš. ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ 
ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื”ืขืจ? ื™ืึธ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ืืฒึทื–ืŸ ืืฃ ืคึผืจืขื ื˜" 
ืœืขืš. ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืœืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื“ื˜. ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืžืืœืงืขืŸ -- ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ืžืฒึทืกืข ืึธืŸ ื ืกืึธืฃ. 

ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจืขืžืขืง ืคืืจื–ืฉืืฐืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ, ืฐื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข. 

-- ื™ืึธ, ืืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข. ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜. 

ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ืื– ื™ืื ืงืœ ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜: ,,ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš". ื™ืื ืงืœ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ? ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 
ืื– ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข... 

-- ืขื˜... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื ืžืืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœ 
ื‘ืจื•ืš, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜. ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 

ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงื•ืขืš, ืฐื™ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžืืœืงืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืืงืข ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืœืืฉืงืขืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืš 
ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜-ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื˜ืึธื’ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืื•ื•ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ื•ื ืขืœืข ืฐืขื˜ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ: 
,ืžืืžืข, ื‘ืืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืืœืข". ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืœืืฉืงืข ืงืึธืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ. 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืš ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก, ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–. ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืจื•ื™ืก. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึนึผืึธืจ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ ื ืคืขืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ื–ื™ื™ืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•. ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืžื“, ืืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืืœืš. ื ื•, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก 
ืคืืจ ื ื•ื•ืืฉืขื ื™ืฉ? ืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืึธืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืžืึธื–ืึธืœื™ืขืก. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืคึผืืœืืฉืงืข 
ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืกืœ ืงืืœื˜ืข ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืคื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜, ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ืžืขื›ืฒึทืข. ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื™ 
ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื ื’ืœืขื–ืขืœืข ื‘ืจืื ืคืŸ. 

ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื ืึธืจ 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื–ื•ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืขื ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜. 
ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคึผืืœืืฉืงืข. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคืืœื“ืขืฐืฐื•ืขื˜ืข ื’ืฑื“ืขืจืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืฉืžืขืงื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขืžืขืจ ,ื‘ืขืกื™ื“ืข'?. ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื›ื™ืง ืงื•ืงืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™- 
ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื–ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืึธื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืฐื™ืึธืง. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืคึผืืœืืฉืขื ืงืข?.. -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ื™ื™ืš ืงืึธืœ, ื’ืขื‘ื ื“ื™ืง 
ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื• ื ืงื•ืง. 

ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ื–ืื ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ืœืื ื’ืึธื ื™ืงืŸ, ื˜ื™ืฃ 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง, ื™ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื–ืฉืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืคึผืืœืืฉืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ื– 
ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื˜ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜, ืืฃ ืฆื• ื›ืืœืขืฉืŸ. ืืจื•ืžื’ืข- 
ื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืจื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืฉืขื ืขื ื’ืขืงืฐื™ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ืขืš, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ 
ืคืขืœื“-ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื ืฒึทื™ึทื ืงืข ืื™ืงืึธื ืข. 

--- ืฐื•ึผ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ ืื–ื ืžืขืฆื™ึดืข? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื ืฉืคึผืืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

--- ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœืขืžื˜, ื“ื•, ืื ื˜ื™ื›ืจื™ืกื˜! 


? ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš (ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉ). 


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-- ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜, ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืกื˜ืืจืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืื– 
ืžื™ืจ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื–ืฉืขืก, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš... 

-- ืื•ื™, ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ... ืžืข ืžืขื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜-ื–ืื›ืŸ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืืœื˜? -- ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืึธืคึผืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืฉืคืืก. --- ื–ืึธื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื‘ืืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืืฆืงืข? 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืืฆืงืข! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืœืืฉืงืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ. -- ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืื™ืงืึธื ืข 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ืฃ. 

-- ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ืฃ? --- ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–. --- ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš? ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš 
ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืžื•ื•ืืฉืŸ? ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื™ืขื–ื•ืก ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืึธืฐืขืœ, ืื™ื– ืžื™ื™ืœืข... 

-- ืื ื˜ื™ื›ืจื™ืกื˜! ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ื ืฐืึธืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื ื™ื•ื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื– 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ืขื–ื•ืกืŸ ื’ืขืงืจื™ื™ืฆื˜. 

-- ื™ืขื–ื•ืก, ื™ืขื–ื•ืก, -- ืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš. -- ืื•ื™, ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืœ, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขื–ื•ืก. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉื ื•ืจ. 

--- ื˜ืคื•, ื˜ืคื•, ื˜ืคื•, ืืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืกืึธื ื™ืžืก ืงืขืค. ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื™ืงืขืจ, ืฆื™ ื“ื• ืžืื›ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืœืึธืžื™ืš ืขืก 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

-- ื ื•, ื”ืึธื“ื™. ื“ื™ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขื–ื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคึผืื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜. ืกืฒึทื“ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ื ื’ืœืขื–ืขืœืข... 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืืœืืฉืงืข, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื™ืœื˜ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ 
ื ื’ืœืขื–ืขืœืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืžื•ื˜ื™ืง ื ื’ืœืขื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื™ืฆืข. 

,ืื•ื™, ืฐืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื”ืึธืจืขืฐืข ื˜ืึธืŸ.." ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ 
;ื‘ืขืกื™ื“ืข?, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš. 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. 

-- ื˜ืคื•, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื•ื–ืืง. --- ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืขื“ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ 
ืงืจื™ื’. ืžื™ืงื•ื™ืขืš ื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืœื™ื‘ืข. 

ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉืžืึธืœ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืคืืจืคื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืคึผืึธืกืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฉืฒึทืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ืื– ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉ- 
ืงืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืืœืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื“ืขื 
ื”ืืžืขืจ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื–ืื™ืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ,/ืื•ื™, ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, 
ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข! ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื•. ืื–ื ื‘ื™ื–ืึธื™ืขืฃ! ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข. ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื–ื ื™ืข, ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืฃ!" 

ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ืื ืงืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“, ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–. ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืืฃ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืคึผืขืจืœ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ, ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก ื ื‘ืฒึทืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ืฐื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืฐื™ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื- 
ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธ. 

--- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืืฒึทืš. ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ? 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืง, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ืฐื™ืฉ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืจื‘ืœ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืœื“, ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืœื“, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœ... ืคึผืขืจืขืœืข, ื“ื™ ืกืฐืึธื“ืงืข! 

ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืคึผืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื“ื™ ืกืฐืึธื“ืงืขืก ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจืฉืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืœื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืืกื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืžืึธืก. ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื™ืงืื•ื•ืข, ืฐื™ ื–ืขื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. 

-- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜!: ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจืฒื™ืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ืฆื™ื ื“ ืื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื ืœืขืžืคึผืœ. ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜, 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ... ื ื•, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื’ืึธืจ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคืึธืจ- 
ื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ื ืฉืžื™ื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ. ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืขืก ืืฒึทืš? 

--- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜, --- ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ืืคืŸ ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ. --- ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื? 


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-- ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื?,. -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ, ื ืจืฒึทื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื 
ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. -- ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื? ืืš, ื™ืึธ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื. ื ื•, ื™ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ" 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจืก, ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจืŸ. ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืœื“ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืืฐืฐืข ื˜ืึธืฃ 

ืคืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืืจื•ื, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื•ืžืœื˜. 

-- ืื•ื™, ืกืื˜ืขืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืœื“ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ -- ื–ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ึนื™ึดึดืœ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ืฐื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืก ืžื™ืš ื ื˜ืจืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฉื™ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืข ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืื˜ ืขืก ืžื•ื– ื“ืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื™ ื ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื. ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืข! ื‘ืืœื“ ืžืืš ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš 
ื–ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข!.. 

ืคึผืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื›ืœ, ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืืกื˜. 

-- ืื•ื™, ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ!-- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื›ืืค ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืื ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคืœืืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืงืŸ. -- ื“ื™ ืกืฐืึธื“ืงืข, ื“ื™ ืกืฐืึธื“ืงืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง. ื ืึธืจ 
ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืืœืฅ ืืฃ ืื•ื™ืกืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง. 

-- ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืฐืึธื“ืงืขืก. 

-- ื ื•, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึทืงื˜, -- ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜, ื›'ืฐื•ืขืœ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืกืžืขืœืงืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงื•. ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืืงืขืจืŸ ืคึผืืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืขืจืขื“ืข. 

ืื– ืคืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื ืฐื•ึผื ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ: 

-- ื ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ! ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ. 

-- ื ื•, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ... ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ึทื™ืš?.. 

ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐื™ ืืฑืกื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. ืคืืจื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื 
ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืคืกื ื™ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืงืŸ ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑื™ืกืงืœืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ,ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš?*. ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืจื™ื–ืขื˜ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’: ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ 
ืกืขืจื™ืึธื–ืฉืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข. 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืคืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜. 
ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ืฃ ื ื ืฒึทืข ืงืืฉืข: ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืก ืคึผืœืฑื™ื ืขืกื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืœืืฉืงืขืŸ. 
ืฐื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœื™ืืคืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื–ื•ืกืŸ? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš? ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืขืกืœืขืกืŸ! -- 
ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื. -- ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืืฒึทืš ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืขืคืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ืก, ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึธื“. ื ืึธืจ ื”ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื–ืืงื•ื•ืืกืงืข, 
ืฐื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ,ืคึผืขืจืขื–ืฉื™ื˜ืงืขืก":. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ... ืื™ื– ืึธื˜, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืืžืข. ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืื™ื– 
ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžืืกืงื™ื... ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืžืืกืงื™ื. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข... 

;ื™ืึธ, ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืจืข. ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืฃ --ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื’ืขืžื•ืกืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, -- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืจืข, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื˜ืขื•ื•ืข ืคืืจืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื–ืืงื•ื•ืืกืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ,ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืขื–ืฉื™ื˜ืงืขืก", ื‘ื™ื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขื ืื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ". 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžืืจืฉ. ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืžื ืืกื˜ื™ืึธืจืงืข 
ืฆืขืฉืคื™ืœื™ืขื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืืงืกืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืข ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš -- ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ื ืฉื™ืกืœ ืงืืœื˜ืข ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ! 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜: 

--- ื ื•, ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก, ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื™ื˜ืฉ? 

-- ืคื™ื ืฃ ื”ืขืงื˜ืืจ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ 
ืžื™ื™ื ื˜. --- ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ื”ื? 

-- ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืงืœืขืจืกื˜ื•? 

--- ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ... 

-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, 
ื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ;ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ" ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื–ื, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื ืื•ื•ืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข 


1 ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืขื›ืฆืŸ (ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ). 


* 78 


ืขืจื’ืขืจืข ืฆื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื ืกืืš. ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง. ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง... 

-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, -- ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. -- 
ื˜ืืงืข ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืืจืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ. 

ืคึผืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืžืขืจ ืžื™ืœืš. ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืคึผืืœื™ืขื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื›ื™ื™ืŸ- 
ืคื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืžื™ืœืš-ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื ืก. ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ 
ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื˜ืก, ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžืืœืงืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืœืงืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื ื’ืœืึธื– ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืข ืžื™ืœืš?--ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืœ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ 
ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธืŸ. 

-- ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. -- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื 
ืคืืœ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืขืคืขืก ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจืก, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ืžื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉืžืึธืœ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืœืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง. ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฐื•ึผืจืฃ 
ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืคึผืขืจืœืขืŸ: ;ื–ืขืกื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ืฐื™ ื“ื• ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืกื˜? ืคืืจืŸ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ื ื‘ื™ื–ืึธึดื™ืขืŸ". 

ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ: 

-- ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจืŸ? ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ืžื™ืงืึธืœื ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. 

-- ื‘ื™ื˜ืข, -- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืก? ืคืืจืฐื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืš. 


ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื ืžื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืžืืœืงืขืŸ: 

;ื”ืขืจืกื˜ื•, ืžืืœืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืื“ืขืจืื‘ืข, 
ื–ืึธื’ ื“ื•...* 

ื ืึธืจ ืœืื ื’ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืฉืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื. 


ืื™ื™ื ืก... ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™... ื“ืจื™ื™. 0 

ื“ืจื™ ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื– ื ืฉืึธ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธ ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืขืงื˜ืืจ. ื™ืขื“ืข ื“ืจืฒึท 
ืฉืึธ ื ื”ืขืงื˜ืืจ. ืคืืจ ืคื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ืฉืึธ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ืื›ื˜ ื”ืขืงื˜ืืจ. ื ื•, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ืฉืึธ. ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืงื˜ืืจ ืคืืจ ื ืžืขืกืœืขืก! ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืกื˜, ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ืฉืึธ ื ืžืขืกืœืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืฐืึธืš ืฆืฒึทื˜... 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืคืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื–ื‘ืขืœืข, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึดืง. ืื™ื ื“ื•ื›ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืงื™ืœื˜. ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ื•ืกื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืกืŸ. 

ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื”ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ? 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ? ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืกื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ืฆื• 
ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ืขื›ืขื˜ ืขืก ืื–ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืจืข-ืงื™ื™ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืฉืข ืจืื˜ืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขื 
ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืืœืึธืฉืขืก. ืึธื˜, ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื›ืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืขืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ 
ื”ื•ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜. 

ืื™ื™ื ืก, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ื“ืจื™ื™... 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™. 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืฉื ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“, ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜. ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืื ื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜. 
ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืคืืœื˜ ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืคืืœืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื ื“ืจื™ื™. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืžืฒึทืกื˜ืจืขืฐืขื˜ ืขืคืขืก ืขื ืœืขื›ืก ืืฃ ืงื•ืœื™ืขืก. ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืงื•ืœื™ืขืก 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื™ื™. ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื™ืขืก ืงืจื™ื›ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš. ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืึธืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื‘, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื“ืจืืคึผืขืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืœืคื™ืฉืข ื’ืจื•ื‘ ืื™ื ืขื 
ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ, ืื•ืžื‘ืื•ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ. 


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! ืžืขื•ืข. -ืŸ 


ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜. ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงื ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ.. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ--- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืคื•ืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื›ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ? ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ --- ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ!:. 

ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ. ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืึธืจ ืžืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜. ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืึธื˜, ื ืึธืš ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข, ื ืึธืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืืกื™ืง ืึธืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ. ืื™ื™ื ืก, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, 
ื“ืจื™ื™... 

ื ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืึธืš ื ื˜ืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ. ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื™ืขืก ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงื ื™. ืžื•ื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ื”ืืœื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืฉืœืขืคืŸ. 
ืืœืฅ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืœืฒึทื“ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืคึผืœ. ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืคืฒึทื›- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜ืขืจ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ--ื ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ. ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ-ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ. ืขืจ 
ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื, ืคืืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜, ื“ื™ ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืœืฒึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื™ื™ 
ืงืฒึทื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ -- ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืคึผืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš. 

ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื 
ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ืคืืจื ืขืคึผืœื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืกืึธืฃ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ... 

-- ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื“ื• ื˜ื• ื ืึธืจ ื ืงื•ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืกื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš?! 

ื”ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ, ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื ืขืคึผืœ, ืฐื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ืื, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืกืืš ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ. ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคื™ืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข, ืฆืขืคืœื™ืงื˜ืข ืฐืึธืœืงื ื“ืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“. ื 
ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืขืจื“. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืึธื ื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆื™ืงืข ื‘ืขืจื’ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ืืœื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืœื™ื›ืขื•ื•ืื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ ืืจืึธืคึผ, ื•ื™ ืงืจื•ืžืข ื˜ืจืขืคึผ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ -- ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืขื ืข ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก. ื”ืขื˜-ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื’ืœืื ืฆื˜ ื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืง-ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ื ื’ืจื™ื ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืœ, ื ืคืืจื’ืึธืกืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืจืืœืŸ. 

ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืคืืจืงื™ืฉืขืคื˜ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ืฉืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืกืืžืข 
ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืœืื ื“, ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืœืื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืžื™, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื•ืขื’. 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ 
ื”ืืœื“ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜. ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ? ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ 
ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจืึธืคึผ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืฆื™ ื ืกืึธืฃ? ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืงืข? 

-- ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืก... 

--- ืื ื•, ืœื™ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš,.. 

-- ืขืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื™ืคืฆื˜, ื‘ืืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื•ื•ื˜ืŸ, ืคืืจ- 
ืฉืฐืึธืœืขื ืขื ืคื•ืก, --- ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืจื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’... 

-- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืžืขื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜, ืื‘ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš... 

-- ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืฃ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ื ืึธืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? 

-- ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™... -- ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื•ืืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืฉ. -- 
ื“ื• ืžื•ื–ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึธืคึผื–ื•ื›ืŸ. : 

-- ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึธืคึผื–ื•ื›ืŸ. ื“ื•... ื“ื• ื–ืฒึท ืจื•ื™ึดืง. ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ. 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื“ื™ 
ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื•ื•ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ. 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ึดืง, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. 
ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ 


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ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜... ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื”ืขืจ. ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืืจื˜ืขืก ื“ืึธืก 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื”ื•ื™ื›ืœืื ื“. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜... ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’... ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื“ื• ื•ืขืกื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื”ืขืจ, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื• ืื•ืŸ... ืื– ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื–, ื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืข, ืฆื™ ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข... 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ -- ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืžืข ื’ื™ื™ื˜... 

...ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขืกืœืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. 

-- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื•? ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? 

-- ืจื•ื–ืฉื™ื ื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื. 

-- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืก. 

-- ืจื•ื–ืฉื™ื ื! --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™. 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื™ืึธ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜ 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ืจื•ื–ืฉื™ื ื... ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืข ื”ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. 

-- ืจื•ื–ืฉื™ื ื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. -- ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืื ื“ืจื™ื™? 

-- ืขืจ ืœื™ื’ื˜, ืื ื“ืจื™ื™, ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ? 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜. 


ื ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืฉื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืข ืงื•ื˜ืฉืขืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ 0 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืข. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ!.. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข 1 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ, ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืงืŸ ื’ืึธืจ, 
ื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึธืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืฉื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืข ืœืื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ: ,ืจืขื“, ืจืขื“, ืกืฒื™ึทื•ื•ื™ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ . 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืกืฒึทืฐื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืกืืš ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื ืกืืš ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜". ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืขืจืœืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื• 
ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืงืื–ืืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืœืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ื™ืฆืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื? 

-- ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืœืข. 

--- ื“ืึธืš... ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืœืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ? 

-- ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ? 

-- ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ? ื ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืฉื™ืง ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ. 

-- ื ื•, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ืขื“ื™ืข. ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ?. 

ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืฉื™ืง ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืืžืขื•ื•ืื˜ืข, ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืก: : 

-- ื ื™ืขื“ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ ืจืขืžืœ. ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืึธื™ืขื ืงืึธืžืื˜! 

-- ืืš, ืื–ื•ื™... ื ื•, ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึดืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึดืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš... 

ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืฉื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื–ืึธื’: 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš?.. 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืกืขืจื™ืง ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก: , ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื ืืจื˜, ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื ืืจื˜...* 

ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ,ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜* ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื›ืฉืื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืžืฒึทืกื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขื“ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉืจืฒื™ึทืขืŸ, ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜! ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื™ึดืง ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืžืฒึทืกื™ื, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ 
ืคื™ืก, ืืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ.. 


81 


--- ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืฉื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ" 
ืœืื ื’ื˜ ื ื’ืœืึธื– ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื–ื•ืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืืจื’ื ื–ื™ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื ืง, ืงื•ื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜: 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ? 

--- ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึทืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜. ื ืึธืš ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืคืจืื’ืขืก. ืฐื™ ื‘ืืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืืฒึทืš ืึธืŸ? 

-- ื ื•, ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืืžืึธืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš? 

-- ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“! 

--- ื ื•, ื ื•, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ, ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื™ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜... 

-- ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜? 

-- ืจื•ื™ืงืขืจ, ืจื•ื™ึดืงืขืจ. ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ... ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข 
ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืกื™ืจื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ -- ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš? ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ืœื˜ 
ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš: ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 

-- ื ื•, ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš. ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 

--- ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜! ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืจืขื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜! 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคืจืขื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื˜, ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขืฉื•ื ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืจืึธืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš: ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœ ืืฃ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื ืื•ืžื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจืฆื• 
ื ืึธืš ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžืขื ื•ึผื•ื•ืœ ืืจืฒึทื™ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืืจ ื ืฉื•ื˜ืขืคื˜ืข, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื–ื™ 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก ื ืกื•ื™ื ืข... ืฐืขืจ ื–ืฉืข ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžืขื ื•ื•ื•ืœ, ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ? ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ? 
ืื– ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืœืื›ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸืฃ 


4 ืฆ = ืฆ =-ื™ืข-ืฆืŸ ืฆืŸ 


ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ, ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืคืืจ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™, ืื™ืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืฃ 


! 46 ืขืŸ 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜, ื•ื™ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜, ื’ืขืคืึธื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื›ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื–, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ืคืืจ ืืœืขืงืกืฒื™ ื ื™ืงืึทืœืฒืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉืฃืŸ 

;ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ืื™ื, ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœื™ื™ืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ? ืื™ืจ 
ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืื–ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืคืขืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก?" 

ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื 
ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, 
ืื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก? ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ? ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ? ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜! 

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืข ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึทืœื™ื™ืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜- 
ืงืฒึทื˜: 

-- ืขืš, ืฐื•ืขืจืึธื˜ืฉืงื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืžืื›ืกื˜ ื ื’ืœืขื–ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ื˜ื™ื™... 

ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืข ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื‘ืื 
ืกื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ื ื•, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉืื“ื›ื ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข. 

ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืขื’ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืขืŸ, ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ื’ืขื–ื•ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธื– ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข, ื‘ืจื™ึดืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ืืจื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ืืฃ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ 
ืืฒึทืŸ. ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืจืึธื˜ืฉืงืข 
ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื”ืื ืึธืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืึธื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืžื™ื ืข, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืกืืžืข ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื˜ืกื˜ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืฐืขืจืขืŸ: ;ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ?" 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: 

-- ื ื•, ื ื•, ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึดืง ื–ื™ืš. ืขืคึผืขืก ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ?.. ืฐืขืจืึธื˜ืฉืงื, ื‘ื 
ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื’ืœืึธื– ื˜ื™ื™? 

ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฐื™ืฉ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 

-- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื? 


82 


-- ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืกืืšืฃ. ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ื ืฆืืคึผืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ , ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ". ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืœืึธื– ื˜ื™ื™, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜. 


ืกืงื™ื‘ืขืก, ืฐื™ ืฆื™ื’ืœ, ืฐื™ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ืขืจ. ืœืืžืคึผืื˜ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ืข ืคืขืœื“---ื ืžืขืฉื•ื ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธื ื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื“ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืฐื™ 11 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืขืก, ืกื ืืจื™ืื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ, ืฆืขืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืœืฒึทื™ื“ืขืจื˜. 

ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜ืข, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ. ,, ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข: ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš ืืงืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ืืงืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืฆืข- 
ื“ืจื•ื™ื‘ืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืืฃ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืขืš, ืžืื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื›ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืคื™ืก 
ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ื– ืฆื• 
ืฐืึธืก ืžืื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืžื™ืš ืืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื“ืขืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ 
ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืžืขืœื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ..." 

ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืกื˜, ื’ืขื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงื™, ื’ืขื›ื•ื™- 
ื–ืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ืงืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืžื™ืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืคืืจ ื ืคืขื˜ืจืขืฉืงืข. ืื™ืจ ืืงืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื“ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืื›ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. ื“ื• 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืืคึผืืงืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ืŸ. ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ, ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื“ืขืก ืืฃ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš. 

ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื ืขืจื˜, ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื‘ืœื™ืฅ, ื ืึธืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืคืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื›ื™ืฆืข, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืขืจื“ืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืืจืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜, ืฐื™ ืืœืข ื˜ืึธื’, ืืฃ ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืข ืคืืจื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข 
ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืขืœื˜. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืืจืŸ. ื“ืขื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ืงื ืืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžืืžืขืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ. ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ื™ืง-ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืืฉ ื ื’ืึธืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ, ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ. 


ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืงื™ื‘ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืขื’ืŸ ื’ื™ืกืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ. ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื”ืขืจื˜. ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื ืืกืขืจ, ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ืจืขื’ืŸ: ,ื ืึธืš! 
ื ืึธืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ!* ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกืงื™ื‘ืข, 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื˜ืข ื”ืจื•ื“ืข. ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืืจืึธืคึผื˜ืจืฒืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ื’ืขื–ื•ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืข ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ื•ืžืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืืฉื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ื ืข, ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืจืึธืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืก ืึธืคึผื ืขื“ื•ื ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ืกื•ืจืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขืงื•ื™ืžืขืก. 

ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉืืฆื˜ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ื“ืขื ืจืขื’ืŸ, ืกืฒึท ื“ืขื ืจืืฉื™ืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš, ืกืฒึท ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜, ืื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืก ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืคื–ื™ื›ื˜. ื ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึดืงื˜ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืจื™ืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื“ืขืจืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– 
ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืืฒึทืœืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืคึผืข ืืคืŸ ืืงืกืœ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜. 

ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื ืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ืจืฆืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ. ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืฆื™ ืืจื•ืžื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื™ ืื•ื™ืกืžืขืœืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•, ืฆื™ ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื“ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืจื™- 
ืกืขื ืข ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืœืขืš, ืฆื™ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข. ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืื•ื•ืข ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืืคึผืข ืืคืŸ ืืงืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ?.. ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ื‘ืขื›ื™ืคึผืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ 
ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœืื ื’, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ; 
;ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก, ื›ืึธืœื™ืœืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ!" ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ื ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–, ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ 


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ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ืื ืื ื“ืขืจ -- ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ื“ืขืจืงืึธื›ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืข ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืœืขืš, -- ืื•ืŸ 
ืžืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“. 

-- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜. 

-- ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืืจ? 

-- ืื– ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจืข? 

--- ืื•ื™, ืืŸ ืื›ื–ืขืจ. 

--- ืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืก ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš? 

;.ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš... ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš... --- ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ 
ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. --- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืขื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืคึผืข, ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐื•ื™ ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื•ื™, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ! ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื›ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื›ื–ืขืจ ืืฃ 
ื–ื™ืš. ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึธืŸ ื ื”ืืจืฅ. ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืจื•ื™ืง ืืจื•ืžื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ืฉืืจืคื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืžืขืกืขืจ?" 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ... ืึธื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžืขืกืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืฉื ื™ื˜ ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘. ื‘ื ืื™ืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘... ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื ืœืขืž 

;ื‘ืขืจืœ! ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜". 

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื’ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืจื™ื™ื˜-ืงืึธื ื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ื– 0 ื ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืืกื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื˜ืขืœืขืฆืขืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ืืฃ ื’ืึธืจื˜ื ื•ื•ืืจื’, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜. ื’ืข- 
ืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืŸ, ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืžืึธื”ืืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืข 
ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืื™ืึธืจ, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืฅ, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ืžื™ืึธื’ืŸ, ื˜ื•ืžืœืขืŸ, ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืคืึธืจืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขื“ืืจืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• 
ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืืกื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืก'ืคืืœืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืžืึธืœ ืื‘ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจื•ื‘ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ. 
ื ืึธืจ ืฐืขื“ืœื™ืง ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ, ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ. ืื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขื–ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืขืก ื‘ืื ืึธืคึผืฉืืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึธืจื˜ื ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™. ื‘ืขืกืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืืฆืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืืฆืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ืฉืืฆืกื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืข 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืงืขืฉืขื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ื“ืขืจืฉืืฆืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ.. ื ื•, ืื™ื ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืข 
ืžื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื ื™ืข 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜. ืขืจ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื. ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื ืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ. ืืฃ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ. 

ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ ื ืฆื™ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜. ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ- 
ืงืœืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื, ืื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฉืฐืขืจืขืจ 
ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืฐื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืฉืื“. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. ื“ืจืฒึท 
ืฉืึธ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคืจืขื’ืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฉืœืขืคืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’, ื“ืึธืš 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข 
ืคืจืื’ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื–ืฉ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ... ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขื 

ื ื•, ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื”ื™ื™ื, ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 
ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืคืืจืคื™ืจืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข ื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ: ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืžืึธืœืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืึธื“ืขืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ. 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจืืžื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ. ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื ื”ื•ื™ืฃ? ืžืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื•ืงืขืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืœืื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจืŸ 


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ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 


ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื”ืึธืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื ืขื ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืขืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ื‘ืื’ืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืคึผื–ืขืฆืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจืŸ. ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžืขืกืŸ 
ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขื–ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื 
ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฆื•ื ืคึผืœืฑื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ื‘ืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืคืืจืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ืžืฐืึธื’ืœืขืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืฒึทืกืข ืžื™ื˜ ,ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืงืŸ? ืื™ื ืืฃ ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืืฃ 
ืžืขืฉืืœื™ื™ืขืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื•ื™ืก, ืžืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜. ืืฃ ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืกื–ืึธืœ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ืกืฒึทืฐื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฃ ืื–ื ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ 
ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืคืืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื ืกืืคืข ืืคืŸ ืืงืกืœ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผืืžืข- 
ืœืขืš, ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ื•ื™ ืืฃ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 
ืžืขื ืขืจ, ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ --ืืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ืกืืคึผืขืก. ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื 
ืžื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธื ืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื. 

-- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ-ืึธืฐื ื˜! 

--- ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืืจ? 

-- ื ื•, ื™ืึธ, ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื“ืขืก, ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ... 

-- ืื•ื™, ืืŸ ืื›ื–ืขืจ!.. 

-- ืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืก ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš?.. 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ืืœืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ: 

;ื ืืจืึธื ื™ื! ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืœืข ืืจื•ื ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸื™" 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคืืจืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืœืฑื˜. ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื 
ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš ื ื‘ืขื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืคึผืข ืืคืŸ ืืงืกืœ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื ืžื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืคึผื•ืกื˜- 
ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘. ื‘ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืžืคึผืœ, ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ืฆืขื˜ืฉืื“ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ื’ืœืึธื–. 

ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืกืึธืคืงืขืœืข ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉืœืึธืฃ... ,ืงืœืฒึทืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก ืงืœืฒึทืขื ื“ืœืขืš". ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ืฒื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื™ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจื™ื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš: ,ื ื•, ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืื”ื™ื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืฒึทืขื ื“ืœืขืš?* 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. 
ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื“ืจืขืžืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ. 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืฒึทื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. 

-- ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืš ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜? ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ? 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื, ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. 

-- ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš? 

--- ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

--- ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ?.. 

ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจืึธื“ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืืžืขื•ื•ืื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ... ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜... 

--- ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 


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ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืžืฉื˜ืื ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš: 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜? 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื“ืจืึธื•ื ื’, ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื‘ืืœื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืจื™ื‘ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 

-- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

-- ืืš, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ---ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื“ื• 
ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื–ืขืŸ. 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ืฉืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ, 
ืืคื™ืœืข ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฃ ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ? ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ. 

--- ื“ืึธืก ื ืขืžืกื˜ื• ื ืžืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš? 

-- ืคืืจืืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ. 

ืืคืŸ ืกืึธืคืงืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื‘ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. 

-- ืขืกื˜ืขืจ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืฒืกืœื˜, ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจืขืฐืขื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 

ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืืฃ ืื™ื, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขืจืœ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฐื•ืขืงื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“, ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืก, ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืงืœื•ืžืขืงืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื™ืงืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ืื”ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 


ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืึธืกื˜ื™ื•ืžื˜ืฉื™ืงืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜, -- ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคืืจ ื ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ 


ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคืืจ ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข. ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืข, ื’ืขื“ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš ื“ื™ 


| ืž 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืึธืฃ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ืื•ื•ืขืงืคื™ืจืŸ. 

--- ืžืืžืข, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ? 

-- ืฆื•ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ. 

ืคืืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜: ืฆื•ื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ 
ื–ืขืžืœื™ืื ืงืข, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ืขืžืœื™ืื ืงืข ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืข, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืžืœื™ืื ืงืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื”ืืœื‘. ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜, ืฆื™ ืžืขื’ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. 

ืืคื™ืœืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืœื•- 
ืžืขืงืœ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื. ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš. ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜. ื“ื™ 
ื”ืืœื‘ืข ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ื™ืขื ืข ื”ืืœื‘ืข ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืึธืจ, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืก, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืฆืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜. ืขืกื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขื ื•ื™ื ืงืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืขืœืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืœื˜ืžืึธื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข ื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื ืึธืจ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจ- 
ื–ืขืŸ ื ืงื•ืคืข ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืืžืคึผืื˜ืฉ. ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš: 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื ืจื•ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ? ื–ืึธื’ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง. 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ, ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜, ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื–ื ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืฐืึธื“- 
ืงืขืก. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืš, ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... ื ื•, ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ืงืขื ืกื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ? ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืš ืžืืš ืื™ืš ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืœืืžืคึผืื˜ืฉ.. 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืืžืคึผืื˜ืฉ, ื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืืžืคึผืื˜ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืงืœืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื– ื‘ื ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืœื•ืžืขืงืœ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื- 
ืžืขืœืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. 


-- ืื•ื™, ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื ืืจ! --- ืขืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืขืจืŸ. -- 
6 


ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืกืคึผืึธื“ืขืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืืžืคึผืื˜ืฉ. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขื ืขืŸ, ื”ื? 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜? ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืŸ. ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ? ืื™ืš ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึธืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืืกื™ืงืข. ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ ืืฃ ื ื‘ืืจืื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ืคื™ืจ ืืคืŸ ืžืืจืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืขืกืขืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืขืกืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ? ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ 
ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืคึผืื ืืกืŸ, ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืืงืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜? ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ, ืฆื•ื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก 
ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ? ื ื•, ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืฃ. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ืืจื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืŸ. 

-- ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ! 

--- ื ื•, ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ืžื™ื™ืœืข... 

ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืืœื‘ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืžื™ื“ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคืืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืคึผืข ืฆื™ื’ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ืึธื ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื™ืžืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื•ื™- 
ืจืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจื“ื•ืžืคึผื ืงืฒึทื˜. ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืก ืงื ื™. 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. 


-- ืึธื˜... ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืœื™ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื. 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ. ื“ืขื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืœื™ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ 


ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืฐื™ ืืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข. 

-- ื“ื• ืื›ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ, ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืฆื™ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ? ืฐื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 
ืืจื•ื, ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืื™ืš ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ? ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืขื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“? ื ื•, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ืš ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืข- 
ื“ืืจืคื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ? ื ื•, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืื›ื–ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ. ื ื‘ื™ื–ืข-ื‘ื™ื–ืื™ืขืŸ. ืžืข 
ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ... 


ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืืจืืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข 12 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข. ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜: ื–ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ, ื–ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจืคืœืืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืคึผืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืคึผืฉืฑ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื- 
ืจืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื’- 
ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ?.. ื™ืึธ, ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœืื ื’ืข ื–ื•ื ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื’. ื ืึธืจ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืขื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ. ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื™ื 
ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง. ืืจื•ื™ืกื›ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜. ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ืฉืข ืงืึธืŸ 
ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื™ื–ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื–ื ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜? ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ื•ื™ 
;ืื•ื•ืื ื’ืืจื“". ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ ื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืงื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ื ืžื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืฆื• ืื™ื. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืœ. 

ืึธื˜ ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ืืคึผืข ืคืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ืœืขืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ: ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืœืึธืงืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืฉื•ื•ืืš ื”ืืจืฅ. ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื? ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– ืขืžืข- 
ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื? ื™ืึธ, ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื. 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข. ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืคึผืืงืขื˜? ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, --- ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืข- 
ื˜ืืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืืงืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธ, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜. ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก 
ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜? ืขึถืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ ืืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืฐืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ... ื™ืึธ, ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืื•ื•ื™- 
ื“ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ! ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืœื™ืืฉืขื ืงืึธ, ื˜ืืงืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขืŸ, ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืืกืžืข, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื“ืขืงื˜ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืžืขื›ืื ื™ืฉ, 


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ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืฑื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜, ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“-ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ 
ื‘ืืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจ ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ. 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืขื ืฉืืค- 
ืงืขืœืข, ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื• ืื 
ืคืฒึทืขืจ ื ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ!" 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ื˜ื™ื™, ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืื– ื–ืืœ- 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ 
ืขืจ ืืฃ ืื™ื, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึดืงืข, ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืข ื ืขื›ื˜?ื™.. 

ื•ื•ืขืจื ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืจืฒื™ื‘ืœ, ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ. 

--- ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืฐืขืจืึธื˜ืฉืงื. ื“ื• ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš... ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœืขืŸ.. 

--- ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก?.. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก? ืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืš ื ืžืื–ืœื˜ืึธื•ื•... 

ื•ื•ืขืจื ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ื ื ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืžืืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืืคืŸ ืกืึธืคืงืขืœืข: 

--- ืื•ื™, ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ. ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ! ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธืคึผื ืืจืŸ? ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ื• ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืข. 

-- ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืขืจืŸ-ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ืขืจืึธื˜ืฉืงื. ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜... 

-- ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜... 

-- ื ื•, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜. ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ืึธืจ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืืจืฑื™ืกื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš 
ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืจื•ื™ืง ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ื”ื? 

ืื™ืŸ ,ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ" ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ,ื ืึธื•ื•ืข ื–ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื? ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. 

-- ืขืคึผืขืก ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ? 

--- ืฐืึธื“ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื•? ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืœืขืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื”ืืœื˜ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ. 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืื˜. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืขืจืึธื˜ืฉืงื... 

-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™. ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ. 

--- ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื’ื•ื˜... ืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉืึธ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื ื“ืจืขืžืœ. ืขืก ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ื- 
ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ. 


ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฒื™ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜. ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืื”ื™ื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืขืจืขื“ืข, ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืงืขืจืŸ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืงื•ื™ืžืขื ืก ืžื™ื˜- 
ืืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื–ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื–ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืš. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš. 
ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜, ื’ืขืฉืœืขื ื’ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืœืขืš-ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ 
ืคืึธืจื”ืื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืจื™ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืงืขื›ื˜ืกืŸ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืืœืงืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืข, -- ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข 
ืงื•ื™ืžืขื ืก. ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขื ื˜. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืข, ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข 
ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืงืึธืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืœืขืฐืึธื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื™ืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจืœืขืš. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฒึท ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืืกืงืขื˜, ืฆื•- 
ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐ. ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคืขืœื“ -- ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืžืื›ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื’ืข- 
ืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืฑื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธืคึผืขื˜ืขืก, ื ื”ืจื•ื“ืข 
ื ืึธืš ื ื”ืจื•ื“ืข. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืฉืขืจืขื ื’ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืก ืคืืจื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื–ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืืŸ ืขืกืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™- 


8 


ื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืš. ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืฐืึธืก 
ืืžืึธืœ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ืขืจ ื ืฐื™ืฉ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืง ืงืœืืคืŸ. ืœืื ื’ื–ืืžืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืœืื ื’ื–ืืžืขืจ. ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜. ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื›ืึธืกืŸ-ืงืืœืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ. ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืขืœื™ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืขืœื™ืขืก ื–ืขืžืœื™ืื ืงืข. 

ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ;ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘...* 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืžื•ื™ืจืข 
ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืฒื™ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืึธืคึผ ืืฃ ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธืœ. ืขืจ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ. ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืจืฒึท 
ืฉืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืžื™ื“. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงื•ืง 
ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืืจืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืฒึทื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ: ;ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜, 
ืขืกื˜ืขืจ". 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ 
ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื“ืขื. ืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืœื“ ืึธื ื™ืึธื’ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืก ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื– ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืฆืขืคืœืืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. 

ืืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื ืข ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืข ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื ื›ืึธืคึผื˜ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืœืก 
ืื•ืคื˜ื•. ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืคืขืœื“-ื™ืืก- 
ืœื™ืขืก. ืืœืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง, ืคืืจืฉื™ืงืขืจื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผื™ืฉืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. ื“ื™ ืคืื ืืกื™ื›ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื“ืจืขืžืœ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื- 
ืจื•ื™ื’ืขื–. ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืืžืขืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื’ืœืขื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืขืคึผืขืœืข, ืืฒึทื - 
ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืขื˜ืขืžื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ื ื™ืงืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ,ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ" ืื•ืŸ ;ื ืึธืฐืข ื–ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืขืจืขื ื’ืข. ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ,ื ืึธืฐืข ื–ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื", ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ;ืืจืขื ื“ืข" ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก 
ืฆื•ื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ,ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ". ื–ื™ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื ืื ื“, ื˜ืจืึธื›ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ. ื™ืื ืงืœ ื™ืœ ื“ืืคืงืข 
ืคืืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘, ืื– ืžืข ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ื™ืžืงื•ื™ื-ื›ืื–ืŸ. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืžืืœืงืข ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื, ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื ื–ื•ื ื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ื™ ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงืขื ื˜. ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืœื™ื“, ืฆื™ ืืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืข. ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื‘ืึธืžืงืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ืœ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฃ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืื ืฅ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ. ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกื“ื™ืง ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“ืœ. ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืคึผืขืจืœืก ืฉื˜ื™ื. 
ื–ื™ ื”ื™ืœื›ื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ. ืก'ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื‘ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข. ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืข. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜... 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืขื ืขื ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื˜ืื˜ืฉืื ืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืก ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜. ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜, ืืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ. ืฐื™ ื–ืฉืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜, ืื–ื ื ืื›ื˜! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธืฐื•ื ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ื ื! ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“. ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื–ืฒึทืŸ?! ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืื•ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื 
ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ืจืขื“ืข. 

-- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. -- ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืกืืคึผืข?.. 

ื ืกืืคึผืข ืื™ื– ื ืกืืคึผืข. ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข, ืงืึธืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ. 


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ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืžืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ 
ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืคึผืขืก. 

--- ื ื•, ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ืื•ื™ืก, ื•ื™ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’?.. 

--- ืœืขืงืึธื•ื•ืขื“ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐ?.. 

-- ืื‘ื™ ื ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื•. ื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ืข ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸืœ! 

ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืขืก ืืฑืก, ืื– ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืืคึผืข, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืฒืกืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื- 
ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื. ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ื ืกื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืกืฒึท ื“ืึธืก 
ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืืœื˜, ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฒึทืขืš ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืข ื–ืืš. 

ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืžื™ืงืึธืœืขืŸ. 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, ืžื™ืงืึธืœื, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื–ืืš. ืืœืข ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืืกืงืึธืžืข... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืงืึธืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืืœืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜. ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ 
ื ืขืžื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื–ืขื-ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ื–ืืœืžืขื ืก ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜. 

--- ื ื•? ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื–ืืœืžืืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ... ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜... ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜?.. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืฉ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื–ืฉื™ื’ื™ื˜. ืคืืจืืŸ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! 

ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืงืจืฒื™ึทื–, ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ 
ื”ืืœื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ืงืึธืœ. ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืœืื ื’, ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ 
ื’ืขื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื”ื™ื›ืฆืŸ; 

-- ืื•ื™, ื–ืืœืžืขื ืงืข ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ! 

ื•ื•ืขืจื ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืืœื˜, ืื– ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก, ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข ืฐืขื˜ ืขึนืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื›ืืคืŸ ื ื“ืจืขืžืœ? 
ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืฐื•ืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ืืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ืคืืจ ื–ืืœืžืขื ืขืŸ. ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื ืขื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื’ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื‘ืืจืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ. 

-- ืืš, ืฐืขืจืึธื˜ืฉืงื, -- ื‘ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, -- ืื–ื ื ืื›ื˜.. ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฆื• ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. 

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจืœืขืš. ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ื ืคื•ืœืข 
ืœืขืฐืึธื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ื‘ืืฉืฒื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ื‘ืืฉื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืขืฉืขืคืข ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ. ื–ื™ ืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœืขืฐืึธื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜, ื•ืขื˜ 
ื–ื™ ืืฃ ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ. 


ื’ืขืžืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ 


ื›ืื ืข ืœืขืฐื™ืŸ 


ืขืœื˜ืขืจ 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืฒึทืš ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, 
ืกื•ื•ืขืฆื˜ืœืื ื ืคึผืืฐืœืึธื•ื•ื ื, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืกื•ื•ืขื˜ืข. 
ื ื”ืขืœื“ืก ื ืคืจื•ื™ ื–'ื™ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜. 


ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื’ื•ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืึธืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ื™ืงืขืก ืœื™ืืœืงืข, 

ื“ืึธืก ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืืจื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ -- 
ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืืœืงืขืจ. 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืฐื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืงืขืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ืœ ื–ื™ ืฉืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืœื’ื™ืง, 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ืื•ืžืจื• ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฐืึธืœืงื ื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื•ื™ืงืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ-ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ", 
ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืกืžืึธื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข, 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ ื ื‘ืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข. 


ืฆื•ื ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื. 

ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ื ืžื™ื ื”ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืื ืขืŸ -- 

ื ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ ื–'ืคืืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ. 


ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืกื•ื•ืขื˜ืข, 
ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ, ืื™ืจ'ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืคืจื•ื™, ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“ ื“ืึธ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืžืืžืขืก, 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒึทื™ืข ืžืืžืขืก ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข. 


ื ื˜ืขื•ื•ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื•ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืกื•ื•ืขื˜ืœืื ืข, 
ืืฃ ื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืžืืžืข, -- 

ื›ืื ืข! 


ืื™ืŸ ื ืžืฒึทื™ื˜ืึธื’ 


ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ, 
ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืืฒึทืš, 

ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’-ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืื ื˜ืขืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืข. 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืฐื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉืžืฒื™ืขื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ื•ืืจืฉื˜ืื˜ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ -- 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืฆืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื‘ืื ืฒึทืขืŸ, 

ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืื ื˜ืœ. 


ืืœืฅ ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ื™ืง, 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืข ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื™ืง, ืงืึธื›ื™ืง 

ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ. 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: -- ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข, 
ืงืืœื˜ ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ, 
ื’ื™ื™ ื–ืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก: ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ, 

ืื– ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ืจืฆืŸ! 


ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, 


ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 


ืขืคืฉืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทื ื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึท-ื˜ืึธื’, 
ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื ืขืŸ, 
ืึธื ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ;ื‘ืขืœื™ืื™ืขื•ื•ืก", 
ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ , ืœืขืึธื ืึธื•ืก". 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืฒึทืขื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ื ื™ื™ื™ื•ื•ืืจืฉื˜ืื˜ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ. 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืฆืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื‘ืื ืฒึทืขืŸ 

ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžืื ื˜ืœ. 


ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜--- ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืฉืกื˜ืขืจ -- 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืŸ, 

ืกืืจื ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ --- ืฐืึธื›ื™ืง, ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง, 

ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ. 


ืจื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืก --- ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื•ืจื–ืขื˜, ืงื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง -- 
ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืคืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš, 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง 

ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœืขืš. 


ืืฃ ื‘ืขืจืขื–ืข-ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืจื•ื ื“ืข 

ืฆื™ึถืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจืึธื–ืข ื”ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื“ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ื™ืžืœ-ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืŸ 
ื–'ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ ืœื™ื‘, ืื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง. 


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ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืขื ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžืึธืœ ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขื ืขืจ, 

ืฆื• ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข ืึธืคืขื ืข 

ื›'ืฆื™ ืื•ื™ืกืขื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ื ื‘ืขื˜ืœืขืจืŸ. 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข ืจื•ื ื“ืขืœืขืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืžืคืึธืจ-ืฉื˜ืขืš ืคืืจืœืึธืคึผืขื ืข, 
ื›'ืฆื™ ืื•ื™ืกืขื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื›'ืงืึธืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืืกื˜ ื ื–ืฉืžืขื ื™ืข ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’, 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขื•ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืขื ืขืจ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืืกื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขื ืขืจ, 
ื ื›ืžื•ืจื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืขืœืข. 


ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื–ืืžืฉืข-ืœืขื“ืขืจืœ 

ื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืœืฒึทืกื™ืง ืื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืœืขื›ืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขืš: 


-- ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื–ื™ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืคืืจื”ืึธืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜, 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœืืคึผ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืืŸ ืืฒึทืœื™ืงืขืจ. 

ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืœืงืขืจืœ? 


ืฐืึธืก ื”ืื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ืื–ืึธืจื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืœื™ื•ื‘ื™ื ืงืข, 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื ืึธืจ, 

ื ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืข, ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืงืข. 


ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจืœ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ื™ืคืœืขืš-ืจืขื“ืขืœืขืš. 

ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš? 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš?. -- 


--- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ ื’ืืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืš ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื ืฐืฒึทืœื™ื ืงืข, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื–ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ. 


ืื™ื– ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ื™ืึธื’ืŸ, ืืฒึทืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืื‘ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜? 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš? 


ื™ืึธืกืœ ืœืขืจื ืขืจ 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“,, 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜, 
ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื™ื˜ืŸ. 
ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. 


ื“ื• ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื -- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™, 


ืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ืš 


ืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, 

ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ืืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืžืขืŸ. 


ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ. 
ืื– ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืกืข ืคื™ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืžืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืึธื›ืŸ... 


ืขืก ื˜ื•ื ืงืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืื, 


ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜-ื˜ื•ืจืขื ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ 


ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื–ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืืคืŸ... 
ืื– ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 
ืื– ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– --- ืฉืืคืŸ, 


ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ื‘ืื ืคืืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ. 
ื ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ, 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืงืœืึธืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ --- 
ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจ 

ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœ... 


ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืœืื ื’. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืง. 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืžื‘ ื‘ืื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืคืขืกื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืžื‘ ืื™ื– ืคืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื™ืง. 
ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื•ื ืขื ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ืŸ, 


ื–ืึธืœ ืคึผืืฉืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืจื• -- ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืฉืขืคืขืœืข -- ื‘ื ื™ืขื“ื ืก ืฉืฐืขืœืŸ, 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ.. 


ืืจื‘ื™ ื˜ืœื™ื™ื˜ 


ื™ืขื›ื™ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืžืืŸ 


ื ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ืŸ 


=== === = -==ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ืจ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ 


ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืœืขืจืขืจืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉ. 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึธื“ ื›ืื™ึดื ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืžื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื-ืึธ ื“ืึธืจืฃ. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืืฃ ื ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ-ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึธืœ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืฃ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ. ื ืงืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืกืฒื™ื•ื•ื™ืกืฒึท ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ื’ืจืึธื‘ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจื™ืœืฆื - 
ื“ื™ืงืก, ื ืงืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉืึธืจ-ื”ืื‘ืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ืžืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื 
ื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื‘ ื›ืื™ึดื. ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื ืœืฒึทื‘ื™ืงืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธืขืจ 
ื‘ืึธืจื“, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืฆืขืฉืคึผืืœื˜ืŸ ืื–ืฉ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš, ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืืจื•ื ืคึผื•ืคื™ืง, ืฐื•ื™ ื‘ืื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ 
ืžืขืœืขื’ื™ืข, ืœืขื”ืื•ื•ื“ืœ, -- ื ืคึผืจื™ืฆื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึธืจื“. ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืืžื”ืึธืจืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื‘ื 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืื•ื™ืœืข-ืœื™ื’ื“ื•ืœืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืงืึธื”ืึธืœืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืข, ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒึท- ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืจ-ืงืืกืข, ืคื•ื ืขื ืขื–ืจืืก-ื›ื•ื™ืœื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ -- ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื“ืื ืง ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื›ืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ? ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืฐื™ ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ,ื“ื™ 
ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ื“ื™ ืกืžืืจืงืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื’ืฒื™ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 
ืื– ื ืจื•ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืฃ". ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืื”ื™ื™ื 
ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ;ืืกื™ืคืขืก" ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ืŸ-ืงืึธื“ืึธืฉื™ื- 
ืคึผืืกื˜ืขืš. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข, ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื•ื ืงื™ืขืก, ื ื‘ืื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืขื›ื™ืง 
ืคึผืขื ืขืžืœ, ืฐื™ ื ืงื•ืœืขืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืฒึทื’, -- ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืœืื˜ืŸ-ืฉืืžืขืก 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒึท- ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืจ-ืงืืกืข -- ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืืžื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืจืขื‘ ื›ืื™ึดืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’. ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืื’ืœื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืœืื›ืŸ ืฐื™ ืืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืœืื›ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื–ืฉืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขืฉืึธืงืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืœ, ืืฃ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืงืขืœื›ืœ, ืฐื•ื™, ืจืื›- 
ืžืึธื ืข-ืœื™ืฆืœืึธืŸ, ื ืฆื™ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืขื˜ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืง. ืื–ื-ืึธ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื 
ืืฒื™ึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืจื˜ ืจืขื‘ ื›ืื™ึดื. 
ื›ืื™ึดื ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืืก, ืฉืคึผืื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ, ื•ื™ ื ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื ื ืจืขื•ื•ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืงื•ื™ืœืข-ืงื•ื™ืœืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ: 
-- ื‘ืจืขื’ ืึธืžื•ืœื™ืข!.. ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืคืขืจื“!.. ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื›ืกื˜ื•?.. ืึธืกื˜ืึธืจืึธื–ืฉื ืข!.. ื ืจื•ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ 
ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ!.. 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจืœ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืœืืžื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืœืื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื: 
-- ื›ืขื“ื›ืขื“ื›ืข... ืึธืกื˜ืึธืจืึธื–ืฉื ืข... ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืึธืกื˜ืึธืจืึธื–ืฉื ืข... ืฐืึธื“ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืกื˜ืึธืจืึธื–ืฉื ืข?.. 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื›ืื™ึดื ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืจื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืืึธืกื˜ืึธืจืึธื–ืฉื ืข* ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ืฐืึธืจื˜. 
ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•. ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึธืจ 
ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคื™ืจ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ื™ื: ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ. ื“ืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฒึทื ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›ืื™ึดื ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš. 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš -- ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื•ืจืึธื, ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื™ื™ืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืฐ- 
ืจืขืžืœ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืข :ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืงื•ื˜ืฉืžืขืก 
ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ. ืื– ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืืจื•ืคืงื•ืงืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื“ืจืฒื™ ื™ืึธืจ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ -- 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืืจื•ื, ืคึผื•ืจื™ื-ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืขืจืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืืœื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ 


1 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ (ืžืึธืœื“ืืฐื™ืฉ). 


6* 44 


ืื˜ .ื™ืข -ื‘.;;;; ;ืจืขืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืจ ื™ื™ ื™ื™ ื™ื™ 


ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืฉืืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื ืืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจ ื‘ื•ืฉืข ืึธืคึผ: ื–ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™- 
ื“ืจื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ื ืขื›ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ื™ืงืขื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ื‘ืœืึธืข ื‘ืืงืŸ, ื‘ืœืึธืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ื‘ืœืึธืข 
ืคื™ืก. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš, ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžืฒึทืกืข ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉ- 
ืื™ื™ื“ืœ, ืื–ืฉ ืื™ืจืฆื ื“ื™ืง: ,ื•ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš?? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ ืคืืจืคืœืืžื˜ 
ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–-ื‘ืืกืึธื•ื•ืข ืงืึธืœ; 

-- ื ืขื›ืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธื•ื•ืข... ื ืง... ืงืจืขื ืง ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™.. 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจ, ื ืขื›ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืจืึธืžืก ,ื˜ืึธื˜ืข*, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ ืืŸ ืขืจื“ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืึธืจืขืจ", 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืืจืข ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึธืฐืขืก, ืื™ื– ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืข- 
ื ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื ืคืืจืงืœืขืžื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืขืจ. 

ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืจ, ื‘ืื ืกืืžืข ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ.ืžื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก,. ืืจื•ืคื’ืข- 
ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืคืŸ ืืงืกืœ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ื ื™ืฉืงืึธืฉืขื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ืื– ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื”ืขืจืกื˜ื•, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ.. ืจืฒึทืก ืฉื˜ื™- 
ืงืขืจ!.. ื”ืืจื’ืข... ืึธืŸ ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืก!.. 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ืืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ืืฐืจืึธืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ 
ื ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขืจ ื ืึธื–, ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื™ืึธ 
ื ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืก ืื™ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“, ืื™ ืืคืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ. ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืฐืึธื›ื ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืฆื•ื ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 

ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ื ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืื ืึธื ื‘ืฒึทืกืŸ (ื“ืขื ื–ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืืฃ ืคื™ืจ ื›ืืœืึธืงื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธืคึผืขืกืŸ ืืฒื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง. ืืฃ 
ื‘ืขืจืœืก ื“ืึธืœื™ืข --- ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ื™ื --- ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ). ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื 
ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืฆืŸ ืืจื•ื ื ืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืง ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื˜ื™ืฉืœ, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืืฃ ืฆื• ืคืœื™ืงืŸ ืคืขื“ืขืจืŸ. ืืฐื•ืจืึธืžืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ืขืก ,ืžืึธืžืข*, ืžืื˜ื•ืฉ ืคื™ื™ื’ืข, ื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ื”ืืจื˜ืข ืžืืžืขืœื™ื’ืข, ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ื˜ื™ืฉืœ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก, ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืฉื™ืกืœ ื–ื•ื™ืขืจืงืจื•ื™ื˜, ื ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืฆืขื“ืจื•ื™ื‘ืœื˜ืข ื’ืขื–ืืœืฆืขื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ืข. 
ื‘ืขืจืœ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืฆืขืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืขืœื™ื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืื•ื•ืœ. ืžื™ืจ ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขืš 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื™ื™ืœืขื›ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืขืก ืงื ื•ื™ืœืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื‘ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ืจื•ื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ;ื ื•", ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงื ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžืืžืขืœื™ื’ืข ื’ืขืžืขื’ื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ,ื ื•" ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืขืจืœืก, ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. ืื– ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืึธื ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืจืขื‘ ื›ืื™ึดื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื•ืžืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• 
ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ; 

-- ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืฃ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื... ื“ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ืึธืงืก!.. 

ืคื™ื™ื’ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื ื”ื•ื™ืš ื˜ืขื ื“ืœ: 

-- ื ืงืœืฒื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืคื™ืฅ... ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ื’ืขืคืืฆืงืขื˜... ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืจืึธื•ื•?.. ื˜ืคื•, ื‘ืึธืœืข!:. 

ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ ืืฃ ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ืฆืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคึผืข ;ืฆืขืงืœืขื–ืฉืขืก" ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืฆืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืœื›ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืžืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื›ืืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ /,,ืžื•-ื•-ื•", ืื– ืก'ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื–ืฉ ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื‘ืื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืงืจื•ืข-ื‘ืœื•ืข. ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ -- ืœืื˜ืข ืืฃ ืœืื˜ืข. ืคืืจืฉืžืืœืฆืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ืจืึธืงืŸ. 
ืคืฒึทื™ืคื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืงืจืื‘ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืึธื“ืขืฉืฐืขืก. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืงื•ื˜ืฉืžืขืก ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ 
ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืฉ, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข 
ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื’ื ื˜ืข ืฉืึธืฃ, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืฉ-ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื•ื ื“ืขื ืขืจ ืคืขืœ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืื›ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืคืืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ื•ื•ืจืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจืข-ื’ืจื™ืกืœ. ื’ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืืš ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜. ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืจื•ืคืŸ ;ืจืขื‘ืข". ื–ื™ื™ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจืขื‘ืขืจ ืงืึธืœ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื›ืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืก. 

ื ืขื›ืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจืืฉื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื”ืขืจ, 
ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืจื™ื˜ืฉืงืข ืืฃ ื ืฉืžืึธืœ ื‘ืจืขื˜ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืงืœืขืŸ: 

ืื•ื•ืจืึธื ื“ืืคืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ื›ื•ืฉ ืคืืจ ื’ืจืฒื™ึทื–ืŸ. ืžืื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื•ืจืข ื ื’ืจืฒึทื–, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ: ,ื˜ื™ื•, ืžืึธืžืข!*, ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื”ืืง ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธืง ืื™ื. 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ืคึผื™ื™ืกื™, ื›ืื™ึดื ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจืก ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืจืขื ืง- 
ืœืขืš ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจืœ, ื ื“ืืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืก, ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉ: ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ 


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ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉ.ืกืึธืคึผืจืื ื“ืœ, ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื‘ืขืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ" 
ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืคึผื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ื ื”ื™ื ื“ืœ. ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื ,ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืขื ืข" ืืœืžืึธื ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืคืืจื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืฐืึธืœ. ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืขืœืข, ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื–ืขืงืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื’ืขืงืจืขื›ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื™ืงืขื˜ 
ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžืื–ืœ. ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคึผื™ื™ืกื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืืš 
ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืคื™ืœ ืขืกืŸ, ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืœืึธื“ืŸ, ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื‘ื™ืคืจืื˜, ืื– ืคึผื™ื™ืกื™, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืงืื“ืขืฉ ืื™ืจืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉื•ื•ืืš ืงืขืคึผืœ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืืžื“ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ 
ืขืจ ืกืฒึทืฐื™ืกืฒึท ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ืข ืœืืžื“ืึธื ื™ื ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข. ื ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื“ื™ื ื˜ืข, ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืืฉื ื™ืงืขืก; ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธื›- 
ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื ืคื•ืก; ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ,ืกื•ืกืขื™ืืง": ืคึผืืคึผืขืฉืฑืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ; ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืขืจื“-ืื•ืŸ-ื•ื•ืขื’ืขืœืข; 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื ื•ืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฉืขืก-ื›ืื™ืœ, ื ื‘ืึธื‘ืฆื™ืข, ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื™ื˜, ื’ืขืจืืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื”ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืžืื ืฆื‘ืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข: ;ืœื ื‘ืึธื‘ืฆื™ื"; ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื™ื–ื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ื ืขืจ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ ืžืฒื™ื ืขืจ. 

ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื’ืขืœืื›ื˜. ืฐืฒึทื– ืื™ื ื ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื™ ืฐืฒึทื– ืื™ื ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื - 
ื’ืขืจ -- ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืœ ืœืื›ื˜. ื ืขื›ืข ืฆื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐื™ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ -- ืืฐืจืขืžืœ 
ืœืื›ื˜. ืคึผื™ื™ืกื™ ืฆืขืคึผื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš -- ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืœ ืœืื›ื˜. ืื™ืš ื˜ื• ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ,ืฉื!" -- ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืœ ืœืื›ื˜. 
ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ, ืึธืŸ ื ืคืืจืฐืึธืก --- ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืœ ืœืื›ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืœืื›ืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืืœืขืžืึธืœ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื–ืขืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื– ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื‘ื•ืœื‘ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืข- 
ืกืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืกืึธืคืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ืคึผืœืืฆืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ื–ื™ื™ืคื ื‘ืœืึธื–. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื‘ืื 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืœืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืง. 

ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ืžืœ ืžืฒึทื ืก. ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขื 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืœืฒื™? ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ื ืก 
ื›ื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืก. ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื–ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง? ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืื–ื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื ืฆื™ืงืข ื“ืืฉืขืงืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜-ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืึธื ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ืงืื ื™ืงื•ืœืŸ. ื›ื™ืคืœืขื’ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ืจ ,ื’ื™ืžื ืื–ื™ืกื˜ืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ืขื ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ. 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจืžืื›ืขืจื™ืฒื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจืžืื›ืขืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ืฆื• 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืืงื™ื™ื“ืข ื ืขื ืื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš? ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ, ื’ืึธืจืงื™ืŸ. 
ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืฐื•ืจืึธืžืขืŸ, ื ืขื›ืขืŸ, ืคึผื™ื™ืกื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืœืขืŸ , ื‘ืึธื ืฆื™ืข ืฉืฐืฒึทื’", ,ืกื˜ืจืืกื˜ื™- 
ืžืึธืจื“ืืกื˜ื™??3. 

ื‘ืขืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™-ื‘ืื™ืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืืคืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธืกื˜ื™ืง-ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืœืขืฐืึธื ืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉืฒึทื‘ืœ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฆืขืœื™ืืคึผืขื˜ืข ืคื•ื™ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคื™ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™-ื‘ืื™ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื›ืจืึธืคึผืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืฐื™ึทื™ื’ืขืจ, 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ืคืฆื˜. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืคืฆืขื ื™ืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืœืืžืขื“- 
ืฐืึธืฐื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืคืฆืขื ื™ืฉ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืจืขื“ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืืฃ ื ืงืึธืœ: 
;ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ, ืื™ืจ ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜?" -- ,ืฐืึธืกื™ื“ืขืŸ?? -- ,ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜. ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™. ืื™ืš ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. 
ืคึผืืกืงื•ื“ื ืข, ื”ื?..*" -- ,ืคืข, ื›ื•ืœืฉืข ื›ืืœืึธืฉืขืก!..* ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข, ื‘ื•ืฆืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ, ืžื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ื•ื™ ื ื›ื™ื™ืœืขื•ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืœ. ืื™ื™ื ืก-ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืงื™ืข ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ืคืœืื ืื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขืงืจื™ื™ื–ืœื˜-ื˜ืฉืื“ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืจื•ื™ื›ืœ. 

ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜-ืฆื• ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืืฐืจืึธื 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™, ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื•ื•ืืงืก ืื•ื™ืก ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื, ืฐื™ 
ื ืคืขืœื“-ื’ืื–ืœืขืŸ: 

-- ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ืจืขื‘ืข!ื™. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื ื˜ื™ืึธื›ืงืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืš, ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“, ,ืจืขื‘" 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืจืฆืŸ -- ;ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜" -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ืฉ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜: 


: ื ืงืืžืขืจ (ืžืึทืœื“ืืฐื™ืฉ). 
? ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉืข ืžืื˜ื‘ื™ื™ืข. 
5 ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืงืกื™ื ื’ืึธืจืงื™. 


6--80 6 


--- ืฐืึธืกื˜ืข ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืก, ืื•ื•ืจืึธื?.. 
-- ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืก!.. 

-- ื”ืฒื™ื’ืข?.. 

--- ืžื™ืจืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืืจื™ื™ึดื ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื ื‘ืื’ืจืึธื‘! 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง ื“ื™ืจ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ืกื•ืจืข... ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ?.. 

-- ืืœืข ืคื™ืจ. 

--- ืื–ื•ื™?.. ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ... ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ: ื˜ืืงืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜?.. 

-- ื ืข... ืื– ืื™ืจ'ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ... ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืคึผืก... 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืคืืจ ื ืคึผื™ืคืก, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืืฐื•ืจืึธื?.. 

--- ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ... 

--- ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื–ืข ืื™ืš, ื™ืึธ. 

--- ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜. 

--- ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื“ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ึดืจ? 

-- ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜. 

-- ืข, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืจ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜. 

-- ืžืข ืžืขื’.. ืžื™ืจืŸ ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ.. ืก'ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืกืŸ.. ืื™ืจ'ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ 


--- ืžื™ื™ืกืขืก?.. ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื–ืืš... ื ื•, ื’ื™ื™, --- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. -- ืžื™ืจืŸ ื 
ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฉืื‘ืขืก... ื›'ืขืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš... 

-- ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“... ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ. ืืฑื™ืกื ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง! 

-- ื”ืืงืœืืœ, ื’ื™ื™. ืžื™ืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ. 

--- ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคึผืื˜ืฉื˜, ืจืขื‘ืข? : 

-- ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืื˜ืฉื˜, -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืงืึธืœ, ืขืคืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื‘ืข. 

ืืœืข ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคื•ืก ืื”ื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ -- 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขื˜ื˜ืืฉ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืกืืš ืฉื ื™ื™. ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืฐืฒึทืก-ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื–ืขื ืขื ืกื˜ืขืค, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ 
ืœืึธื•ื•ื ืก ืœืขืžืขืœืขืš, ื™ืื ืงืขื•ื•ืก ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืคืก, ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœ-ื”ืื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก, ื–ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ 
ื”ืขืžื“ืœื•. ื ืฐืึธืจืึธื ืข ืืคืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืจืืงืขืจืฒึท. ื ืกืœื•ืคึผ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื˜ืจืขืฉื˜ืฉืข ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธืกื˜. ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ื•ืžืขืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืคืืจืฉื ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื”ื™ื™ื? ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืึธืžื‘ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืื– ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืฃ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืคืœ. ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฆื•ืงืŸ. ืžืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืืจืึธืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขืžื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื‘ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜. ื›'ื•ืฐื•ืขืœ ืคื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก! ืคึผื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก -- ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธ, ื ืึธืจ, 
ื›ืึธืœื™ืœืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ื™-ืœืขืžืขืœืขืš, --- ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. 

ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขื’ืก, ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง, ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืืฐืึธืœื™ืข, ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜: ืืฐื•ืจืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื 
ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ -- ืžืฒึทืกืขืก. ืืฐืจืึธื ื”ืึธื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืฑืขืœื˜: ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ;ืฉืจืื‘ืŸ* ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ , ืœื™ื™ื ืขืŸ". ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืกื›ืืจ, ื ืžื™ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ืืจืขื ื™ืฉ. ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™, ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืฉื ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ. ื ื“ืื ืง, ืืฐื•ืจืึธื, 
ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืขื˜ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉ, ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉ 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ื ืฉืึธื“, 


ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ืข ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืคื•ื˜ืขืจื ืข ืงืขืœื ืขืจ 
ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื“. ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืงื“ื™ืงืข ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื ื™ื™ื˜ืข 
ื“ืขื›ืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืจื•ืžืข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืงืจื™ืฉื˜ืึธืœืขื ืข ืืฒึทื–- 
ืกื˜ืจืขืžืคึผืœืขืš. ื“ืขืจ ืžืืจืง -- ื“ื™ ื’ืืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืจื•ืžืงืฒึทื˜. ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืื ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืคึผืึธืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืคึผืจืื–ืฉืขื˜ ืงืขืจืœืขืš. 


1 ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืขืก. 


97 


ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ,ื‘ื ื™ื™-ืกืึธืคืจื™ื". ืืŸ ืื•ืจ-ืื•ืจื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืื ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืŸืฃ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืกืคืึธืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธ- 
ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืืจื•ื ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืจ-ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ, ื–ืฒึทื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืข ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืก, ืคืขื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื•" 
ืžืขืก: ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื˜ืข ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ; ืงืืคึผืฆืึธื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืืคึผืฆื ื˜ืขืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืžืื–ืœ ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš; ื›ืื›ืึธืžื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื ืืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืึธืœื™ืฉ; ื’ืจื™ื‘ืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืึธื ื‘ืฒึทืกื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืฐื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืขืก (ื•ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜); ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ;ืื–ืฉ ื‘ื™ื– ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ", ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื™ื’ืขืจืก. 

ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื™ื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืข- 
ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ืฉื™ืง, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืฉืขืจืข, 
ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืฒื™ืœืขื›ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืขืงืŸ ืงืขืจืœืขืš. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืฉืขืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉืืจื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื‘ืขืงืŸ ืฆื• ื ืงืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 
ืฆื• ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ, ื’ืขืฉืืจื˜, ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ -- ื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืกืืจืคืขื˜ืงืฒืฒึทื˜. ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืฉืื‘ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœื“ืื•ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืืจื•ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืึธืœืŸ 
ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฆื™ืง ื™ืขื›ื™ืขืœ-ืืฐื•ืจืึธืžืก ืงืขืจืœืขืš ืืœืข ื˜ืืžืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ, ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืกืึธืคืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงืืฐืึธื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืื›ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ื ื™ื’ืŸ? ืื™ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกืงืจืขื›ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืืจื•ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ืฃ. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ ื–ืฒื™ ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืคืืจืกืื–ืฉืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข 
ืคืœื™ื’ืœ, ืคืœืขื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืืจื™ื™ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื–ืขื ืืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืึธื ื”ื•ื›ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืกืงืขืœืขืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืœืขืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงืœืืคึผืŸ, ืฐืึธืจืงืขืŸ, ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืกื™ืง, ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืœืขืš-ื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืงื“ื™ืง: 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜... 

ืืžืึธืœ ืคืืจืงืœืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง-ืžืึธื ืขื ื“ื™ืง: 


ืึธ, ืคืจืฆืžื“ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, 
ืึธ, ืคืจืขืžื“ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง... 

-- ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื™ืขื‘ื™ืœื™ืง? 

-- ืื™ืš, ื˜ืื˜ืข. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืจื™? 

-- ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ื™ืš. ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. 

-- ื‘ืขื ืงืกื˜, ื”ื?.. ื‘ืขื ืงืกื˜, ื–ื•ืŸ, ื ืึธืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ?.. 

ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื? ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืฐืฒึทื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขืจื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžื™ืŸ ืคืื‘ืจื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึธืฐืขืก. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืžืฒึทืกืข ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ, ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืœืข ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง-ืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืก, ืฐื™ ืงื™ื“ืขืฉ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืกืืš ืžืื–ืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึธืฐื•ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื, ืึธื ืฆื•ื“ืขืจืฆืฒื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- ื™ืึธ. ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืื•ื™ืกื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ึทื ื–ืืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืฉืฒึท ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืืคื˜ ืื™ ืฆื•ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ;ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืึธืจืขืจ", ืื™ ืฆื•ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ,ืึธื“ืขืก*. ื›'ืคืœืขื’ 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜, ืื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื ืึธืš 
ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืก 
ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ,ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“* ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื“ื ื™ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืจื•ืง ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืก ืืฃ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืžืฒึทืœืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ,ื ืขืกื˜ืขืจ" ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ. 

-- ืœืึธื–, ื˜ืื˜ืข, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืืง. 

--- ื’ื™ื™, ื’ื™ื™. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜. ื›'ืขืœ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื’ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ื“ืฒึทื ืข... 

ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืจืขื–- 
ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ;ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ื“ื ื™ืง". ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืงืึธืœืข- 
ืคึผืจื™ืžืืจืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“-ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ, ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืขืกืžืขื“ืจืขืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื“, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ,ื‘ื™ื ื™ืขืŸ", ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืืฉ- 


1 ืึธื ืคืื ื’-ืฉื•ืœ (ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ). 


8 


ืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขืงื“ืขืฉ. ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ,ื ื•ื“ื ื™ืง", ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ 
ื–ืื›ืŸ: ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืง, ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืœื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืฉ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ืฆื• ืจืฒื™ื“ืŸ; ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืึธืคึผ ืืฃ ื ืฉืึธ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืฒึทื ื˜ืึธืœืงืขืฐืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ 
ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜; ื“ืจื™ื˜ื ืก, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื 
ื’ืขื™ืจืฆื˜, ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ,ืื™ืจ" ืืคื™ืœืข ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ-ื™ื™ื ื’ืœืขืš, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. 

ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™, ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื-ืึธ ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืข, ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืึธืขื ืฐืฒึทื–. ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืื˜ืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฆื•ืฉืึธืงืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ื˜ ืื–ื ืฆืขืฉืฒึทื ื˜ืข ืฉื›ื™ื ืข, 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื ืข-ืฉืขืœ-ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ: ,ืค9ืก... ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืขืœืข, ื”ื?.". ืืžืึธืœ, ืืคื“ืขืจื ืื›ื˜, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ 
ืืจื™ื™ื ื›ืืคึผืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผื™ืฆืœืขืš. ื–ืขืงืก, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ืึธืจืข. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข 
ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžืขืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืืฃ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื“ื™ 
ืžืึธื ื“ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืงืืฐืึธื ืข, ื•ื™ ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืœืขืš, ืืœืข ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜. 
ืžื™ืจ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ื•ื™ ืงืขืฆืœืขืš, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืžืข ืžืื›ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธืฃ: ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืคืืœ 
ื‘ืื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ืฆืœืขืš", ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข. ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืœืคืขืงืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขืžืคืœ: ื ื™ืฉืงืึธืฉืข, ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš, -- ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ: ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทื‘ืœืขืš, ืืจืึธืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืงืืก, ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ึทืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ: 

-- ื ื•, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืืœืืงืขืŸ?.. ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืžืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืึธืจ- 
ื’ื™ื˜... ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐื•ื™ ื ืึธื ืฉื™ืงืขื ื™ืฉ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜... 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผื™ืฆืœืขืš. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ: 
ื‘ืืœื“ ืคืขืจืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ. 

ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ,ื’ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข", ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื-ืึธ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข 
ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ, ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื›ืึธืœื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืขืš ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ... : 

ื’ืขื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ: ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ, ื ื™ืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืงืข. ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ-ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ 
ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืคืึธืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš. ืื“ืื ืง ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข 
ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจื•ืคืŸ ืืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข: ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ ืงืืฅ. ื‘ื 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื™ืขื ื˜ืขืŸ -- ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืก ืฆืื“ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื™ืึธืกืงืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ืก 
ืžืขืฉื•ืžืขื“. ืื– ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืืก, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกืงื ืฒึทืคึผืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ื ืžืฒึทืกืข ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ื- 
ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื›ืขืก. ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืึธืกืงืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ;ื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจื•ืง ื ืคึผืืœื’ืข", ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืกื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืกืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™- 
ื ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืกืœ ืื™ื– ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื ื›ืืจืคึผืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืข ื ืงื•ืจืขืœืืคึผื ื™ื˜ืฉืงืข, ื ื™ื™ื“ ื ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืคื™- 
ืจืขืจ, ื ืคึผืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืžื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, ื ืžืึธืœื“ืึธื•ื•ืืŸ ื ืงืึธื•ื•ืืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจืก ื˜ืื˜ืข -- ื™ืึธืกืงืข-ืœืฒื™ื‘. ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื™ืขื ื˜ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื ืขื’ื™ื“ืขืกื˜ืข, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ 
ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ื ืขื’ื™ื“ืขืกื˜ืขืก, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืขื ืขืกื˜ืข ื ื ืขื’ื™ื“ืขืกื˜ืขืก! ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืžืึธืœ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืฃ ืฉืื‘ืขืก! ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš, ืื•ืžื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขืš ืงืืจื˜ืึธืคืœ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืคืŸ--ื ื˜ืจื•ืคืข ืฆื• ืื™ืจืข ืงืึธืคึผืฐืฒื˜ืขืงืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืข, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข-ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืงื™ืžืื˜-ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืœืขืงืึธืฐื•ืขื“ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ืื™ื˜ืข, ื“ืขื ืคืืจืขืœื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื 
ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจื–ืฉืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ, ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ 
ื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืืจื•ืฃ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื‘ืขื˜ ืงื™ืš-ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืขืจืœ ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืœืขืก ืฉื˜ืืœ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืื ืึธืจืืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ืงืึธืจืขื˜ืข, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ื’ืจื™ื ืข ื˜ืฒึทื›ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืก 
ื˜ืืคืœื™ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื•ืกื™ืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ 
ืœืื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื›ืึธื›ืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืื–ืœ; ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืืจืงื™ืฉืขืคื˜ืข ื”ืขื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจืก; ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืฆืขืจืžืื›ืขืจืก, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืžืกื ื”ืึธืœืฅ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื ื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจืก --ืื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืฒื™ึทื˜ืŸ; ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจืก ื ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืžืขืกื•ืงืขื ืขื ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ืืœื“ื–, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทื“ ื ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธืœืฆื”ืขืงืขืจ. ื™ืขื“ืข 
ืžืฒึทืกืข ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืฒึทืกืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืฒึทืกืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 


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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืžืฒึทืกืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืคืขืจื˜ืข ืžืฒึทืกืข. ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข 
ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืื ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื•ืกื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžืื›ืžืขืก ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื, ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืคืืจื”ื•ืกื˜, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื›ืึธืจื›ืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืืœืข ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš, 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ื“ืขืง, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื•ืงืึธืคึผื ืก 
ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ื’ืก 
ื˜ืฑื˜, ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื™ืขื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ืื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืึธื’ ืฐื™ ื ืื›ื˜, ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืืฃ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืก-ื‘ืขื ืงืขืœืขืš, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื–ื™ืคึผืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึทึดื›ืขืกื“ื™ืง 
ื˜ื•ืขื›ืฅ: ืคืœื™ืงืŸ ื ืขื’ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืขื“ืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืข 
ืคื˜ื“ืขืจืœืขืš-ืฉื ื™ื™ืขืœืขืš, ืฐื™ ื ืึธืš ื ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืืก. ืคืขื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข 
ืื™ื˜ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื’ืจืึธื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืืœื˜. ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคืขื“ืขืจืš-ืคึผื•ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ /ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข" 
ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ืงื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข 
ื™ืขื ื˜ืขืŸ, ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ืื™ื˜ืขืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข 
ืคืœื™ืงืŸ ืคืขื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืŸ ื™ืึธ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืกืงืข-ืœืฒื‘ืก ืฉื˜ืขืคึผืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™-ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื‘ืœื•ื–ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ ืงืขืœื ืขืจืœ, ื ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื™ืขื˜ืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜,--ื ืงืึธืกืึธืฐืึธืจืึธื˜ืงืข, ืฐื™ ื ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืœ. ืื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื™ืขื ื˜ืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ืคืืœืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืื–ืฉื ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืžื•ืจืขื˜ืข ื‘ืจืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื›ืขืจืข ,ื‘ืืฐื•ืกื˜ื–ื™- 
ื ื™ืงืข" ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ: 
--- ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™?.. ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ.. ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก.. ื ื 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื ื™ืกืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ-ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ 
ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืžืืžื–ืขืจื™ืฉ-ืงืœื•ื’ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื˜ื’ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขื, ื“ืขื ืžืขื‘ืœ-ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื™ืง ืžืึธื ืขืกืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืข : 
ืฆื™ื™ืœ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืง-ืžืฒึทืกืขืก, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ, ื ื™ืกืœ, -- ื“ืึธืก ืคื•ืคืฆื ื™ืึธืจื™ืงืข ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขื 
ืคื•ื˜ืขืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคึผื™ืฆื˜ืŸ ื ืขื–ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฐืึธืš, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื  ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ 
ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, ื‘ื ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืฆื™ืง ืžืึธื ืขืกืขืก, ืฐื™ ื ืงื ืขื›ื˜ืœ, ืคืืจืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืขืกืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืืคืงืข 
ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก, ืื™ืฆื™ืง ืžืึธื ืขืกืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืกืึธืคึผืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ, ื ืึธืš ืืœืข ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืŸ, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืกืœ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ: 
-- ืขืš, ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ 
ื’ืึธืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ... 
--- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื™ืึธ ื“ืึธ ื ื’ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜, ื”ื?--- ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื•ื™ื’- 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืฒื’. 
-- ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ื’ื•ื™ืœืขื! 
--- ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ื’ื•ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. 
--- ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’ ื“ื•. ื–ืฒึท ื“ื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ. 
-- ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’, ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื– ืฐื™ ืœืื ื’ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืคื™ืื•ื•ืงืขืก, 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ! -- ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื•ืงืข. -- ืฉื, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก? ืื•ื™ืš ื ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ืืœืข- 
ื‘ืื˜ื™ื. ืžืขืœืขืš ืžืืœื›ื™ื™ ื”ืืžืœืึธื›ื™ื... 
ื ื™ื•ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืœืึธืฉื ืงืฑื“ืขืฉื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“-ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ,ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื" ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื 
ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื, ื“ืึธื“ื™ืข ื‘ืึธืจืขืš-ืžืึธืจื“ื›ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืœ, 
ื“ืึธื“ื™ืข ื‘ืึธืจืขืš-ืžืึธืจื“ื›ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืขืจ, ,ืคึผื•ืฑืขืจืฉืขืจ", ืฉื ืฒื™ื“ืขืจ, ืก'ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ 
ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืžืึธืœื“ืื•ื•ืื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ. ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื ื 
ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื˜ืฉืžืขืก ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืงื ื™, ืขืกืŸ ืงืืœื˜ืข ืžืืžืขืœื™ื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื•ืœืงืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืขืคึผืœ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ ืึธืงืจืขืคึผ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ื™ื™-ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก. 
ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืคึผื˜ ื ื™ื•ืงืขืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ืคืจื™ื“ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ --- ืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื•ืงืข. ื“ืึธื“ื™ืข ื‘ืึธืจืขืš-ืžืึธืจื“ื›ืขืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ, ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืฆืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืฅ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืœ ื ื”ื™ื™ืก ืืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืคึผื ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ,ืื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฉืงืข": ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜. ื ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ืกื•ืงืžืื ืขื ืข ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืœื™ื™ื‘ืฆื•ื“ืขืงืŸ, 
ื‘ื•ืจืงืขืก. ื ื™ื•ืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืœื™ื ืง. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืึธื ืœืขืจ- 


100 


ื–ื™ 


ื™ 
1 
:6 
}- 
44 
ืจ 
ื™ื• 
ื–ืข 
= 2 
+' 
4 
5 


ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ;ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ืื˜ืื˜ืขืจืก", ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ ;ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืึธืจืขืจ*" ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืžืืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 

-- ื”ืขืจื˜, ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, -- ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ,--ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ 
ื ืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ืง! 

ืฉืื‘ืขืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืœืข ืคื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ืึธืŸ, ืึธื ืจืฒื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ื ืคึผื•ื™ืง; 
ืื•ืžื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืก? ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืžืคึผืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš; ืึธื ืœืื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš; ืืžืึธืœ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ; ืฆืขื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืืžืึธืœ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš; ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜-ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ ื 
ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืืœืข ืฆื• ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืก ืฐื•ืฒึทื‘. ืก'ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืืคืงืข ืจืขืฐื•ืขืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ, ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืึธืจ-ื’ืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง: 
;ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื ื™ืข". 

ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืจื•ืคืŸ 
ืื™ ,ื›ืขืฐื•ืจืขืœืฒึทื˜*, ืื™ ,ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื". 

--- ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ื›ืขืฐื•ืจืขืœืฒึทื˜, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ืฆืงืข-ืคึผื™ืฆืงืข? 
ืกืงืึธืฆืœ ืงื•ืžื˜. ืึธื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ืข ื’ืขืกื˜, ื›'ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืฆืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฒึทืš. ืฐืึธืก'ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ 
ื›ืื“ืึธืกืขืก?.. 

-- ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜, ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, -- ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืœืข ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ. 

-- ืืš, ืคึผืึธืกืขื˜ ืื–ื•ื™? ืกื™ื™ืŸ, ืกื™ื™ืŸ. ืจืขื•ื•ืขืงืข, ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ ื“ื™ ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฆื• ื’ืœืขื–ืขืœืขืš ื˜ืฒ, ืฆื• ื 
ืงืืคึผืขืฆืงืข ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืก!. 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืก ;ืกืงืึธืฆืœ ืงื•ืžื˜", ืื™ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
;ื›ืื“ืึธืกืขืก?. ,,ืกืงืึธืฆืœ ืงื•ืžื˜" ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืืฃ ,ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืฆืœ ืงื•ืžื˜", ืื•ืŸ ,ื›ืื“ืึธ- 
ืกืขืก" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ,ืงืื“ืึธื›ืขืก". ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืขืœืื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื‘ื™ืคืจืื˜, ืื– ื ื™ืกืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข 
ืžืืžื–ืขืจื™ืฉ-ืงืœื•ื’ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš. ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืกืึธืŸ: ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐื•ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืจื›ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืงื ื™. ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืงื•ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืคืืจืฉืขืžื˜, 
ืื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื›ืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฆืฑื’ืขื ืข ืคืขื ืขืžืขืจ. 

ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืคึผืึธืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ืื ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉืœืขืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืืœื˜ืข ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœืŸ, ื‘ืจืึธืฉื•ืจืŸ. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืจื•ืง ืฆื• ื 
ื‘ื™ื›ืœ ืึธืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ;ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื": ,ื ืขืžื˜, 
ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืขืœื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืข ื‘ืจืึธืกื•ืจืงืข, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ!" ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ: ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผืžืึธืœืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื. ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ;ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ", ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ,ืกื™ื ืข", ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’- 
ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ , ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข*. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธืฉืŸ. ืก'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืขืกืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื’ืจืึธืฐืข ื”ืึธืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœืŸ. ื ืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉ ื ืงื ืึธืคึผืงืข ---ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื˜ืจืึธื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืžืข 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ-.-- ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืง ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืขืง ื•ืขืœื˜. ื™ืึธืจ ื‘ื ื™ืึธืจ, ืืฃ ืืœืข ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข 
ื™ืึธืžื˜ืฑื™ืฐื•ื™ื ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืฐื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื–ื-ืึธ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืžืคื˜.. ,ืื’ืขื•ื•,---ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ 
ื ื–ืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ, --- ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืงื•ืคึผืจื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืขืœืข, ืื– ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืื–ื ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื›ืœื™ืคืขืŸ. ื›ืœื™ืคึผืขืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื›ืœื™ืคึผืขืŸ? ืขืจ ื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ ืขืก 
ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ. ืก'ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขืžืคื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืขื ืข-ืึธ 
ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ...* 

ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคื™ืจ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก 
ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœืข, ืฐื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื•ืคึผืจื™ืŸ. ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืขืก, ืืจืึธืคึผื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืกืึธืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ืงืื“ืขืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื™ืึธื˜ื™ื ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจืขืจ ืงืื˜ืึธืจื’ืขืก. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ืข ืœืึธื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืจืื“ืขืจ 
ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกืžืึธืœื ื™... 


101 


ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืŸ ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข, ื ืกืืš, 
ื ืกืืš ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข, ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžืขืกืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข. ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ? ื ื™ืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
,ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜" ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง: ืื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื™-ืคื™ืจ ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ื ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื•ื•ื™ื“ืข. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจืขืžืกื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืกืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื. ืžื™ืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ื‘ืื ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืก 
ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“: 
--- ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก... ื–ืขืกื˜ืขืš... 


ื›ืฒึทืข ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฆืขืก ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืก 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขื˜ืข ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืกืืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ืฐื™ 
ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš. 

ืื™ื™ื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข. ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข -- ื‘ืืกื™ืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆืขื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฆืขืฐื™ื™ืงื˜, ืงืœืขืคึผื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’-- ื‘ืœืึธื˜ื™ืง 
ืคืืจื’ืึธืกืŸ. ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืืจืฒึทื ืคืืœืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœืข ืฉื™ืš, ื ืืก, ืคืืจืฉืคืจื™ืฆื˜, ื ืฉืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ: ืคืœืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืฐื™ ื ื•ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื-ืึธ ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง-ืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืืœืข ื“ืจืฒื™ ื›ืื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืœื•ืฆืขื ืึธืคึผื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ 
ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืืœืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืขื ืข: ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืคืœืืžื˜ืข 


ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ, ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ? ื–ืฒื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืฆืขืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืืœืข ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื 


ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ. ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืš ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื 
ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื›ืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ. 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ืืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืจืฒื™ึทื˜ื™ืง-ืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืก ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืืงืขื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ 


ืงืขื‘ ืขื• 
ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜: ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ืžื™ืจ, ืฐื™ ืฆื™ื’ืœืขืš. ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื˜ืคึผื˜, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ. 

ื ื™ื•ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื›ื™ึทื™ืข.ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. 

-- ื›ืึธื›ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ, --- ืื™ื– ื ื™ืกืœ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืจื™ื™ื“ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•- 
ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, --- ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื›ืฒึทืข ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข ื’ื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜? ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื ืกืคึผื™ืจืื˜ื™ื•, ืงืึธืคึผ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ? ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ 

-- ืฉื, ืื– ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜? 

-- ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืกื˜ื•. ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ืกืคื™ืจืื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื”ืขืจืŸ, ื’ื•ื™ืœืขื! 

-- ื“ื• ื˜ืจืื›ืกื˜ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื• ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™. 

-- ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืก, ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข ืจื™ื™ื“... 

-- ืคื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื˜ืขื’, -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ,---ื ื™ื˜ ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ? ื’ืึธืจ- 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•? ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืข ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’. ืืคื™ืœืข ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ. 

-- ื ื•, ื›ืฒึทืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. 

-- ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื’ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื–ืึธื’ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื›ืฒึทืข, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ. 

-- ื›'ื–ืึธื’ ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 

-- ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ... ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืขืŸ... ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ืง... 


-- ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ, ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ?--- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืืžืึธืœ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, 


102 


-- ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข. ื”ืึธืกื˜ืขืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. ื›ืฒึทืข ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื•ื•ื ืข 
ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจืŸ. ืืœืข ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ืืจื’ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ื‘ืื ื“ื™ื˜ืŸ, 

-- ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ! ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ืง. 

-- ื–ืขืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ? 

--- ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•... ื ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ื™ืื“ืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ื ื™ื™ืŸ?.. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื ืึธืš ืื–ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ- 
ืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ืง ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื˜ืจื•ื‘ืงืขืœืข, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืžื™ื ืข ืขืกื ืก. ื“ื™ 
ืงื™ืฉืงืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ืฒื™ืขืจ-ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืกืŸ, ื–ื™ 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืขื˜ืœ... 

--- ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืกื˜ ืขืก, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™. 

-- ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ืขืก? ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืขืก. ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ื’ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืงืจืื ืง. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืœืข ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ื™ืขื“ืข ืื™ื™ื ืข, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื–. 

--- ืฆื•ืคื•ืก. ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืึธืกื˜. ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ. 

--- ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™? ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืก? -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

--- ื•ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ? ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš. ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืก. 

-- ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ื’ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก, ื”ื?.. 

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ. ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ? ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืžืืžืขืŸ, ื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ืขืœื“ืข, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ 
ื’ืืก, ืฐื•ึผ ื ื™ื•ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜: ืืฃ ื“ืื™ืขื ืก-ื’ืืก. ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ื•ื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื™ืขื ื˜ืขืก. 
ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืžื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืืœืš, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืœืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืŸ ืึธืคืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก 
ืืจื•ื™ืก. ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืคืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืœืื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜. ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืื ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงื™ื ื“. ื‘ืืกื™ืขืก ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืœื™ืงืœ ืžืืœื™ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืขืœืข, ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ื 
ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืจ ืงืืœืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืืœื›ื˜ืข ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื–ืจื™ืขืœ ืžืืœื™ืขืจ, 
ืืคึผืึธื ืขื ื ืฉื•ื˜ืขืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื, ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฒื˜ืคึผืœืฒืฆื™ืงืŸ. ื ืจื™ื–. ื‘ืืกื™ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืื ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจ 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ. 

ืืจื•ื ื ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื–ืขืœื“ืขืก ืฉืื‘ืขืก-ืœื™ื›ื˜. ื–ืขืœื“ืข ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคืืจืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ื ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืฆืึธืจื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืคืŸ , ื’ื•ื˜-ืฉืื‘ืขืก" ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคื™ืจ ืงืื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืจืŸ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืก, ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœืขืš, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ื˜ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืœื˜- 
ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžืฒึทืกืขืก. ืื– ืžืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ืขืœื“ืขืŸ ื ืคืจืขื’: ;ืื‘ืขื˜ืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืขืจ ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ, ื–ืขืœื“ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ?", ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื–ื™: ,ืื™ื™ืกืขืš, ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ..."---,ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ, ื”ื, ื–ืขืœื“ืข?? ืฆืขื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืขืœื“ืข: ,;ืฐืึธืก ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš? ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ..* 

ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืืคืŸ ืกืึธืคืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื•ื– ืึธื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคึผืืจืขืŸ. 

-- ื”ืขืจ ื ื›ื™ื™ืฉืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื–ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืขื ืข ืคื™ืก!..-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืœืืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื' 
ืคึผืึธืจ ืœืื ื’ืข ื›ื™ื™ืŸ-ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงืŸ. 

ื‘ืืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ืฉืฒึทืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื‘ืืœื“ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ื‘ืืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ืจื•ื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืข, ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืื™ืจืขืจ, ื™ื™ึทืกืจืึธืœื™ืงืœ 
ืžืืœื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืคื•ืœ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœืฒึทืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื›ื™ื™ืŸ-ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 


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ื‘ืืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืฒึทืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื‘ื ืื–ื ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื–ื ื‘ืืกื™ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข? --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. 

-- ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืฐืึธืก!.-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืกื™ืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ื ื’ืœ ืื•ื™ืš. 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืข ืคื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืจืขื ื’ืข ืืคืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืกืึธืคึผืงืขืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื•ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ,/ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ" ืคืจืื’ืŸ. 

--- ืคืจืขื’ื˜, ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืคืจืขื’ื˜!--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

-- ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืฐืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜!.--ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืกื™ืข ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜" ื ื–ืึธื’ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ,ืœืึธืฆื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜", ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืจืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ื ื’ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ, ืžืื›ืžืขืก ืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืจืื’ืŸ ืฆื•ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื ื™ื•ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื 
ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทืง. ื ื™ืกืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’: ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทืง, ืฐืึธืก? ืื– ื“ืึธืก 
ื’ืœืื•ื•ื ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœืื•ื•ื ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ,ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’". ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื ,ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’"? ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ 
ืื™ื– ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื• ื ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืงืข ื™ืึธ ืึธืคืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ึทืึธื˜ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. 
ื ืึธืจ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ,ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ืึดื™ืงืึธื˜*. ืขืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืžื•ื™ื“ืฃ 
;ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฆื™ืข? ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืื–ื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืึธืจืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืื”ื™ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื 


ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืœืข- 
ืจืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ , ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ" ื ืคืจืื’ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื ืคืจืขื’ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ. 

-- ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืขืก. ืžืขืกื•ืงืขื ืข ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืขืก!. --- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ื‘ืืœื“ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ืงืœื•ื’ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ --- ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜.. ื ื•, 
ืคึผืืกืงื•ื“ื ืข... ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ ืคึผืืกืงื•ื“ื ืข!.. --- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืฉืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจื’ืœืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ื•ื™ ืขืก 
ืคืœืืžื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืืฆื™ื ื“ ื’ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 

--- ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื™ืขืจื™ื ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืึธืจืขื, ื”ื? 

--- ืึธืจืขื ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜!-- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืฐื™ ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจ ืคึผื•ื™ืขืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื–ืขืœื“ืขืก ืฉืื‘ืขืก-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจืขื’ืข ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืžืขื›ื™ื™ืข 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืขืงื–ืืžืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืขืœื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื ื‘ื•ืจื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืงืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜. ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื 
ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืœืข, ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ื ืงืื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธืคืงืขืœืข: ืœืึธื– ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืžืืžืข ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื–ืึธืงืŸ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืืœืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืืกื™ืขืŸ. ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืœื™ืงืœ ืžืืœื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืขืง ื’ืืก, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืื”ืืœืข-ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจืึธืคึผ 
ืฆื•ื ื“ื ื™ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ื‘ืืกื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื’ืขื›ืึธื›ืžืขื˜, ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฐืขืŸ ื ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ื•ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืึธืจืขื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืืœืข ืคื™ืจ ื•ื™ืœืข ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ,ืื•ื˜ืขื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ืŸ"ื–. ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ;ืื•ื˜ืขื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ืŸ", ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืกื™ืข ืฆืขืœืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื˜- 
ืคืขืจื˜, ืื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ืš ืืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืขืก ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืขื ืคืœื™ื™ื˜ืœ. ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืจืขื’ืขืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืฐื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ, 
ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื ื™ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ืงืœืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื–ื™ืงืจื™ึดืขืก. ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ, ืืฃ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืœืขืš ืฆืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืงืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืขืœืขืง- 
ื˜ืจื™ืฉืข ืœืขืžืคึผืœืขืš. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข 
;ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืค* ืคืจืื’ืขืก. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข-ืึธ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ื‘ืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืœืขืžืคึผืœืขืš. ื‘ื™ื– ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง"ืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฐื•ืฒื™ื– ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื• 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืงืจืื™ึทื ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ,ืืฃ 


ื™ื™ 2 


1 ืงืึธืžื™ื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ืŸ (ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ). 


104 


ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜", ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื“ืึธ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ,ืึธื“ืขืก", ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ,/ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ืŸ-ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“". ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื ืฒึท ืฐืึธืจื˜: ,ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". ,ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืœืข- 
ื˜ืืจื™ืื˜ืก ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ,ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืœืขืžืขื ืก ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืžื•ื™ืœ, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜, ื•ื™ ;ื˜ืื˜ืข-ืžืืžืขื™ื™, ,ืคืขืœื“", ,ื–ื•ืŸ", ,ืจืขื’ืŸ". 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื”ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜. ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. 

ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฐืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธ 
ืฐืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ! 

ื“ืึธื ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•-- ืฐืึธืœืขื›ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•--- ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•--ืคึผืึธื“ืึธืœื™ืขืจ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ื ื™ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขืกืืจืื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืžืฒึทื ืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืืœืข ืคึผื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืื•ืžื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžืขืกืืžื™ื™ืขืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ื™ึทื™ืึธืจื™ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืขื ืข ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉืข ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ-ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ืŸ--ื’ืจืขื ื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืŸ--ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืืก, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ --ืฉืžืื˜ืขืก, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ืื ืžื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืกืึธืœื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื 
ื‘ืขื”ืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืงื™ื ื“-ืื•ืŸ-ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ 
ืืžืึธืœ, ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื. ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ืฒื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืžืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ,ืงืึธื ืกืคึผื™ืจืืฆื™ืข", ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืคืจ-ืืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•. 

ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ;,ืืงืฆื™ืข" ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื•ืงืข. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืึธื“ื™ืข ื‘ืึธืจืขืš-ืžืึธืจื“ื›ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืื– ืงืื“ืึธื›ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืขื ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐ ื ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื•ืงืข ืžื•ื™ื“ื™ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืค; ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื•ื™ืœ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง, ื“ืึธื“ื™ืข ื‘ืึธืจืขืš-ืžืึธืจื“ื›ืขืก, ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ืงืข ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ-ืึธ, ืขืจืขื•ื• ืคื™ื™ืกืขืš, ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื˜, 
,ืฐืึธืคึผื˜ืฉืข ืึธื‘ื™ืื•ื•ืขืŸ* ื ืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ึทืง, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง. 

ื ื™ื•ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ , ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ? ื‘ืขืจืœ ืจื™ืฐื•ืขืœืขืก ื ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ. ื™ืื ืงืœ 
ื‘ืขืจืœ ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืœืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืฉื˜ืืœ ื“ื™ ืฉืงืืคึผืข-- ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฉืงืืคึผืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื™ืขื ื˜ืขืก ืงื™ืš-ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธื - 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงืจืื ืฅ ื’ืœืขืงืœืขืš, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืคึผื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ืŸ 
ืคึผืขืœืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืจืฒึทืขืงื™ืง ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ ืฉืžืขื ื“ืจื™ืง-ืžื™ืฆืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืก-ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ืคืขืจื“, ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืงืืคึผืึธื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ื˜ืฉืžืข ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ 
ืžืึธืจื“ื›ืข: ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ -- ื ื™ื•ืงืข. ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืžื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืื–ืฉืข, ืื– 
ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืงืขืคึผ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืœืขืงืœืขืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืžืขืŸ-ื”ืึธืจืึธืฉืข ืื•ืžื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืึธืจื“ื›ืข- 
ื”ืืฆืื“ื™ืง. 

ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื– ื›ืื™ึดื ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืืจืง 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืžืื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืœืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืœืขื: ;ื’ื™ื˜, ื™ื™ึดื“ืข- 
ืœืขืš, ืœื™ื™ืขืก!? ื“ืขื ืจืืฉืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืฉ-ื”ืื™ื•ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื›ืข, ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉืข ื’ืจืขื ื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืŸ 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•ืฐืŸ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขื ื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 

ื ื™ื•ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ืฒื™ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขื ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื ืคืฒึทืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผื•ืจื™ื-ืœื™ื“ืœ. ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’. ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื“ืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืงืึธื ืกืคึผื™ืจืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืœื™ื“ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ึผ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืขื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืงืืคึผืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื• ื ื’ืื ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ;ืžืขืกืืžื™ื™ืขืš" ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื. 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ืœ, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ,ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืก, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉืฐืขืกื˜ืขืจ!?, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ,, ืžืข ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืคึผืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–". ืฐืขืจ? 
;ื’ื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื-ืื“ื™ืจื™ื, ืื•ื•ืขืจืขืกืงื• ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืื ื•ื’ -- ื”ืึธืžืขื ืก ื ืฒึทืข*. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืืžืึธืœ 


ืžื•ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื™ืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืข. 


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;) 0 -  ,, ,,,,,, ,  - 2, ----ืขืขืขืขืชืชืชึด-โ€Ž  = =" "= ื™ื™ ื™ืโ€Ž {| 


ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ,ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืก, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ!", ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื ื“ื™ื ืข ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื– ,ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืฆื™ื ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืœืงืข ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข-ืึธ 
ืงืขืžืคืขืจื’ืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒึทืข, ื•ื™ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื›ืฒึทืข:*, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ืœ ืื–ื•ื™: 

ืื™ื– ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ืฉืข, ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ืžืœืขืš, ืคืืจืŸ ืžืึธืคืจ ื ืœื™ื™, 

ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืฆืืคืขืจืก, ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืจืก, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื™ื™ื™ 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื‘ืื ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท. ื ืึธืš 
ืžืขืจืขืจ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื’ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš. 

ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง ืคืจื™ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื‘ืขืจืœ ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืœืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคื•ืจืœ, ืงืึธื ืกืคึผื™ 
ืจืื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึธืœื“ืขื ืขื˜ืฉ ืฆื•ื ืฐืึธืงื–ืืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฐืขื’, 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉ, ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ. 


ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึธืจืŸ, ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœื™ื™ืข- 
ื ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืืฃ ืจืขื–ื ื™ืฆืงื™ืก ืื“ืจืขืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ืื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ;ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’" ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืกื•ืจื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ. ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ;ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’". 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืื ืฆื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื•ืจืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืจื“ ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ. ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกื™ืข ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข, ื ืืกืข 
ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืงืจืขื ืขืฆืข-ืกืœื•ืคึผืขืก, ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ืขื 
ืคืขืจื“, ืึธื ืขื ืคื•ืจืœ, ืึธืŸ ื™ืื ืงืœืขืŸ, ืืจื•ืฃ, ืืจื•ืฃ. 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืกืขืกื˜ืืฉืขืจ ื•ืฐืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื ืฆื™ึดืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 


ื ื‘ืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ, 


ืžืขืœืึธื›ืข---ื˜ืขืœื•ื‘? 


ืฒึท, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืฉื•ืžืขื˜ ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ... ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ.. ื ื›ืึธืœืขื.. ื ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ 
ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง... 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื‘ื ืœืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืคืขืคืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืจืึธืกืœ, ื ืึธืš ื ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืกืœ 
ืžืืฉืงืข. ืจืขื‘ ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ ืขืกื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืข; ื ืงืืคึผืœ ื‘ืจืื ืคืŸ 
ืฆื™ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื’ืœืขื–ืœ ืฐืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืŸ ืงืจืื ืงืŸ ืžืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืกืื. ืื™ื, ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืงืจื™ื›ืŸ 
ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคึผื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืืคืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ, 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“. ืžื™ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืข ืœืื ื’ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ื•ื™ ื ืึธืš ื ื‘ืึธื“. 

ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™. ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจ: ื“ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื™ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืึธ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. ืžืข 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื ื ืึธืจ ื ื˜ืืคึผ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืขื, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข: ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคืืจ- 
ืงืœืืคึผื˜ืข ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืงื ื•ื™ืœืŸ -- ืื™ื– ื ื ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื‘ืœ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืืš ื“ื• ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ! 

ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืš ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ, ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ (ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ-- 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืงืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื–ืฉืงืขืก). ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืข ืžืึธืœื“ืื•ื•ืื ื™ืฉืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข--ืงืืกืข-ืžืืจืข- 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจื’. ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืงืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืจื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ-ืจืขืžืœ-- ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ --- ืคืœืขื’ืŸ 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคึผืื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจืืฉ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ-ื™ื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงืื‘ืืงืขื ืข ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืขื ื˜. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ-ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ืก. ื ืึธืจ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ. ื ืžื™ืœื›ื™ืง ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืžืืœืฒึท! ืืฒึท, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืก ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ืคืืจื–ื•ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื. ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข -- 
ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืฐืึธื’ืขื ืข, ื ื’ืœืื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืืจืคืœืืžื˜ืข -- ืื•ื•ืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืฉื˜ืื˜ ื ืคื•ืœืŸ 
ืคึผืึธืœื•ืžืขืกืขืง. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื›ืืคึผ ืึธืคึผ, ื’ื™ืš-ื’ื™ืš, ืืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื: ,ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืขืกืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืžืืœืฒึท. ื ื™ื™ืŸ? ืคืืจืฐืึธืก?" ืื–---ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ึดื›ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืš ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ, ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข. 


1 ืงืืกืข-ืžืืจืข (ืžืึธืœื“ืืฐื™ืฉ) -- ื‘ื•ื›ืฉื˜ืขื‘ืœืขืš: ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. 


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ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ -- ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืฒื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื”ื? ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืึธื ื™ื, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจืŸ. 

ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื™ืจืŸ, ื˜ื™ืฉืœืขืš, ืฉืืคืงืขืœืขืš, ื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ืฉืื ืขืŸ, ืœืึธืงืฉื ื‘ืจืขื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืงื“ื•ื™ืžืข, 
ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืงืขืก, ื˜ื•ื ื“ื•ืงืŸ, ื‘ืขื ืง (ืงืึธืœืขืจืœืฒ: ืฉื˜ื•ื‘-ื‘ืขื ืง, ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ-ื‘ืขื ืง, ืฉื•ืœ-ื‘ืขื ืง), : 

ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืฐื™ืจืขืŸ ื–ืขื’ืŸ, ื‘ืฑืขืจืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฆืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื“ืœื•ื‘ืขืŸ, ื”ื•ื‘ืœืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืงืœืืคึผืŸ, ืงืœื™ื™ืขืŸ, 
ืคืืจื‘ืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ, ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืขืจืึธืคึผืœืืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืคึผืก, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ืœืฒึทื˜ืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ. 

ืืŸ ืืœื˜ ืกืงืจื™ืคืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืžืื˜ืขืก. ื ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืฐืฒึทื‘, ืึธืœืขื”ืึธื™ื”ืืฉืึธืœืขื. ื ืคื•ืœืข 
ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ืึธืจืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืคึผืึธืงืŸ. ืžืึธื–ืœืขืŸ. ืืœืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืงืืจืœืื˜ื™ื ืขืก. ืืžืึธืœ: ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ืึธืจื’ื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืืŸ ืึธืงืข ืคืืคืขืฉื•ื™-ืžืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื‘ืขืก? ืืžืึธืœ -- ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื–ืฉืงืขืก, ืคืืจ- 
ื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฆืฒึทื’, ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื”ืขื ื’ืœืขืš: ืฉื, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜!. 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข (ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืกื™ื, ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ). ื 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข (ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ). ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื ื“ื™ื–ืฉืืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ ืขืจื“, ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื•ื–ื‘ืขืงื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื (ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืืฐืึธืœื™ืขื’ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜! ื ืฆื™ื“- 
ืงืึธื ื™ืขืก. ื“ืขืžืœื˜, ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืืฉื ืข ืงื•ื™ืขืš: ื”ื•ื ื’ืข- 
ืจื™ืง, ื ืขื‘ืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขืคืขืจื™ืง, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ: ;ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืจ? ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ? ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ!" ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ, ืืคืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืข- 
ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืจืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜). ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก 
ืฉืฒึทื ื“ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข, ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืžืืžืขืฉ ืืฃ ืงื™ื“ืขืฉ-ื”ืืฉืขื, ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ (ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืžืืŸ, ืขืกื˜ืขืจืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ: ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš. ืžืฒื™ื“ืœืฐืฒึทื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื 
ื‘ืจืขืŸ, ืคืœืื-ืคืฒึทืขืจ. ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืืกื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขื‘-ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง, ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืข- 
ื–ืขืกืŸ. ืขืจืขื•ื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืืคึผืจืขืฉื˜: ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืžืื›ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื 
ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ-ืืจื˜ืขืœ. ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืคืึธื ืขื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืœืขืš, ื ืขื‘ืขืš. ืฆื•ืคื•ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผื™ืฆืœืขืš ืงื™ื’- 
ื“ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืจืก ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื“ื ื™ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืืœื“. 
ื–ื™, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืฉืื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื’- 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืื˜ืขื˜ ื”ืขืžื“ืขืจ, ื’ืื˜ื™ืขืก. ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉื˜ืขื˜ืข ื”ืขืžื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืข ื’ืื˜ื™ืขืก. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืฅ- 
ืคื™ืจื˜, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืืจื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜: ,, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ืขืจ!" ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืœื™ึดืข ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฃ 
ื ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผ ืืคื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ืคื™ืก. ื ืฐืฒึทืก, ืกื˜ืึธืœืข- 
ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ). ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืŸ, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืง (ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืž- 
ืงืขื ื˜. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื ื“ ื ื™ื˜. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืืžืึธืœ-ืืžืึธืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ืœ: ,ืื™ืจ ืžืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืจืื“ืข ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ, -- ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, -- ื›'ื–ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืื•ื™ืก ืขืœ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืŸ. ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš, ืฉืขื ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜..") ืขืš, ื˜ื™, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืข!.. 

--- ืคืข, ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ. ื–ื™ืฆื˜ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜, ื”ื? ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืื›ืกื˜ื•, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฆื• ื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจืฉืŸ 
ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ. 

-- ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ? ืื“ืขืจืื‘ืข. 

--- ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื–, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืคื˜ืขืจ. ื™ื•ื™ื ื”ืืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข. ื–ื™ืฆืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืกื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉ- 
ื˜ืืœื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฆืกื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 

--- ืืฒึท, ื’ื™ื™. ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื•ื™ืœืขื-ื”ืื–ืข ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื›ืึธืœื™ืœืข ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. 

-- ืืš, ืื•ื™ืœืขื-ื”ืื‘ืข ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื•? ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจื•ืง! ืคืœืขื’ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืจื•ืžืข ืคืœืขื›ื˜ ื›ื•ื›ืข-ืื•ื˜ืœื•ืœืข... 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก. ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฉืขื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš. ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื•ื‘ืœืขืฐืขื˜ ืื–ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืคึผืขืก, 
ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื”ื? 

-- ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜, ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื–ื™ื ืงืข, ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืึธืœ- 
ื“ืขื ืขื ืื™ื™ื“ืขื ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•, ื–ืข ืื™ืš, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ื”ืึธืกื˜, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ 
ื’ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืงืึธืฐื•ืขื“ ื ื™ื˜. 

--- ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš: ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืœืขื-ื”ืื–ืข ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื›ืึธืœื™ืœืข ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. 

-- ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ? ืื–ื ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืืฒื ื™ืงืœ! ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฉืขื ื”ื™ื - 
ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš? 


107 


-- ื™ืึธ, ืื•ื•ืื“ืข. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธ. ืื™ืš ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ืืฃ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ: ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื™- 
ื“ืขืก. ืืคืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืขื ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ืื™ืš. ื‘ืข, ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืจืขื›ืฆื˜, ืก'ืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ื‘ืขื‘ืขืกื˜, ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ, ื‘ืขื‘ืขืกื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ: ืึธื ื‘ืฒื™ืกืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืืจ- 
ื‘ืขื˜, ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืขืจืฉื˜ ืืจื•ื ื–ืขืงืก. ืึธื˜-ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืึธื ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืืฉืงืข. ื‘ืขืคื™ื™ืจืขืฉ ืึธื ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ: ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืคืืจืืฉื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืขื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ 
ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื˜ืึธื•ื•ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึธืจืขื, ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืฆืขืงื ืขืคึผืœื˜, ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆืขืฉื•ื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ืืฃ ื–ื™ึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜: ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืื™ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ืึธืคึผืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืงืœืืกืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, 
ืกืืฉืงืข, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ. ืก'ืฉืคึผืจืึธืฆื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื– ื ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืฐืึธื " 
ืฆืขืœืข; ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืขืกืŸ. ืคืืจ- 
ืงืขืจื˜, ืขืจ ื•ื™ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืฆื™ืง, ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืกืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ ื ื‘ืืœื“ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืืžืขืจ, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื ื’ื™ืคืก, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืœืฅ-ืงืœืขืฆืœืขืš, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืœืขื˜ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืืจืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ืœืขืš. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’, ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืœืฒื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื - 
ืฐื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืืจื•ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืืœืข ืงื•ืกื˜ืขืก ืคึผืึธืžื™ 
ื“ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืึธืกืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจืื™ืึธ- 
ืจื™ืงืข ืงืืจื˜ืึธืคืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืึธ-ืึธ, ืืคืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ, ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ (ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ืืœื™ืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ ื˜ืืงืข ืืฃ ืื™ื, ืืฃ ืกืืฉืงืขืŸ). 

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉ ื˜ื™ื•ื” ืขื˜ืข ื‘ืจืขื˜ืœืขืš ืืคืŸ ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ื˜ืœ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืฒื™ื™-ืฐืฒึทืก. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ-ืœืึธืš ื‘ืื 
ืฆืขืขืคื ื˜ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜; ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืžื™ื“ืึธืจืŸ-ืงื•ืกื˜ืขืก, ื“ื™ ืคืืจืคืœืื ืฆื˜ืข 
ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงืึธืœืขืจืœืฒ ื’ืจื™ืŸ; ืกืืฉืงืขืก ืงืืžืขืจ-ื“ืขื›ืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืžืขืจืื ืฆืŸ-ื’ืขืœ; ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ื– ื™ืš ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœืึธ; ืืฃ ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืจืึธื–ืขืฐืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืื ื˜ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืค ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก; 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื ืกืœื•ืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื ืกืœื•ืคึผ, ืฉืึธืงืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 2 ืคืืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืขื’ื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืืžืึธืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื–ืขืฅ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืื›ืžืขื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ื ืฉืึธื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, 
ืžืึธืฉ ืคึผืื•ื•ืœ. ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ-ืคืืจืžืขื˜ืขื ืข ืคืขื ืขืžืขืจ, ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืงืขืคึผ. ืคึผืื•ื•ืœ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื ืื›ืžืขื ืขืŸ ,ืœืื›ืžืขืŸ". ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึผืื•ื•ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืจืฒื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื–ืขืฆืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฉืขืœื›ืœ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืก, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืงืืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื ืง 
ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืืฉืงืขืก , ืงืขืคึผ". ืงืขืคึผ ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืžืึธื“ืœ, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคืข, ื”ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืคืœื ืขืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืข, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉืœืขืš, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื•ื™ื™ื›ืคืืจื‘ื™ืง-ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืงื ืึธื˜ืขื ืข -- 
ืœื™ืฒื™ืžืขื ืข; ืฐืฒึทืกื™ืฐืฒึทืกืข, ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ืข --ื’ื™ืคึผืกืขื ืข;: ื’ืขืœื‘ืœืขืš-ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื ื™ืฆื˜ืข-- ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข. ืื ื˜- 
ืงืขื’ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ, ืืฑื™ื‘ื ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืฐื™ื–ืึธืจ, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืขืกืขื˜ ื ืงืืคึผืœ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืืจื’ืืจื˜ืœื˜-ืคืืจ- 
ืฆื•ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืืœื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ -- ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืขืกืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ืคื™ืก. ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ, ืฐื™ ืืฃ ื ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืขืžืขืจืœ, ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคืืจืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ 
ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจื™ืกืŸ ืืจื•ืฃ, ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆืขืคึผืื˜ืœื˜, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคืŸ ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข. ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคึผืื•ื•ืœืขืŸ, 
ืื– ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ ื˜ืืงืข ื™ืขื ืฅ ืืคื™ืจื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ืข ื˜ืœื™ืข-ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ, ืื™ ื˜ืืงืข, ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืก, ื“ืขื ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืœื“ื™ืง-ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึทึดื›ืขืก ืขืก- 
ื˜ืขืจืก. ืคึผืื•ื•ืœ ืงื ืืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’, ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื›ื™ื“ืขืฉืŸ. 

ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื• ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืœืขืฐื™ื–ืึธืจ. ืคึผืื•ื•ึนืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ื ืื›ืžืขื ืขืŸ ื ืจื•ืฃ: ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ืŸ-ืคืืจื‘ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ-ืคึผืืจืžืขื˜ืขื ืข ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’-ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืื‘ื™ ื–ื™ 
ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื ืึธืจ. 

-- ื”ืขืจืกื˜, ืœืื›ืžืขืŸ? -- ื˜ื•ื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืคึผืื•ื•ืœ ื ืคืืจืฆื™ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืืจืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ ื“ืขื 

ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืขืกืขื˜ ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ืŸ... ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื™ ื“ื• ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธืŸ! ื˜ืข, 
ื˜ืข, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ืŸ!.. 
ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ: 


-- ืื™ื™, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ืŸ... ืฉืœื™ื˜ื ืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืขืกืขื˜ ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ... 


108 


ืคึผืื•ื•ืœ (ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง): 

-- ืฉืœื™ื˜ื ืก?.. ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ?.. 

ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ: 

-- ืก'ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™. ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื™ืจืŸ, ื‘ืขื ืง... ืฉื•ืœ-ื‘ืขื ืง, ืคึผืื•ื•ืœ, ืฉื•ืœ-ื‘ืขื ืง!.. ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ, 
ืคืจืขื’ืกื˜ื•? ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืขืจ? ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ 
ืื•ื™ืก, ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ, ืื™ื™ื ืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกืŸ... ืึธื”ืึธ:.. ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืข- 
ืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืœืข ื•ืฐืขื’ืŸ. ื“ื•ืจืš ืืœืข ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ, ื”ืขื˜-ื”ืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜, 
ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 

ืคืื•ื•ืœ: 
-- ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืžื™ืŸ ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข, ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืขื›ืฅ.. ืื™ืš ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ... 

ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ (ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืœืขืš): 

--- ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ?.. ื ืืฉืคึผื™ืฅ?.. ืืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ, ืืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืขื ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜... ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 

ืคืื•ื•ืœ: 

-- ืก'ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™, ื›'ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™... ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืœืื›ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืฅ ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ,ื ื•ื™ ืคืขื™ื ืข -- ื ื•ึผื™ ื˜ืฑื™ืจืข!" -- ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืืจืฒึทืŸ... ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™. ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื™ื˜... ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืง, ืœืื›ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜... 

ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ: 

-- ื ื•, ื™ืึธ, ืื•ื•ืื“ืข. ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข... ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืฐื™ ืžืข 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื•ื™ืœืขื-ื”ืื‘ืข!.. 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ืืœื™ืึธืŸ ื ืื›ืžืขื ืก ืื™ื–, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื• ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ืืœื™ืึธืŸ. ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืค ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืฃ-ื˜ื™ืจืœ ื’ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืืฉืขืง ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื˜ืึธ- 
ืžื™ื“ ืคืืจื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืืจื•ืฃ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉืขื ืข ืงื ืขืคึผ---ืฆืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ืืœื™ืึธื ืกืงืข 
ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืงื˜, ืฐื™ ื ื ืขื’ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฒึทื›ืœ ืคืืจืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก? ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜,-- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, --ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื’ื•ื˜ืข 
ื‘ืกื•ืจืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข, ื”ื? -- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ืขืจ 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืข, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™. 

--- ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•, ื‘ืจืข, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข? 

-- ื›'ืคื™ืœ, -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, -- ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธื’: ื ื˜ืจืึธืฐืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื ืงืืคึผืขืœืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ... 

ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืœ, ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ, ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืคึผืขืงืœ 
ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื ืขืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ืคึผื™ืง. ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข, ืงื ืืงื ื“ื™ืงืข ืจื•ื‘ืœืขืŸ ืฆืขืคืขื›ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืฆื™ืง 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื ืื›ืžืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจืฒื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืžื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš-ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ืœืขื ื™ืฉ. ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš -- ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš. ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืจื•ืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื 
ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ืืœื™ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื–ืขืฆืŸ, ืฐื™ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืขืจ, ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื ืžืืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ื™ืฅ: 

-- ืื– ื“ื• ื–ืขืฆืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ, ื”ืขืจืกื˜, ื‘ืจืข, ืื™ื– -- ื“ื ืœื™ืคื ื™ื™ ืžื™ ืื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืžืขื“: 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื– ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜!.. 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ืืœื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื–ืขื-ืงืขืฉืขื ืข. 
ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฆื™ ืื•ื™ืก, ื•ื™ ื ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ, ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื’ืœืื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ื“ืืฉืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืงื ืืง 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆืืกืŸ: 

-- ืึธื–.. ื™ืขืฐืึธ ืฐื•ืขืœื™ื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืฐืึธ...=- ืจืขื‘ ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ!:. 

ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืื›ื˜ืœ, ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืึธืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืœ, ืงืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœืขื–ืœ ืฐื™ืฉื ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืฉืคึผืืŸ, ื•ื™ ืืฃ ื ืžืืจืฉ: 

-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ืจ! 

ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื’ืœืื•ื•ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื–, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืข- 
ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืฒึทืขืจ, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ืึธืจ: ืฐื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ื˜ืืงืข ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ, ื ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ืึธืจ. ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจืข. 


1 ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืžืืš -- ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข (ืžืึธืœื“ืื•.) 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืงืกืขืœืขื ืฅ (ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ). 


109 


,ืจ ืืจืื• 


ื–ืฒึทื ืข ,ืงืขืคึผ* ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืžืึธื“ืœ, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคืข, ื”ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืืคืœื ืขืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืข, ืืจื•ื-ืื•ืŸ-ืืจื•ื ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ืืžืึธืœ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื–ื-ืึธ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื ื™ืฆื˜ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืขืกืขื˜ืข ,ื˜ื™ืึธื˜ื™ืข ืขืกื˜ืขืจ" ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื ื•ืจืขื˜ืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ืคื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื’ืืœืขืจื™ื™-ื–ืืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ... 

-- ื ื•, ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืงื•ื. ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง. 

ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื ืื›ืžืขื ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื•ืขืงื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืืคืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื•ืžืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืืงืกืœ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื’ื•ืกื ื”ืึธืœืฅ. ืื•ืŸ 
ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ, ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื–, ื˜ืึธื’-ื‘ื-ื˜ืึธื’, ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืงืœืึธืฅ ื™ืขืฐืึธ ืฐืขืœื™ื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืฐืึธ ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืจืขื‘ ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ. 

ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜: ,ืื™ื™, ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืืจื ืขื 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜!* ื ืึธืจ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ืืŸ ืขื˜ื™ื•ื“. ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื–ืื“ืึธ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืœืขืš ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: ,ืขื˜ื™ื•ื“". ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, 
ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืื ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืจืึธืง, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืฉื•ืœ, 
ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ื˜, ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜. ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืก-ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ? 
ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜: ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืึธืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกืืฉืงืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืจืŸ, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื™ืข ืขืŸ ื ื“ืจืขืžืœ ืืฒึทืŸ ืืฃ ื ื“ืขื’ืข-ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, 
ืื•ืคื›ืืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื™ืœืฉ ืคืขืœืŸ 
ืฐื™ ื ืจืขื’ื™ืœืขืก-ื–ืืš. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ืืœืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืขื ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฐืขืงื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื ื“ืขืืœื“ื™ืฉืจ ืฉืขืŸ. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆืขื›ืจืืกื˜ืขื˜ ื”ืขืžื“ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืืจ- 

ืงืฉื ื˜-ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืœืขืš ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธืจ ืืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื˜ืขืžืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฆื˜ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ ืืœืข (ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืึธืก 
ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื ื•ืกื ื”ืึธืœืฅ. ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืึธืœืขื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืขืžืขืจืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื˜ืขื ืฆืœื˜ 


ืฆื˜ 


ื‘ืืœืžืขืœืึธื›ื™ืฉ-ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื•ื™, ืœืขื”ืื•ื•ื“ืœ, ื ื‘ืึธื ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ื ืจื™ื™ืคืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืืก ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืคืืœืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœืก ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืึธื“ ื’ืขืœื‘ืœืขื›ืข ื ื•ืกื ื”ืึธืœืฅ-ืฉืคึผืขื ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืœื•ื‘ 
ืฆืขื“ืจื•ื™ื‘ืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื’ืขื›ืฅ, ื“ื™ื ืข ื’ืขื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืกื˜ืจื•ื–ืฉืงืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขืงื™ืฆืœืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ื ืึธื–ืœืข 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉืืจืฃ-ื‘ืืงืขื ื˜ืข ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจืฒึท-ืจืฒื›ืขืก, ืžืืžืขืฉ ื ื ื™ืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ 
ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ: ืฆื• ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜! 

ื ื˜ืขืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืง, ื ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืขืกืข. ืขืก ืจื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœืก ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืจื•ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข. ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™, ื ืžื™ื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขืจ, ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ; ืื•ืŸ ื 
ื‘ืœื™ืง ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื– ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืœืขื˜ืข, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ 
ืžืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข. 

ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืขืกืข, ื ื˜ืขืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืœื™ืง. 

ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ืงื ื™ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื ืคืืจื’ืจืขื‘ื˜-ืึธื“ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืื ื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขื’ื•ืฉืขืžื“ื™ืง, ื“ืขื 
ื–ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ื”ืื ื˜, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจืŸ, ืงื ื•ืคึผื ื“ื™ืง. ื ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืขืกืข. ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ 
ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ: ืคืืจื’ืจืขื‘ื˜, ืกื•ืงืขื•ื•ืื˜ืข, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก... 

ื“ื™ ื ืึธื– ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ืื™ื– ื ื’ืจืึธื‘ืœืขื›ืข, ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื ื›ื™ื˜ืจืข. ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข ื‘ืจืขืžืขืŸ --- ืฉืคึผื™ืฆื™ืง- 
ืฆืขื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืœื˜ืข, ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ืงืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงืŸ -- ื˜ื™ืคืข, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืข 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืืฒึทื ืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืืจื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืขืœืขืš. ื ื˜ืขืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื 
ืงื•ืง: ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืœ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื˜ืขืกืขืŸ ืจื• ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•, ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื’ื–ืข, ืขืจืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜... 

-- ื ื•, ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื’ื™ื™ ืจื• ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืค! 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ, ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืืจื‘ืขื˜! 

ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ืก, ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื“ืจืขืžืœื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื 
ื”ืืœื‘-ืึธืคึผื ืก, ื ืงืืคึผืขืœืข ื ืคืืจืฉืžืขืœืขืจื˜ืก. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจืขืžืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขื’ืข ืืจื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื›ืืคึผ ืื•ืฃ. ื”ืืœื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืขืžืœ, ื”ืืœื‘ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืš ืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ืึธืจืข ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ, ื”ื? ื“ื™ 
ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ; 
ืขืจืฉื˜, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื›ืœ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–; ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื ืึธื˜ืŸ, ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืืจ 
ื ืฉืคึผื™ืœื›ืœ, ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš, ืงืขืฆืขืœืขืš. ื ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืก'ืฉืคึผืจืึธืฆื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื– ื 
ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธื ืฆืขืœืข, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงื•ื ืฆื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืœืขื˜ืข: ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ืืœืข- 
ืžืึธืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฐื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืืงื•ืจืื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื™ ืขืจ, ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืฐืฒึทื– ื ืฐื™ืฉ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืื ื”ื•ื‘ืœืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ 


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ืฐื•ื™ืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจ-ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืงืฒื™ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื–ื 
ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื ื”ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืœ. 

ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืš ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ: ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื“ืขืžืœื˜, ื ืึธืš ืืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึท, ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื•ืžืขืกืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜? 
;ื“ืึธืœืฑ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื? ืฐืขืกื˜ ืขืก, ื ืื›ืžืขื ื™ื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืฐืขืกื˜ ื›ืจืืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ 
ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ!" ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื›ืจืืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ... 

ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื‘ืืœื“ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื–ื™ื ืงืข, ืจื™ื•ื•ืงืขืœืขืŸ... ืืจื•ื™ืก 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื•ื•ืงืขืŸ, ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ... ืฆืึธืจืขืก ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืกืืจืคืขื˜ืข 
ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ืฐืขื ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ื“ืืš, ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ... ืฆื• ืื•ื™- 
ืœืขืื™ื”ืื–ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ื›ืึธืœื™ืœืข, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜... ื‘ื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’, ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื‘ืœ-ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง ื ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืง.. ืฉื•ืœ-ื‘ืขื ืง, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ืฉื•ืœ-ื‘ืขื ืง!.. ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขื ืง... 
ืก'ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™: ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจ?.. ื–ื™ ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืง, 
ืฉื•ืจืขืกืฐื•ืฒื™ื–, ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ื”ืขื˜-ื”ืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜... ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ 
ื‘ืขื ืง... ื 8 ืื™ื™ื“ืขื, ื ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ... ืื–ื-ืึธ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ... ืขืคืขืก ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื”ื?.. ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขื ืง... ืึธื˜-ืึธ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืขืจ, ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื›ืœ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–... ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื˜ืึธ ืื•ื•ืœืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึธืจืขื... ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขื ืง... ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš... ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื-:ื”ืื‘ืข?. ื ืื›ืžืขื ื™ื• ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจื•ืง ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืฉื˜ืฉื™ืง!.. ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขื ืง... 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขื ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืืจื•ื ื–ืขืงืก, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื, 

ืจื™ื•ื•ืข ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืืจื•ืฃ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื ืคืืจื˜ืขืš, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืจืืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš, ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืื˜ืฉื™ื™ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืœืข ืงื™ืœืขืžืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ. ื“ืื ื™ืขืœ -- ื“ืฒึทืงืข ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ื ื‘ืจืฒื˜ืคึผืœืฒืฆื™ืงืขืจ, ื ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ --- ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš, ืฐื•ื™ ื ื ื™ื•ื ืงืขืœืข, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืœืข 
ืžืึธืœ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืคืขืœ ืื™ืจืŸ. 

ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ืจืืฉื ื“ื™ืง, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืึธืคึผ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืกืืฉืงืขืŸ, ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืจืขื’: 

-- ื ื•, ื•ื•ื™? ืก'ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื?ื™. 

ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘, ืื– ืžืข ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืื“ืœืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ืค ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื- 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืฆื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืข 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื ื•ืกื ื”ืึธืœืฅ: ืขืคืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื™ืึธ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ืึธืš ืจ 
ื–ืฑืฒึทืœ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ. ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืกื“ื™ืง ืฆืขืฉืึธืงืœืขืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืงืึธืค: 

-- ืืฒื™... ืคึผืก!.. 

ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ ืจื™ื•ื•ืงืข ืฐืขื˜ ื ืจื•ืฃ ื˜ืึธืŸ: ;ื”ื™ื™, ืื•ื™ืœืขื, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ!", ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœืก ื ืฒึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ. ืžืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืขืจ, ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ. 

ื”ืืœื‘ ืขืจื ืกื˜, ื”ืืœื‘ ืฐื•ื™ืฆื™ืง ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื ื–ืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ื–ื™ืฅ ืื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื•ืขืš, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš... 

-- ื ื•ื•ื™ืงื•ืขืš? ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจืœืขืŸ?.. 

-- ื ืข... ืžืึธืœื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืขืŸ!.. 

-- ื˜'ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ืจ ื ื ืฒื™ึทืก!.. 

-- ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืก'ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™... ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืืงืข, ื›ืึธืœื™ืœืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื 
ื ื–ืึธื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื... ืฐื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ื™?.. ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, ืฆื• ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ, ื 
ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ื˜... ื ื™ืข, ืคึผืื ื™ื˜ 
ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื... ื ื™ืข ืกืึธื’ืœืืกืขืŸ... ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜... 


ื–ื™ื™ืžืข ื˜ืขืœืขืกื™ืŸ 


ื ืฆื•ืคืืœ 


ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืขืกืงืืœืื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธ 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. 
ื‘ืื ืื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ 

ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ. 


ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืื ืฆื™ืง-ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืืจืขื ื˜ืฉ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืžื™. 


ื›'ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจืขื ื˜ืฉ, 

ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืœืึธืžืคึผืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืŸ. 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ. 


ืื™ืŸ 


ืžืขื˜ืจืึท 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืงื•ืง 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ-ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜... 


ืžื™ืจ ื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ, -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคึผืœ 


ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืจืื ื“ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ. 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ --- 

ื ,ืฉืึธืœืขื* ืื–ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ!ื™. 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. 


ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™? 


ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง 
ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืš? 

ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ 

ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขืš. 


ืืคืŸ ื˜ืื, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ืก ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ. 


ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง -- ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืžืขื˜, 

ื•ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ื˜ืึธื ื™ืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืžื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜: 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 

;ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง* 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืึธืจ -- 

;ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืš". 


ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื“ืึธึท ืคืืจ ื ืžืฒืŸ 


ืขืก ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ: 
;ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ!" 

ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ, -- 
ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ. 


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ืฐืึธืกื™, ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, 
ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ? 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ. 


7--0 


ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื•, โ€ -- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืกืึธืคึผืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ. 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก ื–ืฒืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก, -- 
ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ื• ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก. 


ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืก, --- 
ืื™ื– ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื–ืฒืฒึทืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื–. 


ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืฒึทืฉื˜ืึทื˜:ืฆื•ื’ 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ, -- 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืกื˜ืืจืข ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืื›ืžืขืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, --- 

ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ... 


ื˜ื›ื™ืขืก:ื”ืืžืฒืกื™ื 


ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืฉืฐืึธืง ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืงื˜, ื’ืขืงืืœื›ื˜ืข ืกืœื•ืคึผื™ืงืขืก ื ืจื™ื™, 
ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืงืœืืค ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืขื“ืขืจ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืคืืงื˜, -- ืื• ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ -- ืืคืŸ ืฉืึธืกืฒ 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื ืข ืžื™ืš ืคืืจืคึผืืงื˜, ื ืฐื™ื™ืกื™ื ืง ืฆื™ื’ืขืœืข, ื•ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™, 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ื›'ื˜ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืขืจ. 


ืกื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื ืฉืืจืคืŸ ืงืขืจ, 
ื ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 

ืžื™ืš ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืื”ืขืจ, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 


ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื’ืื ืฅ ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ 
ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ, -- 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื ืคึผืœืขื˜, 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื˜ 

ื ื’ืขืœืขืจ ืกื•ืง ื ืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ. 


ืื™ืš ืœื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืจ, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ. 

ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ืจ, 
ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 

ืืฃ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ. 


ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคื•ืก ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื›'ืคืืจืฉืคึผืึธืจ, 
ืžืข ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืึธ ืงืึธืฐื•ืขื“. 

ืžื™ืš ืคื™ืจื˜ ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉืึธืคื™ืึธืจ, 

ืฆื• ืขื–ืจืข ืคื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’ืŸ ื›'ืคืึธืจ, 

ืฆื• ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืกื˜ืจื™ืืงืึธืฐืขื’. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืฆืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ืœ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืข 

ื“ื™ ืœืืกื˜ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื‘ืจื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื–ืึธื’: ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก -- ื ืฆื™ื’ืœื ืข ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง, ืฆื• ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ืจืขืงืœ ืฉืฒื™ึทืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก -- ื ืคืขืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืจืŸ. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืฃ ื˜ื›ื™ึดืขืก-ื”ืืžื™ื™ืกื™ื! 


1 ื ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข. 


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ืืฐื•ื™ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืืฃ ื•ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืฉืึธึทืžืข 


ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ: ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜. ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืืœื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ. 

ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืข ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ, ื”ืืจื˜ืข ื–ืื ื’ืขืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืฐืึธื’ืŸ, 
ืึธืŸ ื ืคึผื’ื™ืžืขืœืข ืœืื›ืœื•ื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ. 

ืœื•ื™ืคืกื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืกืืจื ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ 

ืืฃ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืคื•ื ืžื™ื™ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ!.. 

ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื‘ืข -- ื ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื›ืกื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืจื™ื˜ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. 

ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื“ืขืจื–ืข -- ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื ื“ืจื™ื ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœืขืš -- ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืœืฑื’ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื ื–ืฉืื‘ืข ืžื™ืจ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’. 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื’ื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฑื˜ืŸ, ื ื’ืขืžื•ื™ื–ืขื›ืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ, 

ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜, ื›'ื”ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ื•ืืงืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื˜ืœ ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื›'ื˜ื• ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืก ื ืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืžืฒึทืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืœืึธืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ. -- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขื’ืœ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, ืืฃ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืคืึธื›ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืœ. 


ื“ืขื ืงืึทืคึผ ืืฃ ืืจื•ืฃ 


ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฐื•ื™ื™ื– ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก: ื ืฉืงืจืื‘ืข -- ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆืืก, 
,ืคึผืืฐืึธืœื™ืข ื’ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก". ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืขืš ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข-,, ืคึผืœืขืฆืœืขืš" ืืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืืก 


ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืข ื•ื ื˜/ ืœ : 
: ื•ืœ ืจืฆื•ื ืื•-ืคื›ืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื›ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืœืขืš ืคืืจืงื ืึธื˜ืŸ, 


ืคื™ืก? -- 
ื“ื™ ืงืœืื“ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื ืฉืขืจื‘ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืœืืฉ, 
ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ื•ึผืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืฐื•ืฆ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืคื™ืฅ ืฆื• 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืฆืŸ, 
ืฆืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืขืงืขืก ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ืžืข, ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืงื•ืคึผืข ืืฉ, 


ื ื”ืึธืœืขืฐืขืฉืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืจืขื’ ื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ... 
ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืข ืฆืขืคึผืœืขื˜ืฉื˜ืข ืงืืฅ, 2 ื 1 


ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืŸ ืขืง ืžืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผืืจื•ืคืฆื• ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืจื™ืก,-- 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ-ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืจืขืžืœืขืš ืืคืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืงืขืฅ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™. ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืกืคึผืึธื˜ื™ืงืขืŸ, 
ื‘ืื“ืืจืคืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. 


ืื™ืŸ ืžื ืœืฒ ืขืฐื•ืงืข 


ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืฉื•ืก 

ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ืœ ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืŸ, --- 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืฅ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืืจืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื–ืึธืœ, ื›ืึธืœื™ืœืข, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. 


ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ 
(ื ืกืืš, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš), -- 
ืื™ื– ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืฉืคึผืืจ-ื”ืขื ื˜ืœืขืš ืึธื ื’ืขืœืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 


ืขืก ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ ืื•ืžื’ืขืคืขืจ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืขืจ. 


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ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืฅ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™. ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš --- ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืข ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื˜ื• ื ื•ื•ื™ื’ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืก, ื ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, -- ืื™ืš ื˜ื• ื ื–ื•ืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืืคืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืึธืŸ, ืžืืฉืžืึธืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืงืœืขืจืŸ, ื›'ืคืืจื’ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜, -- 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืœืึธื ืงืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, 


ืžืข ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืืจื•ื ืžื™ืจ, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ื“ืึธืจื˜... 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขื™ื•ืฉืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื ืึธื‘ึฟ. ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉื‘ื™ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืฐืึธืจื˜. 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื‘ืืจื’ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื•ื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืก-ืคึผืืคึผื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืจืžืึธืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืืฃ ื ืงื ื™ ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 


ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื ืงืฐืึทืจื˜ 


ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืงืขืœื™ืจื˜, ื•ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ-ืฉืฒึทืŸ, 
ืžืื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ืงืฐืึธืจื˜, -- ืขืžืืœื™ืจื˜ ืืฃ ืฐืฒึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืŸ. 
ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฉืืœืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ืขื– ืื™ื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืขืŸ ื‘ื•ื˜ ื˜ 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืึธืจื˜. 

ืงื•ืคึผืขืจ-ืงื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืงืฐืึธืจื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื’ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขื’ืœ-ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ-ืงื•ื•ืขืจื˜, 
ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, ืžืข ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. 
ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืึธื ืฉืขืคึผืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืจืื ื“ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ. 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ืš 
ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš 
ืฆื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’, ืฆื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผืจืฉื˜, -- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. 
ืขืจ ื’ืœ 2 ื™ื ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืื›ื˜, 
ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื•ืจืฉื˜. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ืงืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, 
ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืกื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, 
ื•ื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื›ื™ืขืกื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืจื•ื™ึดืง ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜. 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, -- ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืฉื ื™ื˜ ื™ื˜ 
ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืฐืึธืจื˜ ืžืข ืงืข ื•ื™" ืื™ ื 
ืงื•ื•ืืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืึธืกืœ, ืžื™ืœืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืฒึทืŸ, ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื ืงืฐืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜? 
ืงื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ: ืžืืš ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. 

ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืขืš 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ-ืฆืขืš, 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืขืš, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ, ื•ื™ ืคึผืขืš, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืžืฒึทืกืข. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืขืš, 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ-ืฆืขืš, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืคึผืขืš, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ืคึผืขืš, ื ืึธืจ ืฐืฒึทืกืขืจ. 

ืก'ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื ื ืฒึทืก, 

ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืขืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืฒึท ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ, ืกืฒื™ ืฐืฒึทืก. 


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ืื•ื™ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจืฉื’ื•ื•ืกืงื™ 


ื“ื™ ืฆืฐืฒ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ,ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ ,ื 
ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืืงื˜* ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืกื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืจืึทื–ืื™ืงืขืจ ืืฑื™ื–ืขืจ ืฐืืจืฉืืฐืกืงื™, ืฐืขืœื›ืข 
ืžื™ืจ ืœืฒื’ืŸ ื“ืึท ืคืึทืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจืก ืืœืžืึทื ืข ืžืืจื™ึดืข ื•ื•ืืจืฉืืฐืกืงืข. 

ืืฑื–ืขืจ ืฐืืจืฉืืฐืกืงื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1898. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจืึทืžืืŸ 
,ืฉืžื•ื’ืœื™ืืจื" (1920) ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜-ื™ 
ืจืื ื’ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืึทืงื•ืคืืฆื™ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜-ืžื™ืœื›ืึทืžืข. ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืš ืื™ื– 
.ืฉืžื•ื’ืœื™ืืจืก" ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึทืžืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจื“ืึทืจื‘ื ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืžืึทื˜ื™ืฐืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืคื™ื˜ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื™ 
ืงืขืจืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืฉืืฐืกืงื™ืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ,ืื”ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ", 
.ื ื›ืืกืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ*, ,ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจื™ืฉ", ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึทืžืืŸ ,ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜* ืื. 

ืืฑื–ืขืจ ืฐืืจืฉืืฐืกืงื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืกื˜ืข ืจืขืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืจืึทื–ืข 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืื ื™ืึทืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืื™ืŸ 1943 ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึทืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืœืื’ืขืจ. 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืื ื™ืข 
ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ 


ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืื: ื‘ืื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื›ื™ื™ืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืš, ืก'ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ... 
ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ืืจื•ื ื‘ื•ื™ืš, ื‘ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
ื’ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืงืจืขื›ืฆืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืฆืึธืจืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ 
: ืงืขืœืขืจ-ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื–ื ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง: 
;ืื™ื™, ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข, ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืคึผืื›ื“ืŸ --- ื’ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ ื ืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉ!." 
ื ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื“ืื›ื˜: ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืฒึทืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืขืก ื‘ื•ื™ืš ื’ืื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ... ื ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ืŸ... ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขื ื˜ืข... ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ --- ื“ืึธืก ืขืœืคื˜ืข... 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืœืืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืคึผืœื™ืขืกืงืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ -- ืคืืจืฉืฐืึธืœืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ. ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ืงืจืขื›ืฅ 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. 


ื’ ืืงื•ืฉืขืจืงืข. 


116 


ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืงืึธืœ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’. ืคืขื“ืขื ืฉืคึผื™ื ืฐืขื‘ืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ- 
ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืœืงืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืกืžื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™- 
ืฉืข ืงืœืขื–ืžืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื ื˜ืจืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜. ื“ืึธืก 
ื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืึธืจื”ืื ื’. 

. ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 

ื’ืขืคึผื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื; 

-- ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข! ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข! 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื˜ืืคึผ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜: ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืจื™ื™- 
ื˜ืขืจ ื ืกืืš ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ... ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: 

-- ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื... 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื; 

-- ืžืื–ืœื˜ืึธื•ื•, ื˜ืื˜ืข! 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืฐื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง, ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงื™ื‘ืœื™ืขืก ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. 


ืืคืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื›ืฒึทืข"ื–ืœืื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜. ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื“ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื. ื ืฉื˜ืขืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ -- ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืžืืžืข. 
ื‘ืืœื“ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืคื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ื•ื™ื’-ืคืœืขืฉืขืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืžืขื ืขื ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืขืœืขืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ. 

-- ืืฒึทื™, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื ื–ื™ืฆืŸ? 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. 

ื ืึธืจ ืœื™ื™ืข, ืื–ื ื–ืขืงืกื™ืขืจื™ืงืข ืžื•ื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ื–ืึธืงืŸ, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื“ืืจืข ืคื™ืกืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฉืŸ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ. 

ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฉืึธ. ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื™ ืจื•ื™ืฉื ื“ื™ืงืข ืกืึธืฐื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฆืŸ ืคืืจ ื›ืฒึทืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ: ื ืžื™ืฆื•ื•ืข ื“ืึธืš... ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ!.. 

ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืจื™ืฉืžืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื“. ื“ื™ ื’ืจืฒึทื–ืœื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืึธืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ. 

ืฆื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืœืข ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ื›ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื ืงื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื‘ืจืึธื›ืข. 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื–ื ืงื™ืฉืŸ. 

ื“ืขื ืกื˜ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืฃ. ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจ- 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ: ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืžืขื“ืจืขืฉืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ.. ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืจืึธื›ืขืก, ื ืžื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืื™ื– ืื™ื 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื ืฉืึธื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืืฑื™ื‘ื ืึธืŸ, 
ื“ืขื ืกื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜!. ื ืฉืึธื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ืœืขื‘ื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื’ืœืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข. ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: ื›ืื ืื ื™ืขืฉื™. 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืคืœืืงืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ. ื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜. ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื•ื™ื›ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ื’ืขืฆืžืึธืงืขื˜. ื ืคึผื™ืฆืœ ืงื™ื ื“ืก ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจืฉืข ื˜ืจืขืจ. ื ื•ื™ื - 
ื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืฒึท. ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืกืื“ืขืจื˜, ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 

ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธื™ืœืึธืง, ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืข. ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ 
ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธืคืŸ, ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, ืฐื™ ื ื“ืจืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ืขืกื•ืจื™ื. ืฆื• ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

-- ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฆืฒื™ื›ื ื˜, ืื– ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืžืืงืข? 

-- ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฆืฒื™ื›ื ื˜! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜. 

-- ื›ื™ื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืฆื• ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืืงืึธืฉืข, -- ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก 
ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ?.. 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ืขื˜ืฉืข. 


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ืžื•ื™ืฉืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืžืขื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืžืึธื“ื ืขื ื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืขืŸ, ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืึธืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืจื™, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืื•ื•ื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืืจืง ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื•ืžืคึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืืฐื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื˜ืืœืขืก-ืื•ืŸ-ื˜ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ, 
ืฆื•ืฉืคึผืืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ื‘ืจืขื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืืงืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ื’ืจื™ืŸ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืจื™ื˜ืฉืงืข. ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืงืฐืขื˜ืฉื˜, ื‘ืื˜ืืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ 
ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืก ื›ืื ืื ื™ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขื™ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื˜ื™ื’, ื ืึธืจ ื”ืืจื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจื ืก... 

ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข 
ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžืื›ืŸ, ืฐืึธืจืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜: ,ืฐื•ึผ, ืฐื•ึผ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ"... 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื”ื™ื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื˜ืืœืขืก-ืื•ืŸ-ื˜ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื‘ืืœื“ 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืคืŸ ืžืืจืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืข. 

ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืคึผืขืงืœ ืฆื• ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืืก, 
ืฆื™ ื ืงืขืœื‘ืœ ื“ืขื ืงืืฆืขื•ื• ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืื˜ืงืข ืืจื™ื™ึทืŸ: ืื–ื ืจื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ืงืก, ื ื’ืœืื ืฆื™ื ืงืก, ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื˜ื•ืขื ืก... ืฆื™ ื‘ืืœื“ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื–ืขืงืœ ืžืขืœ.. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืข, ื ืคืœืื˜ืฉื™ืงืข, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ื ื“ื™ืง 
ื‘ื ืืŸ ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืจืง, ื•ื™ ืืŸ ;ืึธืจืขืžืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฉ" ืืฃ ื ื›ืืกืขื ืข. 

ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืืงืกืœืขืŸ, ืคื•ื™ืœ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. 
ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ. 


ืงืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ืื•ืฃ... ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ื™ ื ื”ื•ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืฒึทื ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืงืจืื ืงืŸ ืคื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื˜ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ 

ื˜ืฒื™ืœืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜: ืคื™ื ืฃ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื™ืœืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืžืขืฆื™ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ -- ืžืื ืกืœืฒึทื˜:.. ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจ ืื™ื. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ? ืฐืึธื˜?.. 

ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื‘ืขืœืข ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื ืงืขืคึผืœ, ื ื’ืขืœ ืงืขืคืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืงื•ืœืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื -- ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจืก ืงืขืคึผืœ. ื–ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ืฐื™ ื 
ืคืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขื ื’ืขืจืื ื™ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก, ืื–ื•ื™ ืจื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ 
ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ื›ืืœืื˜, ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืืงื•ืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. 

-- ื”ืข? ื”ืข? -- ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืขืจ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืขืŸ. 

ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืข ืจืื™ื•ื™ื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื”ืื ืึธืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืงืœืืคื˜ ืคืืจ ื›ืื™ึดืžืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื™ืœืŸ? -- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื. 

-- ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœืงืขืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ, --- ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืคืืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืขืก ื”ืื ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื“ืขื ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืคึผืืงื•ืœืŸ, ืึธื ื˜ื•ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื–. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืืจื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 

ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืœื˜, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜: 

-- ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจืคืจืฒึทื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืคืจืขื’ืกื˜ื•? ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ! 

-- ื˜ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ: ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ? 

-- ืฐืขืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืืœืข ื˜ืื˜ืขืก. 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืขืจืงืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ... 

-- ืื–ื•ื™? ื˜ืืงืข? ืž...ืž... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ื”ืข?.. 

ื“ืขืจื ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืกืœ-ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื–ืขืœืฆืขืจืก ื ืœืฒื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืืกื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืื ืื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื“. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ? ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืงืจืื ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ... 

-- ื’ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืืš ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื ืืจื™ืฉ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. 

-- ื˜ืึธ ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข: ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืงืขืŸ? 

-- ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ื• ื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, -- ืก'ื”ืฒื™ืกื˜.. 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ืกื˜ ืื™ื ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืœืฒึทื˜... 

ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื–ืขืœืฆืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ; 

-- ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข! ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข! 


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ืื™ื– ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจื™ื™ึทื ื’- 
ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. 


ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืงืœ ื–ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขื–ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ื™ 
ื–ืขืงืกืขืจืก ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ"ื’ืขืœื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืžืืจืง, ื ืึธืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ-ืืจื•ื ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืขืœืขืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. 

ื›ื™ื™ืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืœ 
ืฆื™ืงืึธืจื™ืข. ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜: 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ?.. 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–- 
ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื‘ ืคืืจืคื•ื™ืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื’ืœ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืจืขืคืึธืขืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขืก ื”ืึธืจ ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืขืจ ืจืฑื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืข ืงื•ืคึผืขืจ-ืคืืŸ. ืื™ื 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ. ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืขืžื˜ ื’ืœืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. 

ืœื™ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜. ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืงื ื™ึทืขื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืขื˜ ื–ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื”ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื‘ืืจ ื”ืขืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ืžืขืฉ. ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืก ื’ืข: 
ื–ืืœืฆืขื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง. 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขื’ืœืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืืจื‘ืœ. ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืขืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 

ืื– ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืคืืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ. 

-- ืžืขื“ืงืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืจื•ืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืฃ! 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืจืงืข ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืคืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ ื ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ: 

-- ื˜ืื˜ืข! 

-- ืงืจื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜. 

-- ืœืึธื– ื ืึธืš ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ื˜ืื˜ืข. ืื™ืš ืœื™ื’ ื“ืึธ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืข ืฉืึธ. 

-- ื’ื™ื™, ื‘ืขืจืงืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื›ื™ื™ืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืข ืฆืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื, ื ื™ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืžืขื 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืื ืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ืื– ื‘ืขืจืงืข ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘. 

-- ื›ื™ึทืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ... 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ื™ื™ืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืข ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ื ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ืื™ืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืืงืขื˜ืข ืœื™ื™ืžืขื ืข ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืœืขืš. 

ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืœืขืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธื™ืœืึธืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืืฃ 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ... 

-- ื›ื™ื™ืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, -- ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ; ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ... 

ื›ื™ื™ืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ. ื‘ืขืจืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจ: ื“ืึธ- 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืงืขืŸ --- ื ืึธืšืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ. ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืื– ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืขืคึผืœ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืงืื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืžืืŸ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื–ื•ืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

--- ื ื•, ื•ื™ ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, ืžืฒืฒึทืŸ ืžืืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

--- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“. 


ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืขืŸ: 

-- ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขืžื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. : 

ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจืŸ: 

--- ื“ื•! ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื ืืจื™ืฉืข ืจื™ื™ื“!ื™. 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ: 


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-- ืงื•ื ืื”ืขืจ, ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข, ื–ืขืฅ ื“ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขื˜. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ. ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื–ืขืง ื–ืืœืฅ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื–ืฆืง ืžืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื–ื ื˜ ืงืขืœื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš.. ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ?.. ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ... 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขืจืงืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืจืงืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ 
ืืคืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ. ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: 

-- ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’... ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’.. ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืืœื˜, ืก'ืื›ื˜ืข ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ื›ืขื˜... ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืขืŸ. ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข, ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืื™ื ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืœืฒึทื˜... 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ 
ื›ื™ื™ืข-ื–ืœืื˜ืขืก ื”ืขื ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

--- ืฐื•ืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ... ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœืขืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื•ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข. ืœื™ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื’ืœ. ื–ื™ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜. ืœื™ื™ืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืืคึผื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืคืืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืก. 

ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืื ืื ื™ืข ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื™ื™ื ื˜. 


ื ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ 


ื ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœ, ืงื•ื™ื ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ื™ืฉื™ื, ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืขืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜-ืฉืจื•ื ื˜, ืจืขื“ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืงืึธืœ: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง, ืคืืœื™ืข ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜"... ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืœื™ืข ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืจืื ื“ืขื•ื•ึผ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ. ,ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ ืืฒึทืš ื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, -- ื ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืขื ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ 
ื‘ื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ึทื˜ืŸ!" 

ืื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ื“ื™ ืคืืœื™ืข. ื‘ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืื ืฆื™ืง--ื ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ. ื–ืขื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง, ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ื ืก ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ---ื ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ! ืืคืŸ ืฆืฒึทื’ื™ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜, 
ื•ื™ ื ืคืœืืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื›ื•ืคึผืข-ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ -- ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคืืจ ืคื™ืจ 
ื›ืืกืื ื™ื. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™, ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืœ , ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ" ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืงืืจื’ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ื™ืึธืจืŸ. 

ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ? ืคืืจ ืงืืจื’ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ? ืก'ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ื‘ื ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ,ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ื˜* ื–ื™ืš ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื ืฐืฒึทื– 
ืื•ืฃ ืืŸ ืืคึผืฑื˜ืขืงืข ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื“ื™ 
ืžื™ืงืจืึธื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืืฆื™ืœืŸ. ื ืขืžื˜, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื ืกื•ืžืข, ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ืคืจืื ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืžืึธืจื’ื ืก ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง. ืื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœืขืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืžืึธืจื’ื ืก 
ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ, ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืงืึธืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื˜ืึธื’, ื”ื, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ? ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ... ื ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืงื•ื ืฅ. ื‘. ืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื“ืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื 
ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืจ. ื ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืจ! ื–ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืืœื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœืก ื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข. 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื– ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™, ืฐื™ ืืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืื ื“ืขืจื˜ืข ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ื‘ื ื ืฒื™ื˜ืขืจืฒื™. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกื”ืืœื˜ืขืจืงืข 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืงืจืขื ืงื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ. ,ื“ื™ ืคืืœื™ืข? ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื™ื– 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคึผื•ืฆืขืจืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืœื•ืฑื“ืขืจื–ืืง. ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ? ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื 
ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืง. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื“ืึทืงื˜ืฑื™ืจื™ืžืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืกืึธื›ืจื™ื", --ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ 
ืคืืœื™ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื™ ืž'ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื. 

ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืจืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจ, -- ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืข ืฆื™ืžืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื ืขืก. ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืงืœืฒื™ื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืคืจื™ื™ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’.ื–. 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืจืฒึทืขืŸ? ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืืฃ ืœื•ืคื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคืืœื™ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืคืืœื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืŸ! 


1 ืขืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืฉื™-ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš. 


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,ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ืžื™ื ืข, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜,.--ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ ืžื™ืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, -- ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ". 

ื“ืึธ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœืขื•ื• ื‘ืื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงื™ื - 
ื“ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืฒืขืจืŸ. ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื•ืงืขืจืœืขืš ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ, ืืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืœ (ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš) ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ (ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืึธืจ ืœืื’ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืก- 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื˜ืขืœ:) ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืžืึธืœ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜-ื˜ืืœืึธื ืขืŸ.. 
(ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืืฃ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืŸ?) ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผืื˜ื™ืข ืฆื•ื 
ื•ื•ื™ืงืœ-ืงื™ื ื“, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงืขืœืขืš ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™. 

ื“ืจืฒึท ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืืจืฉื•ื™ื ื“ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืื– ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœืื’ืขืจ. ืžืื–ืœ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื’ืขืจ-ืงื™ื ื“... ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜! ืงื•ืจืฅ, 
ื‘ืขืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื™ืข ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื , ืจืื ื“ืขื•ื•ื•ึผ" 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜? ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• 
ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’, ื ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืขื ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’, ืฐื™ ืคืืœื™ืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ! ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ,ื–ืขื•ื ื’" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ื™ึทื‘ืœ. ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืงืึธืคึผืฉืฒื“ืœ ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื™ ื“ื™... ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืคืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข 
ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ... ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื–ืืš. ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš -- ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขืš! ืฐืึธืจืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืื - 
ื˜ืื–ื™ืข ืคืขืœื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก... 

ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ื ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืžืึธืœืขืจ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื‘ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื™ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืžื™ืš ืคืึธืจ 
ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืขื ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜... ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ, ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆื•ื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. 

ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒื™ื“ืขืง, ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืจ, ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืจืื ื“ืขืฐื•ึผ! ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ื 
ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืขื ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’, ื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืฐื™ ื ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜? ื ืงืึธื - 
ื˜ืจืืงื˜, ืฐื™ ืก'ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ื ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื ื’ื•ื™ืจ, 
ืืŸ ืืžืื˜ืึธืจ ืืฃ ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžืึธืœืขืจ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ืขืจ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื’ืจืื•ื•ื™ืจืขืจ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื 
ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ืึธืจ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื! ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืœื˜, ื‘ืขืฉืืก ื’ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜! ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ... 
ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™, ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœื˜ืš, ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื! ื‘ื ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ -- ื™ืึธ. ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 42, ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื ืื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืฐื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ, ื’ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื›ืึธืฉืขืฐื• ื•ื™ 
ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข... ื‘ืืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ: ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ืคืจืื ืง ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืžื•ื– ืื™ืš ืฆืึธืœืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคืืจ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืœ, ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ืคืจืื ืง! ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืขื ืข ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ- 
ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜, 
ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืขื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ืื™ืจ ืžืขื’ื˜ ืœืื›ืŸ... 

ืฐืึธืจืขื˜ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜... ืคืืจืื™ืึธืจืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืœืื’ืขืจ, ืžื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ื ื”ืืœื‘ืข ืฆืึธืจืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื›ืืคึผ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื™ืึธ- 
ืจื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ, ื ื›ืืจืคึผืข ืืฑืกืฆื•ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ืขืงืกื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ืžื“ื™ืงืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืคึผืœ, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ืงื™ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขื–ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืงืœืึธืจ; ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข, ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒึทืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืื™ื“ืขืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ, ืฐื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื - 
ื”ืขื’, ืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืื’ืขืจื ื™ืง ืืœืข ืฐืึธืš ื ืคึผืขืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผืจืฉื˜, ืคึผื•ื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืฆื•ืงืขืจ 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกืื›ืืจื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืคืจืขืกืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืขื ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ืึธืš, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืึธื ื™ื... 

ื•ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฑื™ื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืจืฒึทื™ืึธืจื™ืง ืงื™ื ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ,ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜?, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™... ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืื˜ื•ืจ? ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืืก-ืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜: ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ 
ื’ื™ื˜1. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ? ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคืจืื ืง ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืจืื ืง, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื›ื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš? ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืš. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืš ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ! ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื•ื– ื“ืึธืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš! 


1 ื ืคื™ืœืื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜. 


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ื‘ื ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœืก ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขื ื’ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืœ ื ื‘ื•ืงืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื”ื™ืกืžืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœืก. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื ื“ืขื•ื•ื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืจืขื“ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื›'ืฐื•ืขืœ ื ืึธืจ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ื 
ืคืฒึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืขื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืื ื˜ืฉื™ืง, ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืขืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜-ืฉืจื•ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืงืึธืœ: ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง, ืคืืœื™ืขืก ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ. 

ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืก ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืืคืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืคืœืขืฉืœ ืกืื›ืืจื™ืŸ-ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. ืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืกื˜ืื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ: 

-- ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ื“ืึธ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ื–ืื›. ื ืงืืคืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ 

ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืœืขืฉืœ ืกืื›ืืจื™ืŸ-ืกืึธื“ืข ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื’. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืขืจ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื ืžืึธื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข! ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื™ื“ืข, ืื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื”ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืจืฒึทืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืขืฉืœืขืš ืฉืืžืคึผืื ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฐื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืจืฒึทืกื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“ืŸ. ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜. ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœ ืœื™ื ื“ื–ืŸ. ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืฉ-ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืขื ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืจื•ืง. ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืจ. ืฐืึธืจืขื ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืง- 
ืฆื™ืข! ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืŸ? ืงื•ื ืกื˜:ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืฒืœืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ืŸ... ื“ืขื”ืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ืš ืฐืขืจ ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜, ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™- 
ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžืข ื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ื˜ืืฆื™ืขืก ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทื ืก ื ื‘ื™ืœื“! ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข? ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืจืขื ืก'ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? ืื™ื– ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš, ืงืืคึผืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ 0 ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒึท- 
ื“ืขืงืŸ, ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืขืจ! ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜.. 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื˜ื•ื™ืคืขืก ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึธื”ืขืžืข. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฅ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ืจื™ื. ืื™ืš 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืจืŸ ื ืืงืขื˜ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ืžืึธืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ืึธืจ. ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืืคืข, ืื– ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืœื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ: ื–ืขืกื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืžื•ืกื™ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“'ืจ ืขืœื™ืžื™ื™ืœืขืš. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™- 
ืฆื™ื“ืงืึธืกื›ืึธ. ืื–ื ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ืืœืข. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืขืฉืืก ืื™ืจ ืืœืข ื ื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืคึผื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืืคึผื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืขืคึผื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื‘ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒึทืœื˜ --- ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืš. ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ -- ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ 
ืงื•ืจืฅ: ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื˜ื• ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื•ืฑื™ืกืžืึธืœืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื•ื ื’. 

..ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง ืคืจืขื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. ืฆื•ื ืคื™ื - 
ื˜ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ืื– ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืง ื’ืืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืืŸ ืืคื™ืฉืข, ื ืงืึธืœื™ืจื˜ืข ืืคื™ืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืœืึธื˜ืขืจืฒ. ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข. ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืึธ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืœืข ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ืฐืึธืจืขื ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ, ืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ 
ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืืคื™ืฉืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ? 

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉืคืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ 
ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืงืฑื™ื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ ื™ืขื ืข ืืคื™ืฉืข. ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื™ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ 
ื ืื›ื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ. 

ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ... ืงื•ืจืฅ, ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืœืึธื˜ืขืจืฒ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื•ื•ืขืจืื›ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™: 

--- ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“? 

ื›'ืงืึธืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ืฐื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธืœ: ;ื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ", ื‘ืขืฉืืก ืื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ืฐื™ ื ื’ื•ื™ืœืขื ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืืจื“ืืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืฆื™ื‘ืขืœืข... 

-- ืคืืจืŸ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื•ื•ืขืจืื›ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, -- ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ 
ืก'ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข, ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขืžืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืก'ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืืงื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ... 


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--- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืงื˜? -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš, ื’ื•ื™ืœืขื, ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ื˜ืืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ 
ืคืึธืจ, ืกืึธื›ืจื™ืฉ-ืžืขืกื™ืง, ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ, ืืฑืกื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ, 
ืคืืจืœืฒึทืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื™ืฆืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ... ื‘ืฒึทืฉืขืจ ืขืจ, ื‘. ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง, ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื’ืขืจ... ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ืคืืจ ื“ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืืฆื™ืข! 
ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื’. ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ? ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜... ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืคืœืืŸ: ื”ืขื™ื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ื›ืืกืขื ืข ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ,ื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ" ื ืงื™ื ื“... ,ื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ* ื ืงื™ื ื“ --- ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ! 

ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื ืงื™ื ื“? ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคื™ื ืื - 
ืกื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ื ืจืฒึทื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืžื™ืœ- 
ื›ืึธืžืข, ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’: ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื–ื ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื ,ื’ืขื‘ืŸ" ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืจืฒื™, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ. ืื™ื– 
ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืขืœืฃ... ืขืœืฃ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืฃ 

ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื•ื™ ืืŸ 
ืื™ื“ื™ืึธื˜, ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืŸ ืจืื™ืขืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืจื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ื›'ืฉื˜ืขืง ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“, ืื– ื›'ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืืคืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื ื™ื™-ื‘ืืจื’, 
ื‘ืขืฉืืก ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ, ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ื˜ื”ืึธื. 

ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื•ืคืŸ ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื›ืืœืขืฉื˜. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืžืขืฉื•ื’ืขื ืขื 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– 


ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜? ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจ ื‘ืขื˜ืขื•ื•ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืืกื˜ืข ื ืขื•ื™ื™ื: 
ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื™ื“ 
ืื™ืš, -- ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื‘ืืฉืฒึทืžืคึผืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ -- ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ. ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ. 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึธืจืคืึธืœืง ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืœ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ 
ืก'ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืœื™ืข ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง, ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืก ืฐืฒึทื‘, ื”ืืœื˜ ืก'ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื“ืึธืก 
ืคื™ืฆืœ. ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ. ืžืข ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืš. 
;ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ?* -- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–: ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ื™ื’ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ื ืขืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ? ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜: ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ. ืžืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, ืžืข ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืข ืฉืจืฒื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ืืš ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข 
ืฆื™ื ืฒึทื“ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ื•ื™ื’ืœื™ื ื’. ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืคืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœืขืžืคึผืขืจื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜: ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข. ,ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ืึธื ื–ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืก- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืœื™ืข?? -- ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืš ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืืš. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืš ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, ืฐื•ึผ, ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื›ืืคึผืŸ, ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข-ืœื- 
ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ืจืŸ... ื™ึด 

ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืขืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ื™ื ืขืก, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืขืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืžืขืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข! 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื™ื“ืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉ- 
ืคึผื™ื’ืŸ ืงืœืขืง. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ื’ืฐื™ืจืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›'ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืœืึธื˜ืขืจืฒ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก --- ื’ืึธืจ. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึธืจ? 

-- ื™ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึธืจ. 


= 


ืืจืŸ ืฐืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก 


ืจื™ื™ื•ื–ืขืื 


ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึทืก ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ 


ื•ื™ื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ: ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก? ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ? ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืงืฐืขืจืŸ? ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืจื™ื–ื‘ืขืก? 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืืคืข. 

ืžืข ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืงืืฐืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื’ืœืึธื– ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜. ืงืืฐืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืก -- ื“ื™ ื ืฑื˜ืฐืขื ื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ืœืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ 


ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ืข: ื ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจืื ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื‘ืฒึทืกืขื›ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฑื˜ืฐืขื ื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื 
ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท -- ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ ืงืืคืข ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฒึท ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ื ื ื˜ื™ืฉืœ, ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ื - 
ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœื ืขืจืฉืข. ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒื™ื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ืŸ, ื‘ืืงื•ืžืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ื ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืงืขืœื™ืฉืขืงืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ--- ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜, 

ืึธืคื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืืคืข, ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืืœื‘ืขื“ืจื™ื˜: ื˜ืืงืข ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืึธืคืฉื˜ืื™ 
ืžื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืข ืคืฒึทืขืจืžืืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืฆืฐืฒ ืืœื˜ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜: ืฉืืจืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ , ืื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ", ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš. 

ืฉืืจืœ ืื™ื– ื ืžืขื›ืฒึทืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ื ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืขื ืขืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื ืขื 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืฉืกื˜ืข, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ื ืจื™ืคื˜ืœ 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืขื‘ืœ. ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜. 

ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื™ืกืŸ, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืœื‘ืขื“ืจื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื ืึธ-ืคื™ืœื. ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืืคืข. ืžืข ื–ื•ืคึผื˜ ืคืืžืขืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืงืืฐืข, ืจืฒื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืึทื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื’ื•ืคืข, -- ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜: ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื’ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืขื ืขื ืงื™ื ืึธื™ื–ืืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืคืข; ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ? ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืืก, ืฐืขื˜ ืฉืืจืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืึธืกื™ืฐืขืŸ ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืฆื• ื‘ื ื ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึทื™ึทืงืขืจ ืงืืคืข. ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคื™ืœื ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื 
ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื˜ืึทืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ืœื, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 

ืฆื™ ืึธื˜ ื ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ;ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืคืจืขืกืข", ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ 
ื‘ื ืž. ืฐื™ืœื ืขืจืŸ!, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžืืžืขืฉ ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืื™ื, ืื– ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืฐื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืคืึธืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืืจืึทืคึผื’ืฒืŸ (ืคืืจืืŸ ืืฃ ืจื™ ืคืืจืื“ื™ 
ื ืงืืคืข, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ" ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ื ืฒึทืฆืจ ืคืจืขืกืข"). ื’ืฒื™ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืืจืึธืคึผ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจื•ื™ึธืง ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื ื ื˜ืขืคืขืœืข ืงืืฐืข. ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืฅ 
ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ืฐื™ืœื ืขืจืŸ, ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึทืฆืขื“ื•ืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืฒืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืœื ืขืจืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื“ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืืคืข, ื ืึธืจ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ,,ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื–ืจืืขืœื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืขืœ". 
ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื–ืจืืขืœื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื™ืฐื•ืขืจืกืขืœ? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก? 
ืืžืึธืœ-ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืคืืจ 
ืžืืจืฉ ืืฃ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืืคึผืึธืœืขืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–-ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข ืืœืก 
ื ื‘ืืงืฐืขื ื’ืขืฆืฒึทื’ ืฆื• ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืจื›ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืฉื‚ืืคืŸ ื’ืจืึทืจ 
ื ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื ืืคืึธืœืขืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืข ื’ืจื•ืคืข. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ 
ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ, ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื™ึดื“" ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ โ€ ืื™ื–ื™ 


ื“ืขื 


ืคืึทืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’. ืึทื ื”ืฒื‘ ื–ืข ,ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื ื•ืž. 7. 
1 ืžื™ื˜ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ;ื ืฒึทืข ืคืจืขืกืข". 


124 


ืจืืขืœื™ื˜", ืฐืฒึทืœ ;ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ื ืืฆื™ืข, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืข", ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ,,ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืข ืคืึธืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ"... 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื (ื ืขืžืœืขืš, ืื™ืŸ 1905), ืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืฒืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืืœืฅืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ื ื“ืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจื•ื“ื™ืžืขื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข, ื ืžื™ืŸ , ืœืึธื–ืฉืข* 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ-ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. 

ืื“ืžื™ืจืืœ ืœื•ื™ ืงืืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฒื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื–ืจืืขืœื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื ื™ืฐืขืจืกืขืœ", ืฐืึธืก, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืœื™ืื ืก ื“ืืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ืงืึธืœืึธื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš. ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง 
ืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื™ื›ื˜-ืฉืคืจืืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜, 
ืื– ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’. ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื’ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ,ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื–ืจืืขืœื™ื˜" ื ืึธืš ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒื ื™ืง ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ืจื™ืข, ืœื™ื‘ืืŸ, ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืฒื™ื™ึทืฉืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื•ื“ืื™ึดืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืข, ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’), ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทื’ืจืื -- ืคื™ืœืื - 
ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืงืฆื™ืขืก ืืฃ ืฆื• ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืืฆื™ืข. 

,ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื–ืจืืขืœื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื™ืฐืขืจืกืข?" ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืจื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ --,ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืก ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ", ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 
ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ื–ื™ ืฉืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืก? ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ,ื˜ื›ื•ื-ื™ื™ื“". ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 
ืืœืก ืฉืคืจืืš ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ืŸ! ืฆื• ื™ื™ึทึดืกืจืึธืขืœ ื‘ืืฆื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ึดื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ืžืคึผืื˜ื™ืฅ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ 
ืฆื™ึดืขื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื–, ืื™ื– ืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ื ืžืขื“ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืขืก. ืื ื˜ื™ืกืึทืฐืฆื˜ื™ืฉ 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜. : 

ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™? ืื™ืš ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื? ืืš, ื™ืึธ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ, ืฐืขืŸ ืžืฅ ืฐื™ืœ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืืคืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืึธืจื˜. ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื•ืคื ืื (ื’ืขืฐื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืืจื˜ื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“) ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจื™ืกื˜ืึธ- 
ืงืจืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ,, ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื–ืจืืขืœื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืขืœ", ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜... 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืฒึทื–ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš (ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ) ื ืงืืคึผืขื˜ืฉืงืข ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืค 

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืขืคืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. 


ื ื“ื™ืืœืึทื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืžืึทื ืึทืœืึทื’ 


ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืงื™ื ื“ ืฐืฒืกื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ึธืื–ืฑื™ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ื ืคืจืขืกืข-ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ. ืžืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืจืื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคืจืื’ืŸ, ืฐืฒืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื’. 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื“. 

ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื•ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคืจืขืกืข-ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข, ื“ื”. ื , ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืข", ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ืคืจืื’ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ื•ืคืข ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืœ, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื 
ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. 

ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ? ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืฉืขื˜. ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐื™ืœ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื 
ืคืจืื’ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ,ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜" ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืื™ื ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื“ื™ึธืืœืึธื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’. ื ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื ื“ื™ึธืืœืึธื’. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึทืš ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข-ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืจ (ื“ื”. ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื–ืึธื’ืขืจ) ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜: , ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืืฃ ื 
ืคึผืจืขืกืข-ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ; ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜?... 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ืขืœ , ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ". ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข-ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš -- ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜- 
ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ึธืืœืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ืจืขื“ืข ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืคืจืื’ืข. 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘. ืฉืœืขืฐื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืž. ืœื™ื˜ืฐื™ืŸ. ืืœืข ื“ืจืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขื ืข 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืื’ืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื–ื ื–ืืš, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ (ืฉ. ืœืขื“ืขืจืžืืŸ, ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ , ืื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ"), ืกืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉืฒึทืขืš ืžื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืืจื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืกืข- 
ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ,ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ* 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืจืขืืœืข ืื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

-- ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ. ืก'ืื™ื–, ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื 
ืืฐืขืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื ืงืœืืค ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ? 

ื™ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืขื ืข ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื–ืŸ , ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื", -- 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืืจื˜ืฉืื›ื ืขื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ. ืฐืขืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืœื™ื˜ืฐื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ 
ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื–ืืžืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฐืขื–ืขื ืข ืงืืžืคืก-ื›ืื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ 
ื”ื™ืฅ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก, -- ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืึธืš, ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืกืื›ืืงืœ, ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฐืึธืจืขื ื™ืฉ: ,ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืš 
ื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ึดืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื". 


125 


+ = = ื ื ื ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื˜ ืื˜ืื  ืขืกื˜ืขืฉืฉืกืกื ืจ-ื” 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

ืž. ืฉื•ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœืขืžืึทืฉืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืœืึธื’ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ,ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ" ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื’ื”ืื“ืขืŸ, ืกื•ืฆืงืขืฐืขืจืŸ, ื”ืขืœืขืจืŸ, ืฉืœืขืฐื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืื›ื“ืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขื ื™ 
ืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื•ื™ืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืง, -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื•ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืคื•ื ืงื˜. --- ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืืฐืจืึธื ืกื•ืฆืงืขืฐืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ืขืœืขืจืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขืฐ 
ื’ืขืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ื’. ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืœืขืจ, ืฉืœืขืฐื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืฉื•ืœืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“, ืฉืืฆืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ืกื•ืฆืงืขืฐืขืจ, ื’ืจืื“ืข ืื. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืืฐืขืงื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ 
ืงืœื™ื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ืกืคืขืงื•ืœื™ืืฆื™ืขืก. ืืœืข ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจืื“ืข, ืกื•ืฆืงืขืฐืขืจ, ืขืžื™ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒืขืจืข 
ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–; ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืฐืฒืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืืฐืื“ืข. ืคืจืขื’ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš: ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื ืžืึธื˜ื™ืฐืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ? ืื™ื“ืฒื™ื™ึทืฉืข?! ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืื›ื˜. ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™'ืึธ, ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืก, ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข? 

ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึผืื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉ: ,ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒื™ 
ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืฆืื“ ื‘ืขืจื™ืืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึทื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ?* ื’ืขืฐื™ืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืœืึธื“ืจื- 
ืžืื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื˜, ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื, ืื– ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืœืฒื“ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ , ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืจ- 
ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืจืงื–ืืžืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ืข 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– --- ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ 
ื’ืขืžืึธืœื“ืŸ, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข. 

ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื’ืข, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืข 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืงื•ืจืฅ: ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืฐืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืžืื˜ืึธื ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ืื“ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. 

ืฐื™ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื–ื™ืงืข ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืœืฆื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ: ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. 

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข-ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒื ื™ืง ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืื–ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืึทื’ื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜: 

ืื™ืš ื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืฉืœืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืœื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ,, ืื™ืŸ ืงืืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข 
ืžื™ื™ืœื™ืฅ-ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจืก" ื–ืขืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก. ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืคืืคึผื™ืจ, ื“ื”. ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš-ืืคืึธืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืฉ, ืคื™ืœ-ืคื™ืœ ืฉืฐืื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืžืขืจ ื–ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืžืขืก, ืื– ื“ื™, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืืจื•ื™ืกื™ 
ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœื‘ืืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื™ืกืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ื ื–ืฒ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจืฐืื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื“ืขื ื™ืฉ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ (ืฆื™ ืฐื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืขืก ื™ืึธ, ืฆื™ ืฐื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜) ื ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœื™ืื˜ื™ืฐืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืื. , ืื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ"... -- 
ื”ืืœื˜ ืื–ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื‘ื™ืœื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื™ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืืคืื ืขืžืขืกืŸ 
ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฐื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืขืœืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืึทื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ,ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ื™ื". 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืœืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขืฐื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืคืŸ ืฉืขืคืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฉื˜ืฒื ืก 
ืžืึธืฉืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ,ื’ืึธืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจ" -- ืืคืŸ ืฉืขืคืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืฉืขืคืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืœืขืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืคืฒึทืขืจ. ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ืŸ 
ืกื˜ืื“ืข... 


ืฐืขื˜ืฅ ืฐืึทืก ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ 


ืคึผืื–ืข ื“ื™ ืฐืขื ื˜ -- ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื‘ืขื“. ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ -- ื ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง---ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ืžืื ืฆื‘ืœืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆืฐื™ื™ื˜ืŸ: ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืคืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. 

ืฐืขืŸ ืžืข ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืง, ืื•ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืžืข 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืคืืจ ืขืคืขืก; ืฐืขืŸ ืžืข ื‘ืฒึทืกื˜ ืฆื•, ืื™ื– -- ืฐื™ ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื ื˜ื•ื™ืฐืข. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ืขืœืข ืจืขื“ืขืก ืจืขื ืข ืงืืกืขืŸ -- ืขืจืš"ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื–ืจืืขืœื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื™ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืกืขืœ" ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข-ืจืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš, ืื“ืžื™ืจืืœ ืœื•ื™ ืงืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ: ืกืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœืข. 

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฆืฐืื ืฆื™ืง--ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ืžืื ืฆื‘ืœืขืŸ ื ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก. ืžืข ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคืข ืฆื• 
ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. 

ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆืขืŸ ื ืึธื›ืื ืื ื“ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืืฃ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ, ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธื›ืŸ 
ื ื’ืจืฒึทื–ื™ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื’ื™ื’ืื ื˜, ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื ืœื™ื™ื‘: 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื–ื ื˜ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ --- ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื™ืคืœ? --- ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜! 

-- ืงื•ืžื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื“ืึธ, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืข-ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืื ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ! 


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--- ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ, ืืคืŸ ืคืœืืฅ ืคื™ื’ืืœ... ืืœืข ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืึธืฐื ื˜:ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื ื‘ื™ืจื–ืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืงืขืจ, ืคื™ืšื™ 
ืœืขืจ, ืืงืึทืจื“ืขืึธื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื’ื™ื˜ืืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธื›ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืืฐืื“ืข, ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ืฐืฒื™ืก ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื”ืืœื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืขืœื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ: 

-- ืืœื™ืงืก ืงืึธืžื‘ืขืœ -- ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืืงืกืึธืคืึธื ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข! -- ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจ! 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ึธืืœ ื™ื™ึทืฆื›ืึธืง ืฉื ื™ื™ืขืจืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ืืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก. 

-- ืจืขื ืข ืงืืกืขืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉื ืฒื™ืขืจืกืึธืŸ, -- ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉื ืข? ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืฆื™ืžืขืจ... 

ืงืืกืขืŸ, ื ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืขืจ, ืคืขืกื˜'ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ื”ืืจื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ืงื•ืจืฅ:ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ืจืฅ- 
ื ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. ื•ืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืึทืคึผืขืจืืฆื™ืข ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ืœืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืง? ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ืงืืฆืึธืฐื™ื: 

-- ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ื–ืฉื™ืกืงืืจ ื“'ืขืกื˜ืขืŸ: ืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืงืจื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ,ื”ืขื ืงืขืจ"... ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก? 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืฒื’ืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜. 

--- ืฐืฒื™ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืื–ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืงืืจื’ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“'ืขืกื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืกื˜ืื‘ื™ืœืข ืคึผืจืฒื™ื–ืŸ ืืฃ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ, 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืืฆืึธืฐื™ื ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืžืึธืจื“... 

ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื ืข ืงืืกืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืืฃ ืฉื ืฒื™ืขืจืกืึธื ืขืŸ: 

-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื›ืืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆืฒื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึทื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ 
ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืืฃ ื ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืงื™ืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืก... ืขืกืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ืข ืคื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ืžืข ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ืžื™ืจืขืก.. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืœืื“ื•ื ื’... ืขืก ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืงืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืฒื™ื’ืขืฐื“ื™ืง! 

-- ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืงืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืกืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ืข ืคื™ืฉ? 

-- ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ืžื™ืจืขืก? 

-- ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ ืคึผืืจืึธื“ื™ืขืก 
ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ , ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข" ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืขืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืงืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืึธื“ืขึถืจ ืืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™-ืกื˜ืื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืจืื–ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš -- ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืขื›ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœื™ื•ื? 

-- ืืŸ ืขืจืขืš... 

-- ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืงืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืฒืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืฒึทื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ึธืืœ, ืืŸ ,,ืืœื™ืื ืก ืื™ื–ืจืืขืœื™ื˜" ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก. 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื˜ืึธืขืก. ืขืก ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืฅ ืงืืžืคืื ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืฐื•ื“ืฆ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ื˜ืฒื™? ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ืžืฐื™ืกื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืึธื–ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืคืฉืขืก ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืข ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸื™ 

-- ืขืก ืงืึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ... ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸื™ 

ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืข ื”ืึทื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ื“ืขืจ ,ืœืฒื‘". ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
, ืฉืื ืกืึธื ื™ืข" --- ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ-ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจืŸ. 

-- ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืœืข ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜-ื–ืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ! ืื™ืŸ , ืึธืœื™ืžืคึผื™ืข", ืืคืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื•ื•ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืคึผื•ืฆื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ื”ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืฉืืจืœ ืื–ื ืืฐื•ึผืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš.. ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฐืขืœืฃ 
ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืข ื’ืจืืžืึธืคืึธืŸ"ืคึผืœืื˜ืŸ, 

-- ืื™ืฆื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืคืŸ ืžืึธื ืคึผืืจื ืืก. ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ,ื‘ืึธื‘ื™ื ืึธื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืงื™ืฆืœืขืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืคืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื–ืฉืึธืจื–ืฉ ื‘ืจืืกืื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืจืขืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืืงืึธืžืคึผืื ืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ 
ื“ื–ืฉืื–-ืžืขืฉื•ื’ืึธื™ึดื ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืง"ื -ืจืึธืœื™ืกื˜ ืขื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืฉืขืœื™ื™. 

-- ืžืข ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜... 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ. -- ืฐืึธืก ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื•ืฉ? 

ื“ืขืจ , ืœื™ื™ื‘" ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜: 

-- ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื ื’ืœืขื–ืœ... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ืคืืจืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜. 


ื’ืกืื•ื•ื?" --,ืกืื•ื•ื" 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืงื“ืึธืžืข ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš, ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืฐื™ึดืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืžืืŸ 
ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืฃ ,ืึธื“ืœื-ืœืืฒ. ืžื™ื˜ , ืึธื™ืœืื™ืœื" ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ: ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ, 
ืื ืฆื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก, ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจื™ื‘?, ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“, ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“, ืฆืืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ื‘ืฒื–ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืคืจืข- 
ื’ื•ื ื’, ืงืืก... ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืง, ืฐื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ,ืึธื“ืœื-ืœื"... 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืœืก ืœืขืงืกื™ืง. 

ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ืš, ืฐืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ, ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ื ืคืจืขื’: 

-- ืกืื•ื•ื? 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ: 


1 ืคื™ื ืื ืฅ-ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš. 


127 


-- ืกืื•ื•ื. 

,ืกืื•ื•ื", ืฐืขืŸ ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคืจืขื’ื ื“ื™ืง, ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜: ,ืฐืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ?" ืึธื“ืขืจ ,ืฐื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก?". ,ืกืื•ื" 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜: ,ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’". ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื–ืึธืœ 
ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืืึทื™ืœื-ืœื" ืื•ืŸ ,ืกืืฐื", ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืืฃ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ... 

ืคืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืงื•ืง ืื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืฐืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื’ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ืคืขืจืŸ. ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ: ,ืื›ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืข ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ (ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืงืขืฅ, ืื•ื™ืคืขืก), ืฆืฒืœื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืึธืŸ 4 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜"... ืึธื“ืขืจ: ,ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืขืกืŸ 
ืื•ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ื™ืึธืจ 450 ืžื™ืœื™ืึทืŸ ืงื™ืœืึธื’ืจืื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธื’ -- 64 ืื™ื™ืคืขืœ-ื˜ื•ืจืขืžืก; ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืคืืจ 
ื ื™ืึธืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฐืขื’ื˜ 1 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ 300 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ -- 183 ืื™ื™ืคืขืœ-ื˜ื•ืจืขืžืก.." ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื• 
ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืื“ืจืื˜ืŸ ืงื™ืœืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ 3 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืงืึธืžืขืจืกืื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ 90 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืขืก ืื•ืŸ 4 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœืขืฉืขืจ.. 

ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืœ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื™ 
ืจื•ืงื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืขืจืœื™ื™ ืฉื•ืคึผืœืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืึทืžืึธื“. ืึทืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ื˜ืื ืฆื˜ ืขึถืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธื˜ืจ-ื“ืื... 

ืขืจ ืงืขืจืขืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื ืึธื˜ืจ-ื“ืื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื™ืฆืข, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืืกืคืืœื˜ ืขืคืขืก ื ืฆืฒื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืœื“ืขื˜ 
ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš: 

--- ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ! 

ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ื˜ื•ื–ื™ืื–ื: 

-- ื ืคึผืืจืื“ืึทืงืก, ืึท-ืœืื™ืœื! ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ืข ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ, ื‘ืขืจืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืฐืฑื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืฒึทืจืขืฐ-ื˜ืฒืœ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืฉืืคื˜ -- ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš:ืงื•ืืจื˜ืืœืŸ. ืื•ื‘ ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืŸ ืืŸ 
ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืฃ, ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื–, ื‘ืฑื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื˜ืืจื™ืขืจ ,ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืึธืจื˜* ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš: 
ื•ื•ืื ื˜, ื“ืขื ืืฑื‘ื ืึทืŸ... 

--- ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืืœืฅ ืคืืจื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ... 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืึธ-ืœืื™ืœื? ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื’ืืก.. ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืจื™ ื“ืข ืจื™ืฐืึธืœื™. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ- 
ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืงืจืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืื™ื– ืฐื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืฐื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื’ืืก? 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฆืขืœืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš: 

-- ืจื™ืฐืขืœืข! ืึธ-ืœืื“ืœื! ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืฐืึธืœื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืจื™ืฐืขืœืข... ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ , ืคึผืœืขืฆืœ" ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ? ืึธ, ืึธ! ืœืึธื– 
ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื , ืคึผืœืขืฆืœ". 

ื“ืึธืก , ืคืœืขืฆืœ", ื“ื™ ืจื™ ื“ืข ืจืึธื–ื™ืข, ืื™ื– ื ืžื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืฉืขืคืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ:. ื“ืึธ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 
ืœืึธืฉืŸ; ื“ืึธ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืื•ืจืืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืŸ.ื™. 

ืฐืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืืคืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฐืขื’ืก ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขื ืœื•ึผืฐืจ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื‘ืื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืœ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจืฐืึธืœืงื ื˜. 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ? ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฐื•ึผื ืง, ,ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืžืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื•ึผืฐื•ืจ". ืžืข ืจืฒื ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฐืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉืฐืืจืฅื’ืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ึผืฐืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ,ื 
ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืฆืืฆืงืข". ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ืฆื˜-ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื‘ืึธื ืขืจ ืคึผืื™ 
ืœืืฅ, ืฆื• ื ืฐืฒึทืกืœืฒึทื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืœื•ึผืฐืจ... 

ืคืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืœื™ืกื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ,ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื‘ื•ืœื•ืืจืŸ", ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื”ืฑื– 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขื ืข, ืฆื•ื ืงืึธืœืขื“ื–ืฉ ื“ืข ืคืจืื ืก, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืขืจืข, ืฆื•ื ืคืื ื˜ืขืึธืŸ, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื•ืžืคืืœืขืจ ืืจืงืข ืืคืŸ ,ืคึผืœืืก ืขื˜ื•ืืœ" ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ืคืขืœ-ื˜ื•ืจืขื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืืœืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื–ื•ืš ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืขืคืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืืœ-ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืคืืกืื“. ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ื“ืขื ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทืจืขื ืขื. ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืœ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืกืึธืคึผืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš, ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื™ืคืœ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ, ืฐืขืจ 
ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ, ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืœ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืžื™ืจ. ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื–ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืคึผืขืก, ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืš ืืฐืฆืง-- 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ื ืฆืฐื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืฐืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜, ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืึธืจ-ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™, 
ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉืžืึธืœ ื˜ื™ืฃ-ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, -- ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืืฐืขืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ, ืคืึธืœื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืขื 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืคื™? ืฆื• ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจ (ื‘ืขืฉืืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ) ืฆื•ื–ืื™ 
ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืž. ืฐื™ืœื ืขืจืŸ, ื›ืื™ึดื ืกืœืึธืฐืขืกืŸ, ื’. ืงืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื ื ืฐื™ืœื ืขืจ, ืฉืืจืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืžืืŸ. ืกืœืึธืฐืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ,ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ". 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, ืื–ื ืฐื™ ืืœืข ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ ื”ืฑื–, ืื–ื ืฐื™ ืืœืข 
ืืœื˜ืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื“ืขืžืคึผื˜ ืงืึธืœ: 

-- ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืŸ... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื ื’ืขืฐื™ืกืŸ 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜... 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืขืœืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืžืึธื ืžืืจื˜ืจ, ืืฃ ืจื™ ื“ืข ืกืึธืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ;ื“ื™ ื’ืืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื‘ืขืก", -- ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ืืจืข ,ืœื ืคืืŸ ืื–ืฉื™ืœ", ืฐืึธืก ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– 
ืขืก, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ,ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืจืขืฐื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืจืึธืœื™ืง". 


1 ืฐืฒึทื˜ืฉืขืคืœ ืื™ื– ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืฐืืจื˜ืืœ; ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ (ื ื™ื•" 
ื™ืึธืจืง) ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. 


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ื ืื™ 


ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš: ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืขืคืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืื‘ืืจืข, ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜?.. 
ืื”ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืžืฆืจ ื’ืึทืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ืฐืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืืคื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืื•ื™ื•ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืคืขืจื ืข ื‘ืืจืขืœื™ืขืคืŸ, ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข. ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜. ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื”ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉืฒึท ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง, 
ืคืืจืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืื ื’ ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜. ื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ืžืื ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืืฃ ื ืคึผืจืฒึท ืึธืจื˜. ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ื”ืขืœ:ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื–ืข ืื™ื– ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขื“ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืœืฆื–ืœ ืฐืฒึทื ื˜ืจื•ื™ื‘ืŸ-ืฐืฒึทืŸ. ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืฐืขืง ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’, ืงืึธื ืกื˜ื•, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ืฐื™ืœืกื˜, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืจืื ืง ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืื ื’, 
ื ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ืืจืข, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืœ ืขืจ ืืงืึธืžืคื- 
ื ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, -- ืคืืจืฆื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืึธื ืืฆื™ืฅ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ- 
ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ืฒึทืฐืขื–ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜... 
ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, -- ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืจืืžืงืŸ ืื•ืฃ ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ืกื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืืจืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืคืขืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึธืคืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืืฐื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืกืŸ -- ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคืขืฐื•ืจืืœื™ื˜ืึธื’ (ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื 
ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ) ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืจื˜, ื•ื™ึฐืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืœื™ืฆื™ื™-ืœืฒึทื˜, ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœืขืจื™ื ืขืก, ืฐืขืงืŸ ืื•ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืฉืืจืŸ:, ื–ื™ ื–ืึทืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืื˜ืจ;ืขืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐืืจืขืžืข ืฐืขื ื˜ื™ืœื™ืืฆื™ืข- 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธ, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. ืฆื• ืืฒื ืขืจ ื ืงืึธืžืคึผืื ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืฅืข ืงืœืึธืฉืืจืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื ืฒึทืข ื‘ื 
ืงืื ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜, ื’ืขื ืขืฆื ื“ื™ืง, ื ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ,ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืข ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง" ืื•ืŸ ืžืื™ืขืกื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืฆึถืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืกืคืขืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืืฃ ,ืืจื•ื™ืกืœืึธื–ืŸ" ืคืืœืฉ ื’ืขืœื˜. ืื•ื™ืš ืขืจ ืฐื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืฒื ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ืคืขืจืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืื ื“: ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ 1300 ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืœืขืจ... 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืจืฒืฒืขืจ ืฉืึธ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืข ืื™ืš ืืจื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ. ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ,ืจื•ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืฆื’". ื“ื™ ืคืืจ- 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืืก ืกืข"-ื–ืฉืืง ืžื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐื•ืืงืกืขื ืข ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืก. ืื™ืš 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ืขืจ ืืฃ ื ืจืื ื“ืขืฐื•ึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืคืงืขืจ"ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืกื•ื ืฐื™ืึธืŸ. ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข. ืฐืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ึธืึธื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืœื™ื“, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืฅ: 
ืึท, ืคืจืื ืกื•ื, ื ื™ื˜ ืœืืš, ื ืึทืจ ืงืœืึธื’, 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ -- ืขืจ ืœืึทื–ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ืกืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืคืœ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธื’, 
ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืกืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ , ื‘ื•ืœื•ื•ืืจ ืืฐื’ื•ืกื˜ ื‘ืœืื ืงื™". ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ,ื“ื™ 40 ื™ืึทืจ ื˜ืคื™ืกืข, --- ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืื ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื ื•ืž. 25, -- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ึทืฉืืคื˜ ื“ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืงืœืืก...* 

ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืขืจ ืจื™ ืžืืจื™-ืจืึธื–, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืง ืžืื ืกื•ืจื™, ื’ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ืืจื•ื ื ืคืืจ- 
ื’ืืคื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉื™.. 


ื™ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืฐื•ึผ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืœ, ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืข- 
ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืฆื• ื‘ืืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ื“ืขื ืงืžืขืœืขืจ? 

ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืœืก ืฐืฑื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื’ืขืฉืžืืงืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื˜ืœ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืคืจื•ื™. 

ื“ืขืจื–ืขืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ืš, ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืขื˜ืœ ืืฃ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ: 

-- ืกืื•ื•ื? 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ: 

-- ืกืื•ื•ื. 


ื ืึทืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ืฉืื‘ืขืก 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื™ึดืฆื›ืึธืง ืฉื ืฒื™ืขืจืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ-ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคื™ืœื ,ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ืฉืื‘ืขืก". 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืžืฒึทืกืข, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืœ:ืืฐื•ื™ืฐ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืืœื˜ ื‘ืื ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ื ื–ืึธืงืŸ ื ื‘ืืœ-ืืฐืฒื™ืจืขื ื™ืง, ืืฒึทืœืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืขืงื•ื™ืžืขืก ืืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื›ืฒืœืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืžื’ืขื–ืขืฆืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึธื ื™ื. 
ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ืื– ื“ื™ ืžืืžื–ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืฐื™ืœืŸ ืœืขืžืืŸ-ื”ืืฉืขื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขื’ ืฉื˜ืฒื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืึธืจ ื ืกืืš 
ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืข? ืื™ื– ื ืกืืš ื–ืื›ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ืฉืื‘ืขืก... 

ืืฃ ื•ื™ืคืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื™ึดืฆื›ืึธืง ืฉื ืฒืขืจืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉืื‘ืขืก, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืจืฒื™ื“ืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื. ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื˜, ืืŸ ืื•ื•ืกื˜ืจืืœื™ืขืจ 


= 


ื’ ืฉืœืขืคึผืขืจ, ื”ืฒื™ืžืœืึธื–ืข. 


129 


ืจืึธืฐ, ืฐืึทืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืึธ, ื‘ื ืฉื ืฒืขืจืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื™ืกืŸ, ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ,ืืจื•ื™ืกืœืึธื–ืŸ ืืœืข ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ*, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

--- ืจืขื‘ ืจืึธืฐื•, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ืฉืื‘ืขืก. ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฐืึทื›ืŸ... 

ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจ ืžืืจืงืŸื• 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง: 

-- ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืกื˜ืจืืœื™ืข ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆืฒื™ืœืŸ, ืื– ื‘ื ื”ืึธืจืื• ืฉื ืฒืขืจืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืงืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉืื˜... 


, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืึธืฐ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉืžื•ื’ืœื˜ ื 


ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื ื ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืก-ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉ-ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืข- 
ืœืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘: ืคื™ื ืงืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ืข ืคื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืœืขื˜ืฉ. 

ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื‘ืืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื ื™ื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ืืจืฑืกืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืžืคืขื˜ืขื ื˜- 

ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคืจืขื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื ื‘ืขืจ ืžืืจืงืŸ: 

-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืงื ื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš? ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื™ืกืขืš... 

ืžืืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืื ื’ ื ืกืึธืœื™ื“ืŸ ืืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜: 

-- ืื– ืžืข ื’ื™ื˜, ืขืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ... 

ื™ื™ึดืฆื›ืึธืง ืฉื ื™ื™ืขืจืกืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึทื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ึธื•ื ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜: 

-- ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืงื ื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: 

-- ื‘ืืœื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš. 

= 


ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขืจืืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ 


ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืคื™ืจืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืืŸ ืื’ื™ื˜ืืฆื™ืข ืคืืจ ืžืืฆืข? 


ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืงืขืจ) ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื™ื–ืึธื“ 
: = ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืขื˜ ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜, , ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื ื“ื™ืง 
ืจืกืึทื ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜... 
-- ื‘ืื ืฆืืจื™ื‘ืื˜ื™ื•ืฉืงื, ื™ื™ ืื™ ืฉืžื•ื™ ืฐืขื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™?, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื–ื ืคืืกืงื•ื“ืกื˜ืฐืข -- ื ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึท 
ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจืกื˜ืฐืข ืคื•ืŸ 
5 


ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฐื ื•ื˜ืจืขื ื™ืš ื“ื™ืฆืœ. 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืืงืœืืงืึธืฐืŸ ืื™ื–, ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 


ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืฅ. 


ืื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืืกื™ืœื™ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ืงืื“ืขื˜ื™ึฟ. ื‘ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืœื™ืก- 
ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืืฉื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืข. ืžืขื”ืฒ-ื˜ืฒึทืžืข+ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื•ืŸ, 


- 
ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืกื™ืœื™ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื 


ืื– ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืข 
ืคึผืจื™ืงืื– ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจื ื™ื’ืึธืฐ ื™ื• ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืื– ืขื ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจ. ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ื‘ืึทืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืจ ื“ื•ืžืข, ื˜ื• ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืœืขื˜ื•ื™ืฐืขืก ื“ื™ ื ื“ืขื˜ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืกื™ืœื™ ืืœืขืง- 
ืกื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื ื•ืฅ. ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ืืงื•ื ืื™ืš ื ืงืฐื™ื˜?, ืื– ืžืข ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขื• 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื™ื˜ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืื–ืขื˜ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืฑื™ื ืขืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฑื™ืกืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ืš ืจื•ืคื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื›ื™ื“ืข-ืกื’ื•ืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืจืขื“ื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ: 

-- ื’ืึธืกืคึผืึทื“ื™ืŸ ืงืื–ื™ืึธื ื™ ืจืืฐื™ืŸ, -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ื™ืก ืงืขืœื›ืœ, -- ืื•ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ืœื˜ ืฐื™ืกืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืืœืก 
ื™ืขืฐืจื™ื™, ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ืžืคืขืจื™ืข ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืกื˜ืจืื ื™ืขืฅ, ืืŸ ืขื˜ืจืื ื–ืฉืข, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก. 

(ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื˜, ื ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ 
ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ืขืจืกืึทืŸ ื”ืึทื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ). 

ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืจืฒื“, ื”ืึทื‘ ืื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืืžืœื˜, ืื– ืื™ืš ืฐืฒื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ืกืึธืงืึธืคึผืจืขืฐืึธืกื›ืึธื“ื™ื˜ืขืœื™ 
ืกื˜ื•ื•ืข ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ืžืืงืœืืงืึธื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜: 

-- ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืจืื–ืจืขืฉืขื ื™ืข -- ื ืคึผืขืจืžื™ืกื™ืึธืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก -- ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื ืึธื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืึธืกื•ื“ืืจืกื˜ืฐืขื ืข ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื... -- ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื˜: --- ื’ืึธืกืคึผืึธื“ื™ืŸ ืงืื–ื™ืึธื ื™ ืจืืฐื•ื™ืŸ, ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜... 


ืจื ื™ื’ืึธืฐ! ื ื•, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก'ื ื™ื˜:ืื™ื– 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ,ื–ืฉืข ืจืขื’ืจืขื˜, ืžืขืกื™ืข"", -- ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš, ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืืฃ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ; ืื™ืš 
ืฐื™ืœ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜... ืกืึธื–ืฉืืœืขื™ื•, ืฐืืฉืข ืฐื™ืกืึธืงืึธืคึผืจืขืฐืึธืกื›ืึธื“ื™ื˜ืขืœ- 
ืกื˜ืฐืึธ, --- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจืฒึทื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืงืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืคื™ืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื‘ืื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ ื’ืœืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ: ,ื‘ื ืื–ื ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจ ืฐื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™- 


1 ืคืจืึธืค. ื‘ืขืจ ืžืืจืง, ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึทืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ื”ืึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง. 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึทืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขื ืง ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืขืงื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ; 5 ื ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ื™ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืืœืข ืคืืจื˜ืฒื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืจื•ืก" 
ืœืื ื“; + ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื˜ื™ืฐ; 5 ืืฑื™ืกื“ืขืจืฐืฒืœื˜ืข; 6 ืื™ืš ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ืืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืฑื™ื›ืฐื•ื™ืœื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ (ืืฃ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ -- ืื™ืš 
ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืจ). 


130 


ื ืขืจ!.*" ื”ืืงืœืืœ, ืœืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ 
ื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืื“ื’ืื“ื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’... 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืกื˜ืจืืœื™ืขืจ ืจืึธืฐ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืงืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืจื™ื™ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ, ืึธื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืคื•ืœืข ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ืขื, ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜: 

-- ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ? 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: 

-- ืจืขื‘ ืจืึธืฐ, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ืฉืื‘ืขืก. ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฐืึธื›ืŸ... 


ื–ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ?ืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืคืืจ- 


ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ึผืฐืฐืจ 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ึผืฐืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึทื ืกืึธื ืขืŸื’ 
ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื 
ืงืฑื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืœื•ึผืฐืจ. 
ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื’ ื‘ืขื˜ ืืจืึธื ืกืึธืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ: 
-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื– ื ืคึผืฒึทื ืขื ืงื•ื™ื ืข... ื“ืจืฒึท ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœื™ืืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืฅ- 
ืฉืืคืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื! ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฆื• ื ืจืขื’ืข, ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœื˜... 


, ืื™ื™ืฆืข ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ืกืคืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ 
ื™ื ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, 


ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืฐืขืจืง ,ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžึฟืึทื ืคึผืืจื ืืก". ืฐืขืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื, ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธ- 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ื•ืืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืข: 

-- ืงืœื•ื’ื™ื˜ืฉืงืข!.. ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืืคื™ื˜ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืœืื ื“, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 


ื›ื™ื“ืขืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ 


ืฉืข ืขืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืŸ 


ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“... 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ืงืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืžืืžืขืฉ ื ืฉืฒึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ: 

-- ื˜ืืงืข ื ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืจ ืงืฑื™ื ืข, ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ.. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืกืืš ืงืจื•ื™ืฐื™ื... ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืงืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืฆื•ื ื™ืฅ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ.. 

ืฐื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ืขืคื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœื•ึผืฐืจ, ื”ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืืจ-ืขืงืกืคึผืื - 
ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืฆืขืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืืœืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื ืื˜ื•ืจืŸ, ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึธื ืกืึธื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขืคืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืจืฒื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข 
ื˜ืึทืจืžืึธื–ืŸ, ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืžื•ื™ืจืข ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ื›ื™ืœ 
ืืจืึธืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ืืจื•ืžืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืœื•ึผืฐืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื– ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืืฃ ืื™ื ื“ืึธ ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ ืื–ื ื ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– -- ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒืขืจืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคืŸ -- ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™. ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืฉื™ืจ* 
ื”ืืฉื™ืจื™ืื™ื™, , ืื™ืœื™ืื“ืขื™ื™, ,ืคืื•ืกื˜" 


ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ึผื•ื•ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึธื ืกืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืœืข ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื‘ื ืœืขืึทื ืืจื“ืึธ ื“ื ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉื™ืก ,ื“ื–ืฉืึธืงืึธื ื“ืฅ", ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœ ื‘ืื ืืงืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื˜: 

-- ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืคืœื™ื™ืฆืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง, ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜? 

ืื™ืš ืฉืขื ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื›ืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš ืื ื“ืจืข ืžืืœืจืึธ, ืื•ืขืงืฉื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืžืึธื ื ืœื™ื–ืืŸ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข, ืฆืขืฉืจืฒึทื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึทืŸ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ: 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ?! ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง! ื“ื™ 500 ืžื™ืœื™ืึทืŸ 
ื ืฒึทืฅ ืคืจืื ืงืŸ, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืกื˜ืจืื›ื™ืจื˜ ,ื“ื–ืฉืึธืงืึธื ื“ืข*, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื ืฉืคึผืฒึท ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ... ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ! ื’ืื ืฅ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ืืŸ ืืœืคืึธืœืงื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ื“ื•ื ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื‘ืืจ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืžืึธื ื ืœื™ื–ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืึทืงืขืืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืึทืœืฅ ืคืฒึทืขืจืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ: 

--- ืžื™ืจ, ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ืžื˜ืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื’ื™ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐื™ืœ ื–ื™ ื–ืขืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืจืืคืืขืœืก ืคืึธืจื ืืจื™ื ื, ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืฒึทืŸ ื ืกืึธื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจืฑืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืขึถืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฑื ืขืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื ื˜ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–: 

-- ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข... ืข, ืžืข ืžืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ... 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื–ืืœ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ ืืฐืขืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืคึผื™ืจื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืœื“. ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคืึธืœื’ื˜ 
ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืขืจื•ื ื’. ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึธื ืกืึธื ืขืŸ. 

ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืืฐืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ืืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื–ื ืจืขื“ืข: 

-- ืจื•ื‘ืขื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืžืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืกื˜ื ืก ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ'ืึธ ื•ืืŸื“ื™ื™ืง. ืึธืคึผื˜ ืฐืฒื™ืก ืื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ืขืจ, ืจื•ื‘ืขื ืก, ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืฅ ื‘ื™ืœื“. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ื”ืื ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืขืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืจืžืืŸ, -- ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ! -- ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืœืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืืฐื•ื™ืจืŸ! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ืขื›ืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ื ืฃ-ืื•ืŸ-ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืข. ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.., 


1 ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึธื ืกืึธืŸ (ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึธืŸ) -- ื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืงืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜. 


131 


ื™ื™ ืจ ื ื ื™ื• 


ืฐืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืœื•ึผืฐืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืฆื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืึธ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ -- ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ -- 


ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื–ืืœืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื›ื™ืœ ืืจืึธื ืกืึทืŸ: 
--- ืค-ืค-ื•, ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ... 


ืจื™ ืคืืจืื“ื™, 14 

,ืคืืจืื“ื™ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืื ื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืจื™ ืคืืจืื“ื™ --- ื“ื™ ื’ืืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื ื™ื™ื“ืŸ. 

ื ื’ืืก, ืฐื™ ืืœืข ื’ืืกืŸ, ื ืกืืš ืงืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืคืึธืจ, ืคืื™ืื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขืจืœืฒ ื’ืขืคืขืก. 

ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ ืคืืจืื“ื™, 14, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืืคื˜ ื ืžื™ืŸ 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ืฉืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ืœืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ื‘ื 
ื”ื™ื™ื. ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข. 

ื“ืึท ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืื‘ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ (,ืื•ื™ืึธืŸ") ื“ืึธ 
ืงืœืืคื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืคืจืขืกืข", ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื ื˜ื™ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืืžืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข 90 ืฉืœืื ื˜ ื™ืžืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขื ืข ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืงื•ืคื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš... 

ื™ืึธ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื”ืขืจืึธื™ึดืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ ืคืืจืื“ื™, 14 -- ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจืฆ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. 

ื ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ืคึผืจืึทื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ! 

ื ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ืจื™ ืคืืจืื“ื™, 14! 

ืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืžืึทืœ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœื‘ืขืจื˜ ื™ื•ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขื ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ": ,ืืฃ ืฐืึธืกืขืจ 
ืคึผืœืื˜ืคืึธืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข??, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ืฆืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: ,ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืื˜ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ 120 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื“ืขืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื–ื™ื™ืจืข ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ 25 ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืื˜ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 7 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื 21 ืืฐื’ื•ืกื˜ 1941 ืืจืึธืคึผ 
ืื™ืŸ 11:ื˜ืŸ ืืจืื ื“ื™ืกืžืืŸ: ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื ืขื ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึทื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข-ืœืื’ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 30 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืžืขื ืขืจ, ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜, ื“ืึธื ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขื 
6 ื™ื•ืŸ 1942, ืืจืฒื™ึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ืฐืขืœืึธื“ืจืึธื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš -- ืฆื• ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ -- ืึธืคึผื™ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขืžืื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก. ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืื˜ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืžืื• ืจ 
ื˜ืฉืืคึผืฒื™ืขื•ื•), ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืงื–ืขืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื‘; ืขืœืกื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ ืคืึธืŸ ืฉืื•ืžื‘ืขืจื’; ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉืขืจ ืึธื˜ืจื™ืื“ ืคืจืฒึทืฉื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ืขืจ, ืคื•ื ืข 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ,ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“", ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ,ืขืœื™ื˜ืืึธื˜ืจื™ืื“", ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืื˜ืืœืืึธ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืึทืŸ, ,ืคึผืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜* (,ืœื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืขื™) ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขื ืึธื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ,,ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืœืื ื’ืขืจ" (ืืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืจ 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืื˜ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืืžืคืกื™ื’ืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืื , ืื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ" ืืฃ ื / 
ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข; ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 35 ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืื˜ืจื™ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก:ืื•ืคื™ 
ืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืฒืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืื˜ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ื™ 


ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ 


== 
,ื“ืจืื ืกื™"; 


ืจืกื˜ืœ ืจืฒื™ึทืžืืŸ (ื“ืขื ืคืืจื™ 
ืฒ2 ;= = 


ืŸ ื’ืจืึธืก ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ" 
ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ืื“ 

,ืงืืจืžืื ื™ืึธืœ* 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืœื•ื–. 
ืขืจืŸ ืขื˜ืืค ืคื•ืŸ 


ื ืื“ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ืŸ -- ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืืœืขืจ ,ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืคืจืขืกืข", ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธืงื•ืคึผืื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืึทืœืงืก-ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, : ื“ื™, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืžืึธืจื™ืก ื˜ืึธืจืขื– ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 


ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื“ื™ืืžืื ื˜ืก? ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ื 
ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ืก-ืงืืžืฃ"): ,ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคืืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒื™, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืืœืข ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึท ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืจืขืกื ืขืคืขืฉ..* 

ื ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ืคึผืจืึทื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ! 

ื ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ืจื™ ืคึผืืจืื“ื™, 14! 

ื ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืืจืŸ ืขืœื™ ื•ื•ืืœืืš, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ. ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ื”ื™ืžื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื’ืข- 
ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืจืึธืœืื ืขืŸ. ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืœืฒืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืฆ ื‘ืจื™ื•, -- 
ืขืœื™ ื•ื•ืืœืืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืจื’ืข ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ, ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜ 
ืืคืŸ ืžืึธืŸ-ื•ื•ืืœืขืจื™ืืŸ, ื‘ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื˜ืืคึผืึทืฐืฆืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืฆื 27 ื™ื•ืœ 1942 ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ: 

,ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืคึผื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ืœืืš. ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ... ืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืฒื™, ืงื•ืง 
ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ืก, ืื™ืš ืฐืขื ื“ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืืคืŸ ืฐืขื’. ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ ืื™ื– ื ืฉืฐืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืฒึทื ืœืข- 
ื›ืขืจ. ืžืข ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ, ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจืึธืคึผ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฑืก..." 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒื™ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฐื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืฉืขืฐ. 
ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ,ืื•ื ื™ืึธืŸ* ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจื•ืžืคื•ืœืข ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก ื’ืจื•ืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ- 
:ืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืฒึทืžื™ื, ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. 

ื ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ! 

ื ื“ืื ืง ืคืืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืืกื˜ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜! 

(ืคืึทืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืงื•ืžื˜) 

1 ื ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ. 

= ื“ืึธืฐื™ืšื“ ื“ื™ืืžืื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืืจืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืกื˜ืข 
ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ,ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“* ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจื™ 
ืฉื˜ืื ื“ -- ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืืžื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“. 


ืžืึทื˜ืœ ืกืืงืฆื™ึดืขืจ 


ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ 


(ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ื™ืึทื’ืจืืคื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืฉืืฆื•ื ื’) 


297 ื™ืœืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ, ื’ืฒื™ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืื ื“", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื™ื™ืฆืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืข. ืื™ืš 


ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ืš ื“ืข 


ื’ืฒืŸ ืื™ืŸ ,ืœืื ื“" ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื–ื™ืงืข ืžืขื’- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉืืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขืšืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก. 
ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ื›ืืฐืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืื ืงืขื•ื• ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’. ืคืืจื™ 
ื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืึธืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธืฐื™ืฅ, 
ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’, ืืจื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ 
ืืจืฒึทื ืฆื•ื›ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ"ืฉื˜ืฆื˜ืœ ืœื™ืคืงืืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืงืึธืฐื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. 


ืืฃ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืืฒื“ืขืจ ืกื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืืจื™ืขืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ื›ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธืคืคื™ืจืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ. ;ืžื™ืจ" ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ื›ื•ืฅ 
ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’ืŸ, ื ึถืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจืขืก 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืงื˜ืจื™ืกืข ืกื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืืœ, 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืึธืคืŸ"ื‘ืขืกืืจืื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜? ืœื™ืคืงืืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื" 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฉื˜ืืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืขื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื - 
ื‘ืืจื’. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ-ืœื•ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืข ื™ืื ืงืขื• ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข 
ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜-- ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ-ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ -- ืฆื• ืžืขืœื“ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ืฐื™ ืคึผืจืึธืงืœืืžื™ืจืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆืฐืฒื™ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฐื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฐื™ืจื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจื’ืื ืฆืขืจืก. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื 
ืงืื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ืขืœื™ืขื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื ืขืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืฅ- 
ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธืฐื™ืฆืขืจ ื’ืืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืงืขืจืขืฐืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉืึทืกืฒ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒ 
ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื’ื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืกื˜ืจืข ื˜ืฒึทืš ืคืจื•ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ,ื–ื™ืกืข ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ", ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžืึธืœื“ืืฐื™ืฉืข ื“ื•ื™ื ืขืก. 


ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืžื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคื™ืฉืข ืคืขืœ- 
ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ, ืืœืก 
ื™ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคึผืืกืื–ืฉื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœื™ืคืงืืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืคืขืจื“-ืื•ืŸ"ืฐืขื’ืขืœืข 
{(ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืก ืžื™ืกื›ืึธืจื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื˜ืขืจ ืืจืึธืคึผ) ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ื ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืฆืืจื˜ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ืžืคืืจื’ืขืกืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 


ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,ื‘ืœืขื ื“ืขื ื™ืฉ". ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื’ืื ื“ื™ 
ื“ืขืจืคืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขื’, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืืžืึธืœื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืขื ืข ื“ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืคื•ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื ื™ืฆื˜ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืืจื‘ื˜ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืขืงืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก 
ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœื“ืืฐื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, -- ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืžืึธืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื 
ืงืจืขื ืขืฆืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืขืงืจืฒืฆื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœืขื.. ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืœืื ื“ืฉืืคื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ืกืคื™ืจืืฆื™ืข-ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’ืก ื ื•ื™ืฆืจื™-ืžืึธื˜ื™ืฐืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืึทืขื–ื™ืข. 

ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื–ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืึธืš, ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก, ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืžืึธืก. ืœื™ืคืงืืŸ ื’ื•ืคืข, ื“ืขืจ ,ื‘ืขืกืืจืื‘ืขืจ 
ืึทืœื™ืžืคึผืฒ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื‘, ื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ืคื ืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข- 
ื“ื™ืงืข ื“ื•ื ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฆืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ --ื 
ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ-ื‘ืจื•ืš. ืจื•ื™ืฉื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื›ืœื™ืืคึผืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉืœืืงืกืจืขื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืกื˜ื™ื›ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ โ€ ืืœืฅ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจืฉืคึผื•ื ื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืข 
ืจืขื–ืขืจืฐื•ึผืืจืŸ. ื ืžืื‘ืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ! ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ, ืฐื™ ื ื™ืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ื™ื™ืฐืข -- ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ื ืคื•ืก. ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืฐื™ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ- 
ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ: 


ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, 

ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืืจื•ืžืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืื ืึธืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื’ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข... 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึทื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึทื ื˜ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืจืขืœืกืงืขืจ ืงืœื•ื™ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืืžืขืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ื" 


ืจื™ืžื˜-ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืคืืจืืœืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืข- 
ืฆื™ืฉืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’ืก ;ืกืคึผื•ืจื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื":, ืื•ืŸ 


1 ืกื™ืคื•ืจืฒื™ ื›ืืกื™ื“ื™ื -- ื›ืกื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


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ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขืกืžืขื“ืจืขืฉ (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืœืคื™'ื ืขืก ื’ืื ืฅ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื™ืกืจืฒืคืข), ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ 
ืขืœื™ืขื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’, ื ืึธืš ืืœืก ืžืืกืžื™ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื’ื˜ 
ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื’ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ -- ืฆื•ื ื”ื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืืจืง ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื–, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืฐื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืึธื ืขืฐ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคึผื™ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœืึธื‘ืืœ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื’ืขืฐืขืจ -- ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœ-ืคืืจืฉืืจืคื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืฉืœ, 
ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคืจืฒึทืก-ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืคืึธื›ืข. ืื”ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจื - 
ื‘ืขืจื’ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ืŸ ื–ืฒืขืจืข ืฆืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคืึธ- 
ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐืŸ. ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืฆื•ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืžืึทืœื™ืงืขืจ ,ื˜ืืžืึธื–ืฉื ืข ื’ืืก", ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’ืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืึทื‘ืขึถืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื–. ืืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืฐืขื ืงื˜ืŸ 
ืฉืฒึทื‘ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืš 
ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ,,ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจืึธืคึผ" ืฆื•ื ืคึผืจื•ื˜, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึท 
ื’ืขืœืฒืขื ื˜ ื‘ื ืืœื˜ืžืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืฉื  
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ... ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืžืฒึทืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื– ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืฐืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืœื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฒึทืš, ืฐื•ึผ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ;ืึทืœื™ืžืคึผื™ืื ืขืจ" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ื˜ืืžืขื“ื“ื˜ืขื’ ืฉืึธืขื ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืคึผืจืืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒืขืจืข 
ืงื•ื ื“ื™ื™ืกื™ืืฉื˜ื™ืง. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืจื•ืฉื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ืขืก. ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืœื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืœืคืืจ; ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืจ ื“ืขืฃ /ืฆืœ" 
ื’ืฒึทื ืขืจืฉืขืจ ื’ืืก", ืฐื•ึผ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐืืงืกืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ,ืžืื”ืืœื":, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืข-- ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื’ืฒึทื ืขืจื™ืฉืข, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ,ืคึผืื ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ืข" ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืขืฅ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืจืึทืŸ ืคืึทืŸ 
ืจืึธื–ืขืŸ (ืœื™ืคืงืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜). ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜, ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืืœื˜- 
ืžืื ืก ืคึผืืจืฉื•ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขืœื™ืงืœื™ื™ื˜ืœ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื”ืึทืจืขืฐืขื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฒื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื™ื•ื™ื“ื™ื™ืข-ื ืื’ืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึทื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœืืžื“ืึทื ื™ื, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื 
ืจืขื•ื•ืื ืฉื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืืžื“ืึธื ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืกื™ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’ ืงื ืขืœืŸ. 

ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื”ืืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ืข ืคืขื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื“ื™ 
ืคืืจื•ืžืขืจื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึตืœ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ- 
ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืจื˜ืœื–ืึธื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆืึธื ืขืกื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ , ืฉืœืฑื™- 
ืžืข ื“ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ ,ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ", ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฐืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืœื•ื™ืžืข ื“ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ืขืจ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ื ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืขืจ ื›ืฒึท-ืฐืขืงืฒึทืขื, ื“ืึธืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืขื›ืขืจืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ: ,ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืจื™ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืืฒึทืš, ืจืขื‘ ืžืขื ื“ืœ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืงืขื ืขืจ -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ 
ื ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ืฆื•ื ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฐื™ืกืŸ 


1 ืคืขืจื™ืคืขืจื™ืข (ืžืึธืœื“ืืฐื™ืฉ), 


154 


ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš, ืจืขื‘ ืžืขื ื“ืœ, ืื– 
ืกื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืฒ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื–ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืขืœืข, ืฐื™ 
ืื™ืจ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคืืจืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข"... (,ื‘ืœืขื - 
ื“ืขื ื™ืฉ"). 

ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฐื™ื–ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืง ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื”ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ 
ื›ืืคืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ,ืคืจืขื ืงืœืก ื–ืืœ", ืฐื•ึผ ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืฅ- 
ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืื–ื™ืึธื ืขืจ 
ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื™ืกื™ืŸ. ื‘ื ืึธื˜ 6 ืงืื–ื™ืึธื ืขื ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ,ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืžืก ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ", 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ. ืื“ืื ืง ืื™ื 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืึธืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฆืขืคืจืืœื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฒื’ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืฐื™ึดืขืก-ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก, 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืฒื™ืฉืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืจืงืจื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืคื•ื™ืขืœ-ื™ื•ื™ืฆืข ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืฆื™ึธืืœืŸ ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜. ืœื•ื˜ 
ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜-ื‘ืื ืขื, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืง ืืฃ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื›ืจืฒึทืขืก, 


ืงืœืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืฆื’ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืœื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืขืžืึธืœ 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื ืึทื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืคื™ืœืึธืกื 
ืฆื™ืืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืงืŸ 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, -- ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึทืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ื™ึทืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืกื˜ืข ื’ื™ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึทืš ื‘ืืžื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ 
ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืื ื“ื”ืืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœ; ืฆึน 
ืื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืขื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื’ื™ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื, -- ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
2 ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจ 


ืกื™ื” ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืคืง?, 


ืฉื™ื˜ 


ืฉื˜ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืืฃ 


ื™ื ืข ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ , ืžืขื“ืจืฆืฉ 


ืคืขื›ืขืก ืื•ืŸ , ืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ", ืก ื”ืขืœื“ ืžืึธื˜? 
ืžืจื• ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขืจ ื’ื•ืคืข. ืคืืจ* 
ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืž. ืืœื˜ืžืื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื“ื™ืงืฅ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื™ืžึฟื™ 


ืึธืคึผ. ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืฉืขืฐืข 
ืคืขืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืฆืœื˜-ืงืจื™ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืฆืขืฉื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืกืŸ -- ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืž. ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธืฐื™ืฅ, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœ- 
ื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ืืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืง. ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืœ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืืžืฃ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก -- ืคืืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืฅ. ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืข, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ. ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืข- 
ืกื™ื•ืข , ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืขื“ืขืจืืฆื™ืข", ืื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืฐืขืง ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืึธืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดืฉืขืฐ ืืœืก 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืขื“ืขืจื- 
ืฆื™ืข". ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ,ืคืขื“ืขืจืืฆื™ืข" ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืš , ื‘ืœืขื ื“ืขื ื™ืฉ", 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜-ืžืฒึทืœืขืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื™ืืจื™ืฉ-ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉืข 
ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื’ื™ 
ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืขื“ืขืจืืฆื™ืข ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืืจืฒึทื ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 


ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืืœืงืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืืจื•ื ื–ืขืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืœื˜- 
ืžืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ื‘ืืœ:ืžื™ืฉืคืึธื›ืข, ื ืžืข- 
ื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฆื•ืงืขืจ- 
ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืœืขืจื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืืกืžื™ื“, ื“ืขืจืœืขืจื ื˜ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ, ื‘ืืงืขื ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืขื– ืคืืจื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ 
ืคืืจื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืฐืืœ 

ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืจืข, ืืŸ ื ื”ืึทื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื“ืขื ื ืึธื’ื™ื“ 
ืื“ื™ืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืืคืงืข ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืขืจ ืืจื™ ืื™ื–, 
ืžืขื•ื•ืื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ:ืฐืฒื ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืขืจ 
ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืขืœืขืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืึธืจื“ื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืขืžื™ื’ืจื™ืจื˜ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื ืงืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ื’ื™ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื. ืฐืขืจื - 
ื“ื™ืง ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒื™ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜? ืฆื•ื ื”ืื ื“ืœ-ืฐืื ื“ืœ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื–ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืœืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืขืกืืจืื‘ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ืฐื™ ื ื–ื•ืžืค; ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจ- 
ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ --,ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข ืื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ--ื ืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื‘ืœื•ื˜: ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืžืขื›ื•ื™ืขื•ื• ืฆื• ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ" 
ืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืคื™ื ื’ืขืŸ=)=- ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ื ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืฉืขื ืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ,ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืึธืคึผืขืจืื˜ื™ืฐื•ืข 
ืฐืึธืจื˜". ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฅ- 
ืกืื ื˜ืข ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื™ 
ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืขืง ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ -- 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืงืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ืฒึทื’ืขืจื™ ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืื– ืžื™ื˜ 
ืงืึธืึธืคึผืขืจืื˜ื™ืฐืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ืข ื‘ืืœื™ื ื˜ืื•ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืึธ- 
ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืฒื–ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืกืึทืฆื™ืืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ? ื’ืขืฐื™ืก ื ื™ื˜. 
ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืœื˜ืข ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืข ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื“:ืืจื‘ืขื˜, 
ื ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื•ืื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืก-ืื“ืึธืžืข, ื ืฉื•ื•ืื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธืจืฅ- 
ืคึผืืฉื ื™ืง, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ,ื ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžืขืงืื ืข ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืฉืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืคืก-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื•ืื ืขืŸ, ืืฐืขืง- 
ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืกื›ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืืคื™ืœืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ,ืฉื˜ืึธื˜* ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ื–.." 
(,ืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ"). ืื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ื•ื™ืจ?, ื’ืขื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืขืจื“, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธืคืขืจื“ื™ืง 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืœื•ื–ืฉื‘ืข ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ- 
ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜, ืฐื™ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืœืขื˜ืข ื™ืขืกื•ืจื™ื, ืื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื ืึธืš ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืืœ ืื™ื–ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืงืืจืขืฉื˜. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืœื™ื•ื–ื™ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ืฐืึธืจืขื ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ืžืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืžืขื“ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืขืก ืžืืœื›ืขืก, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืงื˜ื•ืขืœืข ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื’ืื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฉืจืฒื™ึทื‘ืขืจ, ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ,ืœืื›ืžืึธ ื“ืขืื ื™ืึธื™? ืืœืก 
ืœื™ื ืงืข, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื•ืงืืจืขืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ" 
ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ื™ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื ืฉืขืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœ-ื“ืขืžืึธืงืจืื˜ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ:ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื ืึธื™ 
ืจืืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื’ืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืงืืจืขืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืงื˜ื ื“ืœื™ื’ืข". ื ื‘ื•ืš ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ึทืฉืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคืื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืืœืกื˜ืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืž'ืื™ื– ื‘ืืจื•ืคืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจ- 
ื ืึธืฐื™ืฅ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื“ืื’ืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ืฐืฒึทื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืืฑื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื‘ืื’ืื‘ื•ื ื’. ื™ืื ืงืขืฐื• 
ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื- 
ื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื˜ื•ืจืงืืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ืื™ืŸ 1917 ื™ืึธืจ, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืคืื“ืŸ-ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืื ืงื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ืขืœ 
ืฆื™ื’" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ -- ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื’ืื ื– 
ืœืื ื“. 

ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, 
ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืขื- 
ื‘ืขืกืืจืื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืœื™ืึทืฐืฅ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ 35 ื™ืึธืจ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ, ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ,ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœื™ื’ืข". ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืืงื˜. ืืœื˜- 
ืžืืŸ, ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืื ืึธืข. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคื ืขื 
ื‘ืืคืœื™ื’ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ. 
ืขืจ ืคืืจื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทืกื˜ ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคืŸ. 
ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ืื”ื... ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื 
ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜, ื“ืขื ืคืึธื“ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง. ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื, ืขืจ 
ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ืฐื™ ื ืงื•ื ืฆื ืžืื›ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜, ืื•ืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ- 
ืฐืขืจืง, ื ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก. 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึทืขืจ. ื ืกื™ืžืขืŸ: ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื–ื™ืกืŸ---ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืงื™ื™ื˜ืœื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ 
ืื™ื–, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืฉืžื•ืขืกื ื“ื™ืง 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืืœื˜- 
ืžืื ืก ืกื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ -- 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. ืฐืฒึทืœ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจ. ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜. ื’ืขืฐืฒื ืœืขื›ืฅ 
ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืฒื ืœืขื›ืข 
ืกื•ื–ืฉืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš, ืื™ืŸ ืกืื›ืืงืœ -- ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืขืฐืฒื™ื ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื›ืืคื ื“ื™ืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข, ื“ืขื ืื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ืขื ,ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก". ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืกืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธืฐืขืœืŸ, ืกืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง 
ืคืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืข-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื™ 
ื˜ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืืžืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื˜ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืจืฒึทืกืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฆื™ืœ. ืืœื˜ืžืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื 
ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš --- ืกื™ื™ ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜, ืกืฒึท ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ 
ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ. 

ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืืงืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ื 
ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื ืื™ื, ืœืขืžืึธืฉ?ืœ, ืฐื™ ืืฐื™ื ืขืจ 
ืงืืจืขื˜ืข". ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื–ื ืงืึทื ื“ืขื - 
ืกื™ืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื– ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืงืœืขืงื˜ ืืฃ ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืจืึธืžืืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืงื•ืžื˜ 
ืื•ืฃ ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืกืฐื™ื•ืข, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืกื™ืกืข ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึทื›ืข -- ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืš. 
ืขื›ื˜ ืจืขืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ. ืขืก ื˜ืฒื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื“ืึธืก 
ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ื•ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืืœืขืก-ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜-- 


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ื“ื‘ืขืฉืื•ื™ืข2ืขืŸ ืขืงืŸ ื•ื™ ืื " ืขื™ - * 


ืืฒื’ื ื ื•ืฆื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขื’ืึธื™ึดื–ื. ืขืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ ื’ืฐื™ืจ ืžื™ื›ืœ, 
ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื›ื–ืึธืจื™ืขืกื“ื™ืง-ืื•ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืืงื™" 
ืคืขืก, ืื•ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื’ืขื ืขืจ ืžืจ 
ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™---ื‘ืืกื™ืข ืœืฒืฐื™ืก, ื ืกื˜ืึธื™ึดืฉืข, ืžืึธืจืืœื™ืฉ- 
ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื ืื˜ื•ืจ, ืืŸ ืื•ืžืคึผืฉืึธืจืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™ 
ื–ืืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืืžืฃ. ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืื•ืžื‘ืื”ืึทืœืคึผื ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฆืฐืขืงืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืจืขืกื ืขืคืขืฉ, ืคืืกื™ืฐืŸ 
ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืื ืื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื›ื–ืขืจ. 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืืœื˜ืžืื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึทื–ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืœืขื’ื•ืคื™ืฉ-ืคืืจื™ืกืขื ืข, ื–ืฉืขื“ื ืข, ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขื–ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข, 
ืจื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื ืื˜ื•ืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืืžืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื ืื›- 
ืœืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืื™ื’ื ื˜ื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืฒึทื™ึดืฉืŸ ื’ื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœื ื“ื™ืง 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืขืก. ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,, ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืค". ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ , ืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ". ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืืข ืคืืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื™ื“ื™ ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืึทื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื›ืืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขื ืกื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ืžื™ืจ ืœืฒืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ืฐืขืจืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืกื•ื–ืฉืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื - 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืคึผืึทื›ื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึทืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืœ-ืขืžืขืก- 
ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒื™, ืฐื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ 
ืึทื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื’ื™ื˜ ื 
ืฉืขืคืข ืคื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ืžืึธื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทืœ 
ื–ืฒื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ื™ืขืš, ื–ืฒืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ?ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืกืคื•ืœืข ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืกื•ื–ืฉืขื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืื ื˜ืืกื˜ื™ืฉืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืืจืคืข, ืคืืจื›ืืคื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฐืขื - 
ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืกืฐื•ื™ืฐืข, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, -- ื 
ืจืขืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข, ื ืฐืึธึทื›ืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืจืึธืข. ืึทื‘ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืขืคืขืก ืžืขืฉื•ื ืฅ- 
ื“ื™ืงืก. ื“ืึธืก ืžืขืฉื•ื ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื™ืœื˜ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒื™ืขืจืข ืจืื ื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒืขืจ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก 
ืืœืฅ -- ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืืœืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืงืึทืœ ื‘ืื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื“ืขืžืคึผื˜, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ -- ืื™ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ-ืคืืจื–ืฉืžื•- 
ืจืขื˜ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข -- ื ืคืืจื’ืืคื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™- 
ื’ืขื ืขื ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ,ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™" ืื•ืŸ ,ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก" ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜. ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืึธืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื. ืฆึถืจ 
ืฐื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฐื™ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ืืจ 
ืฉื˜ืื˜, ืฐืขืœืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกื•ืจืคึผืจื™ื–ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื•ื–ืฉืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘-ืืฒึทื–ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง. ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึทืฉืขื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ -- ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืื˜ื™ืง. ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืงืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ืœื™ื ื™ืข. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ 
ืคืึธืจื˜?? ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ื’ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืœืขืš-ืขืกื™ื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืึธืคึผืฐืฒึทื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจืขืš-ืื’ืขืฐ, ื ืกืืš ืคึผืจืึธื–ืื™ืงืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืคืจื•ื™ื–ื“ื•ื™ืจ. ืื™ืจืฅ 
ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืึธื ืฐืขื ื“ื‘ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืึธื–ืข, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืขืจ ืœื™ืจืฒ 
ืงืขืจ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ --ื ื‘ืื–ืื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื ืžื™ืžืืืžืืงื™ื:ื˜ืึธืŸ. 


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ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืฒื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืื‘ื•ื™ 
ืœืขืก, ืขืจ ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข-ื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืฉืคึผืจื•ืš. ื ืœื™ืจื™ืงืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื ืฉืืจืฃ-ื“ืขื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืงื˜ --ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคืืก, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ 
ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืึธืจื™ึดืขื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืœื“ืฐืืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืจืขืก. 


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ืฐื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก 
ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉ. 
ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขืจ ืืฐืขืง ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธืคืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืคืึธื ืขื, ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื, 
ื ืฆืฐืฒื˜ ืžืึธืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืงืข, ืฐื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืœ 
ืื•ืžืจื•, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ,ืžืขื“ืจืขืฉ ืคื™ื ื›ืขืก", ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ 
ืžื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’, ืžืื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจืฆื™ 
ืคืœืขืงืกื™ืขืก, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขืกื™ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžืึธื˜ืœ 
ืื•ืžืจื• ืื™ื– ื ืฆืื“, ื ื ืขื’ืฒืข-ื‘ืขื“ืึธืฐืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ื™ืฉื˜ืืคื›ืขืก-ื”ืื ืขืคืขืฉื“ื™ืงืข ืืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืœื™ืจื™ืฉ-ืกื•ื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, --- ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ืจืขืฉ ืคึผื™ื ื™ 
ื›ืขืก ืื™ื–ืŸ ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืึทื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ืฐื•ืข ืจืขืกื˜ืืฐืจืืฆื™ืข 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืขืก, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืฃ 
ื”ืึทืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื– 
ืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ. 

ืื™ื‘ืขืจื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื•ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืžืขื“ืจืขืฉ ืคื™ื ื›ืขืก"? 
ืขืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืข ืฉื˜ืจืึธื, ืฐืึทืก ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ืืœืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœืขืš, ืึทื ื–ืืคื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืจืืžืื™ 
ื˜ื™ื–ื. 

ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืืž ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข. 
ืขืก ืœืฆืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืื•ืžืจื•ืก ืœืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆืขืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืขื ืขื ืฐืขื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื–ืข, ืคืจืึทื–ืื™ึดืฉืข, 
ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืกืฐื•ื™ืฐืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืฆืขืฉืฑื‘ืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื“ืขืจ:ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœืขืจ ืื•ืžืฒึทื ื’ืขืึทืจื“ื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื”ื™ื™ืžืœืฅื™ 
ื›ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜. 

ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงื™ 
ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ, ื‘ืืžื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• 
ืื ื˜ื”ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืืœื™ืฉ-ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืฐืขืœื˜. ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ื’ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึทืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื™ 
ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืข- 
ื“ื™ืงืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื–ืฒื™ืขืจืข ืฉืฐืื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืขื™ 
ืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขืœืŸ ื›ื•ื™ืกืขื. 

ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึธืจืขืš --- ื‘ืขื ืขื“ื™ืงื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ 
ื˜ื™ืค ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื‘ืืืžื˜ืŸ, ืืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืืžื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืžืืกืงื™ืœื™ื. ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื˜, ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื“ื™ 
ืกื™ื ืข ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™, ื ืคื™ืœ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ื ืกืื ื’ืฐื™ื ื™- 
ืงืขืจืŸ (ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืžืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงื•ื™ืœืขืก, 
ืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ืื–ืขืจ..), ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ืขืฐื™ื›ื˜. ืขืจ ืคืืœื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจืขืฉ: 
ื›ื•ื™ืจืข. ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 


ืฐืขืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืขึถืจ ื‘ืื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ื™ืจืข -- ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึทืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ืคืึธืจืขืฉ. ื“ื™ ื‘ื 
ืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขืš:ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืื˜- 
ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคืึธื›ืข ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืจื•ืฃ 
ื ืฉื˜ืขืžืคืœ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ? ืจื™ื˜ืข. 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืฆื ื™ืขืกื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข, ืืŸ ืึธืคึผืคืขืจ- 
ืคื™ื™ื™ืงืข -- ื“ื™ ืคืืจืงืขืจืคืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ื˜ื•ื’ื ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืœ ืฆืขื, ืืœืคึผืฒืฆื•ืคืืœ, ืื ื˜ื“ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™.. ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืก 
ืคืืจืื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืฅืข ืื ื˜ื“ืขืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื ื“ืขืจืฉ- 
ื˜ืœืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’. ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฒืŸ ื ื‘ื 
ืฉืžื•ืฆื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื ื™ึดืขืก, ื ืคืืจืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ืจื“ืขื™ 
ื–ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื•- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืคืœืึทื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื ืฐืขื‘ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ. ื“ืึธืก 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืฐื•ืขืงื˜ืข ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื™ืฐืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืกื™ื™ืฐื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื“ืฆื ื–ืืžื“ื™ืงืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื™ืขืกืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ- 
ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžืึธืจืืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืื•ืžืจื• ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ ืœื™ื‘, ืื™ ืžืขืงืื ืข, ืื™ ืขึถืจ ืื™ื™ืคืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจ- 
ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืงืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ืœื’ืข ื™ื™ ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืืจืืง- 
ื˜ืขืจ. ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืื•ืžืจื• ืืœื™ื™ืŸ -- ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜, ื 
ืฆืขืจื™ืกื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืจืขืก, ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืจืขื ืงืœืข = ื“ื•ืืœื™ื–ื, ืฐืึธืก 
ืคืืจืฉืืคื˜ ืื™ื ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฆ- 


ืงื•ื™ืขืš. 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืืจื™ืื ืฅ!.. ื“ื™ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืจื•ื™, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืขืฐืฆืœื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ, ืฐื™ ืืŸ 
ืึธื‘ืขืœื™ืกืง, ;ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒึทื ืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืืจื™ื. 
ื ืขืก" -- ื ืจืืคื™ื ื™ ื˜ืข, ืขืงืกืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืฉืข ืคืจื•ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ืืคืงืข ืฆื•ื ! ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ืฆื• ืจื™ื˜ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืฆื ื™ืฆืก, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจืืœื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 


ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืคืŸ. 


:- 


ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ... ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธืžืืŸ. ืฆืจ 
ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐืฒื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืฐืฒื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ. 
ื ืงืจืื ืงืขืจ, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜-ืžืึธื’ืขืจืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ- 
ืžืืŸ, ืคืืจืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื™ืฆื™ืง- 
ืœืึธืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืขื›ืขืจืขืฅ. ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืื•ืžืจื• ืฉืคึผื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ 
ืึธืจืขืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืกืคื•ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืขืจื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืขืจืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื›ืฉื˜ืขื‘ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ืกื–ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื™ึถืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืœืข, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื•ืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืกืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ื - 
ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึธื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืจ. ืขืก ื’ืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžื™ืŸ 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ ืื‘ ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืงืจืขื ืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ื–ืขืขืฐื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืืจ- 
ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืฆืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฑื‘ืขืจืงืฒื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื - 
ืฆื™ืคึผื™ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ-- ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ื–ื™ืข"ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจืขืจ ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜. 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืื•ืžืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืœืขื˜- 
ืœืขืš, ืฐืขื ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืคืก ืึทื ื“ืขื ืง: ,ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ 
ืื™ื– ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืงืึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืคื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืœื™ื›ื˜. ืฐื™ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืœื™ื›ื˜...* 

ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืคืก, ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ื•ื ื’, ืžืืจื™ืื ืข -- ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืืคืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืจื‘ืŸ, 

ืืฐื•ืื“ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื•ืกืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืจื•ื™ืคื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื•ืข 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ, ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึทืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ืืœื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืž 
ืฐืึธืก ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ 0 
ืขืคืขืงื˜, -- ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ื“ืึธ ืงืจื•ื™ืฐื™ืฉืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืื ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ืฐืึธืจื˜-ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจ. ืึทื‘ืขืจ ืืœื˜- 
ืžืืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฆื•ื ื›ืื“ืจื™ื™-ื›ืื“ืึธืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื ืขืฉืึธืžืขืก, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืžืืจื™ืื ืขืก ืื•ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืจื•ื™ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืข. ื“ื™ ,ื‘ืืœ-ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืขื ื™ืฆืข", ืฐืขืžืขืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืืจืงืจื™ืคืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืฆืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื•ืจ. 
ื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขืจ. ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื 
ืœื•ื™ื‘ื’ืขื–ืื ื’. ืื™ืจ ืฆืขื›ืจืืกื˜ืขื˜-ืขืงืกื˜ืจืื•ื•ืื’ืื ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืฃ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืกืฐื™ื•ืข, ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ืขืกื“ื™- 
ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื’ืขืงืึธืžืขื™ืืงื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืคืืจ- 
ืฉืœื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžืืŸ, ื ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ื‘ืื–ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื™ืข ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 

ืขืจ ืคืขื ืกื™ืข, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื 
ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืžืื“ืจื™ื™ื’ืข. ืžืึทื˜ืœ ืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ 
ืื™ืจ ืคืื ื˜ืขืจืข-ืงืขืจืคืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื›ื•ืฉ ืคืืจ 
ืื™ืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜. ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžืืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™- 
ื‘ืขื ืขื. ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก 
,ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ". ืžืืจื™ืื ืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืขืจ- 
ืคึผืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข... 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืืจื™ืื ืข ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืืคืงืข ืฆื• ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืคืŸ, ืฆื• ื“ืขื 
ืžืึธื’ืขืจืŸ, ืงืจืื ืงืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ. ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจ 
ืื™ื. ื–ื™ ืจืื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื. ื–ื™ ืฐื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืืฐืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ืขืœื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ืขึถืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, 
ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ. ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ: ,ืืœืฅ- 
ืžืขื ืก ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืœืื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืึทืฃ ืฐื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’". 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืฐืฒื™ืกื˜ ื ืึทืจ ืื™ื™ื ืก: ืขืจ 
ืžื•ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืงืึธืจื“. ื”ืก ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฐืึธ- 
ืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ืก-ืื™ื“ื™ื™. 


4 


,ืื”ื™ืŸ", ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ- 
ืจืขืฐืึทืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข, ืื™ื– ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื 
ืกืืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ 1940. 

ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื ืึธื›ืžื™ืœื›ืึทืžืข-ื“ืขืจืฆืฒืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคื™ื’ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื’ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆืข- 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜. ืกืจื™ื™ืคืขืก. ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก. ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ืืฆื™ืข. ืขืœื ื˜. 
ืฆืึทืจืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื‘ืฑื™ื˜ืขื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืืœื˜- 
ืžืืŸ ืืœืฅ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆืฒื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜.. 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฆืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืคืืจืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืคืื˜ืืœืข ื˜ืจืื’ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื˜? ืื•ืžืจื• ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืึธืŸ. 

ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืื•ืžืจื• ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืฉืคึผื™? ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืฐื™ื ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ื•ืื“ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ืฐื•ืข 
ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืขืœื˜, ืฐืข- 
ืžืขืก ืื•ืžืคื•ืœืงื•ืžืขื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึทื˜ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืฐืขืœื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึทื–ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื‘ืืจืึธื˜, ื ืฐืขืœื˜ 
ืึธืŸ ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืก, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ืขื ื’ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆืขื˜ืจืขื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืืžื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ืื›ื–ืึธืจื™ืขืก 


137 


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.ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื•ืžืงืฒึทื˜ ื ืึธืš ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืืจืึธืค 
ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ ื ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืข 
ืžื™ืกื™ืข". 

ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ 
;ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸืฒื’. ื“ื™ ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืืงื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื’ื˜ ืžืึธื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธืžื™ืŸ ืืงืขืจ" 
ืžืื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ. ืขืจ ืงืขืจืข" 
ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืืœืฒืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ืœืŸ ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ-ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืขืกืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื™ 
ื’ืขืœืฒื™ื–ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจื“. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืื ื’ืœ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื›ื™ 
ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื 
ื ืฒึทืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืฒึทื’ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื’ืขืก 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืœืืœ. 

ืื•ืžืงืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข, ื ื™ื˜ื™ 
ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธืžื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืึธื“ 
ืจืฆืฐืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒื™ื“ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคืึทื›ืข ืคื•ื™ืขืจื™ื, ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ, ื•ืืœื“-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืŸ ืืœืคื™'ื ืขืก. ืฆื• ืื™ื ื˜ื• 
ืœื™ืขื˜ ืขึถืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ื ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืœ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืื, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืข ื™ืึทืจ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ 
ืืŸ ืืงืึทืจืขื“ื™ืงืข, ืฆืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืงืขื ื™ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธื™ 
ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผืขื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจ- 
ื‘ืขื˜. ื ืงื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื“-ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธื™ 
ืžื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืขืจืกื˜ืข ืึธื ืœืึธื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืขืžืขืก ื–ืืคื˜ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธืฐืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืืคื˜, ืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื›ืจืฒึทืขืก ืคืืจืŸ ืงืœืืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 


ืื›ืจืฒึทื™ืขืก -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืขื›ื- 
ื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜. ,ืœื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืขืžืขืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื›ืจืฒึทืขืก-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ. ืื›ืจืฒึทืขืก 
ืคืืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ! ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื. ืœื™ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืก, ื ืึธืจ ื ืกืืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ 


ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ...* 
1 ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื˜ืœื˜ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ื‘ืื ื“ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืคืืจืœืื’ ,ืขืžืขืก", 1948. 


ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜- 
ืžืื ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,ื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข". ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ืจื™ื™ื“. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’: ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื’ืฒื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜? ืฐืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืจืื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ? ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื™ื 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ: ,ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœื™ืฉ. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืืคืืกื™ืึธื ืื˜ื? ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืขืจ. ื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ื•ื˜! ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืขื ื™ 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก? ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืืœืฅ 
ืกื˜ื™ื›ื™ื™ื™ื™ืฉืข ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜, ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงืื˜ืืกื˜ืจืึทืคืข, ื“ืขืจ ืืคืึธืงืืœื™ืคืกื™ืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื™ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืจื•ื™ึดืง ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื™ืฉ-ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืง ื ,ืงื•ืœ ื“ืžืžื” 
ื“ืงื” (ืงื•ื™ืœ ื“ืžืึธืžืึธ ื“ืืงืึธ -- ื’ืึธืจ ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœ) -- ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก โ€ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืžืขื ื 
ืฆื™ื™ืขืš"1. ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืœื‘ื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึธื™ 
ื‘ืœืฆื ืœืฒื–ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืึธืš ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข 
ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื•ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื“ืื ืง. ,ื“ื•ืจืš ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ ืฆื• ืœื™ื›ื˜, 
ืฆื• ืฐื•ึผืงืก, ืฆื• ืฉืฒื ืงืฒึทื˜"... ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืึธื ืฆืขืคืฆื™ืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืื ืก ืฉืืคืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ, 
ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžืืžืขืฉ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. 
ื“ืึธืก ืžืขืจืงื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ืžืื  


6 


ืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื˜ืฒืœืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฐื™ืกืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ ึผ ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 


1 
ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜, ืฐืข 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืกื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ 


ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ { ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ืกื˜ ืคืืœื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื 


ืจื™ื™ื“, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆ 


ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ 


ื–ื™ื™ื ืฅ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืงืืฐืึธื ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืš ื 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ 


ื“ื™ืงืข. ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืœืขืงื˜ื•ืขืœืข ืฐืขืœื˜, ืืจืฑื™ืกื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง. 


1 ื–ืข ,ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ", 
ืœืื ื“" ื ื•ืž. 2 ืคืืจืŸ 1964 ื™ืึธืจ. 


,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืž" 


ืœ ืคึผืึทื“ืจื™ืื“ื˜ืฉื™ืง 


ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ 


ื“ืขืจ ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืฃ 


ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืฃ 


ืื™ื ืขื ืฆืฐืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจ- 
ืฆืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคึผืขื“ื™ืข 
ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื- 
ื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืฒืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ึทืึธื™ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธ- 
ื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืข ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืฅ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืš ื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ. 
ื–ื™ื›ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื›ืืคื˜ ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืึธื - 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืจืืœื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. 

ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธ- 
ืคืขื“ื™ืข-ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืขื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืฑื•ื ื˜ 
ื™ืึธืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜:ืขื˜ืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธ- 
ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก 


ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐืขืจืง ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜, 


ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข. ืืฃ 
ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืึธื " 
ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. 

ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ืงืฑื™ื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ ืึธืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืืจ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจื˜ื•ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจ (ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืž. ื‘ืข- 
ืœืขื ืงื™). 

ื“ืขืจ ,ื’ืึธืœืขืก ื‘ืึธืฐืœ* ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ 
ื ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืข- 
ืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข 
ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืœื•ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื˜ืฒืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ืืจืฒึทื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ โ€ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ืึธื ื“ืขืจื”ืืœื‘ืŸ 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉ ืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœ. ืคืึธึทื“ืจื™ืื“ื˜ืฉื™ืง 
ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื- 
ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ (ืจืขื“.). 


ื ืกื“ืึธืกื™ื‘ืขื˜ืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฆื• 
ืืŸ ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฐื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ. 
ืฆืฒื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคืœืฒ- 
ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื™ึดืึธื“ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข. 

ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1500 ื‘ื™ื– ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜-ืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืขืฅ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš:ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ืข ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื™ืงื™ื™ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฆ- 
ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš-ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. 
ืžืข ืงืึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืึธืจืŸ 
0--800 ื‘ื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืจืขื›ืฅ- 
ื ื•ื ื’ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืืฃ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื- 
ืจื™ืฉ-ื™ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ,ื“ืึธืก 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืืจื˜ื™ืงืข ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจืข-ืœื™ื“", ืฐื™ ืขืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ื™ื›ื˜- 
ื•ื•ืื ื’ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืืจื’ืื ืฆื˜ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืข- 
ืจื™ืฉ ืฐืขืจืง, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืขื ืงืžืขืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ื‘ืขืœืขื ืงื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื’ืขืฐื•ึผืจื›ืขื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืฐื™ ,ื 
ืคืจืื’ืžืขื ื˜" ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืฉืืคื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื  ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ื˜ื”ื™ืœื™ื"ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืื˜ืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉ-ื™ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ;ืืฒื›ืึธ" 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜. ืื•ื™ืš 
ื“ื™ ื ืขืฐื™ื™ึดื:ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืจืฒึทื›ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืกืึธ- 
ืฆื™ืืœืŸ ืคึผืื˜ืึธืก, ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื " 
ื“ืขื ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืขืคืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžืข- 
ืฉืึธืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืœืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื™ื›ืข ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืขืก 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขืจืง ื‘ื. 
ื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืข- 
ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ 
ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉืฒื™ืž- 
ืคืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ื‘ืืคืจื•ื›ืคืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜-ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ื™ 
ืฉืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฐืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, 

ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื• ื™ื”. ื‘ื™ื– ืื•ื ืš- 
ื–ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜-ืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื˜- 


ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื•ึผื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืคื˜ื•ืื’ื™ื ื˜ืข (ื’ืจื™- 
ื›ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’), ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืฃ 
ื ื”ืขืœืขื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืจืขืžื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืœื˜ืขืจื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜- 
ืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ึด 
ืื–ื•ื™ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข ืืคึผืึธืงืจื™ืคื™ืฉืข, ื ืึธืจ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืกืขืฐื“ืึธื™ืืคืึธืงืจื™ืคื™ืฉืฅืฆ ื‘ื™- 
ื›ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืจืืžืขืŸ. 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื–ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฆื˜ืืค ืฐืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืคืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืขื™ึทืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ ืื–ืฆืœื›ืฅ 
ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืจืขืžื ื’ืฆืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉืžืขืœืขืจืŸ ื“ืฆึทื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื’- 
ื”ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 


ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขึท- 
ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’ ืฆื• ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉ, 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคืฉืืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืืœ- 
ืžื•ื“. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืฒื˜, ืฐื™ ื‘ื- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืจื•ื™- 
ืกืข ื–ืืžืœ-ืฐืขืจืง: ืžื™ืฉื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธืจืข, 
ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืฉืคึผืจืืšื™ืกืคืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ื‘ื- 
ื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ืงื•ืคืขืก (ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉื ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•- 
ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’; 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 200--210 ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืžืึธืจืข ืื™ื– ืงื- 
ื ืึธื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ืืึธืจ 
0 ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืืžื™ืฉ). 

ืื•ืคื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“ ืฐื™ ืืŸ 
ืืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืคืืจื’ืื ืฆื˜ ืฐืขืจืง, ื ื™ื˜ 
ืึธืคึผืžืขืจืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฉืคืจืื›- 
ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื ื•ืกื›ืึธืขืก ื‘ื- 
ื˜ืฒึทื˜ -- ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืืจืข 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™, ืกื˜ื™ืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ. 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืžื™ื–ืจืขื›- 
ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ 
ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ 
ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืกื™ื‘ืขืก, ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืฐืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืข. ืืคืš 
ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ืข ืื•ืš 
ืื ืึธื ื™ืžืข ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืฃ ืฐืขืจืง 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืข ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื - 


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ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื˜ ื“ืขื ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืจืึธืš, โ€ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืงื•ืคืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ'ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืž. ื‘ืขืœืขื ืงื™ ืึธืค ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืคึผืึทืจ ืžืึธื’ืขืจืข ืคืจืื–ืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ- 
ืžื™ื˜ืœื•ื ื’ืก-ืจืึธืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืื 
ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืื ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืืจื- 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒืจืึธืคืขื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืฐืขืจืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื™ 
ื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื ืฒึทืœ ืฉืขืคืขืจ, ืคืขืœื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฐื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื•- 
ื’ืื ื’. ืฆื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืฃ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข 
ืื™ื‘ืšืขื–ืจืึธ, ื“ืขื ื’ืจืฑื™ืกืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ื- 
ื˜ื•ืจ- ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื- 
ืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง: ,ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืกื˜. ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืืฐ- 
ื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืš ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“...* ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจ, 
ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ื”ืืœื™ื™ืฐื™, ื“ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืข ื ืื˜ื•ืจ- ืื•ืŸ ื™ืื-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื- 
ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ,ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืืกื˜ืœืขื™ื˜ืืจ ืฉื™ื• 
ืžืขืก ื˜ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืก ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื, 
ืึทื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืื ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ืœืฅ- 
ื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืขื–ื™ืข. ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืฉื™ื›ื™ื–ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืืคืืจื‘ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื’ืข ืฆื™ึดืขืŸืœื™ื“ืขืจ". ืื•ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื ืฅ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ื™ืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒื ืขืŸ", -- ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืจืขื ืขืกืื ืก-ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืžืื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืึธ- 
ืจื•ื™ืžื™, ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื- 
ืจื™ืžื˜ืข ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ,ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช" 
(ืžืื›ื‘ืึทืจื•ื™ืก -- ื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืฆึทืก 
;ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ืคืขืจืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžื- 
ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’" (ืžื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐื™ื ืขืจ), 
ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฐื™ ืืŸ 
ืขืคื™ื’ืึทืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืกืึธื ืขื˜ืŸ 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืขื ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืคืึทืขื–ื™ืข. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืึทื‘ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ืกื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืึธื ืฆื•ึผืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื• ,ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจ"ื™ ืื™ื– ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืึธ ืืœื›ื- 
ืจื™ื–ืขืก ,ืชื—ื›ืžื•ื ื™" (ื˜ืื›ืงืขืžื•ื™ื '), 
ื›ืึทื˜ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก 
ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜, 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฉืฐืขืจ ืฆื• ืฐื™ืกืŸ, ืคื•ื - 
ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืž. ื‘ืขืœืขื ืงื™ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื– 
ืงืœื•ื™ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื‘ืขืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื - 
ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ,ื ืคืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืืจืึธื“ึดื™ืข 
ืืคืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“ื™? ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจืง: ,ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ* (ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื›ื™ื™ืŸ -- 


140: 


ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ), ,ืžืกื›ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื" 
(ืžืขืกืขื›ืขืก ืคื•ืจื™ื --ืคื•ืจื™ื-ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืื˜) 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉืข 
ืžืขืฉืึธืœื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ;ืื’ืจืช 
ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื" (ืื™ื’ืขืจืขืก ืฆืืจ ื‘ืืœืข- 
ื›ืื™ึดื). ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืคืืจืึธื“ื™ืข ืืคืŸ ื˜ืืœ- 
ืžื•ื“ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืืฃ 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ, ืืฃ ืฐื™ืคืœ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจ- 
ืคืขื›ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืงืึทืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ืขืœื™ืขื–ืขืจ 
ื”ืืงืืœื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื 
ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืœ, ืึทืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ืœ- 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืฐืจืึธื ืื™ื‘ืŸ-ืขื–ืจืึธ, ื“ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืข ื”ื•ืžืึธืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ-ืขืคึผื™ 
ื’ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ" (ืž. ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจ), ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื ืงืฆืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ ื ืื’ืืจื ื•ื• ืฉืœื•ื™ืžืข ืืœ- 
ืงืื‘ืขืฅ ืื. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื–ืฉืื ืจืขืŸ: ื“ื™ ื“ืจืืžื. 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ / ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืฉืœ. 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื" 
ื“ืืจืคื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืคืืœืŸ ืื–ื ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ 
ืงืขืจ ืžืขืฉืึธืœื™ื-ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื‘ืจืขื›ื™ืข 
ื”ืื ืืงื“ืŸ, , ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜- 
ืคื•ืœืกื˜ืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืขื™ึดืฉืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจ" (ื™. ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’, ื‘. 1, 
0, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืขืจ- 
ื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ืื‘ืืจื‘ืื ืฆืœ 

ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืœืขืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขืึธ ืื™ื– 
ืื‘ืืจื‘ืื ืขืœ ื–ืฒืขืจ ืคืึธืคื•ืœืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜, 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืฅ ,ื“ื™ืืœืึธื’ืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข" -- ื 
ื‘ืื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื“ืขืืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ -- 
ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืฐืขืจืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขื ืขืกืื ืก, 
,ื‘ืืจื™ืจืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืคืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ึธืืœืึธื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื ื™ืืœืขืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืื ื˜ืขืก, -- ืฐืขื ื“ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื• 7ืข9ืึธ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขืึธ, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื‘ื- 
ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืžืึธืก". 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื˜ืข- 
ืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ 
ื–ืึทืœื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืฒื™ืจืึธ- 
ืคึผืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐื™ 
ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืง?. ื“ื™ ืฐื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืจืขื’ืขืกืื ืก-ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ, ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœื™ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคืจืืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืกืืš ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืข ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื‘ืื”ืื ื“?ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื- 
ื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ. 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคืึธืจ- 
ืžื™ืจืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคืงื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคืจืืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืจืขืฐื“ื™ืง, ืื– 
ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื•ืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ืฒื™ 
ื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข 
ืคืึธืขืžืขืก ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ื˜ืž ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ 

ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืคืืจืฆืฐืฒื™ื’ 


ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ื– 


2 
ืชืจ 
ืฆึต 
ืฆ 
ื‘ื™ 
1- 
ื ื™ 
1+- 
:ื 6 


ื–ื™ 
6 ื˜ 
ื™ืฉ 


ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืฉืื ืจืขืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ 
ื–ื™ืง ื•ื•ืืœื™ื›ืก ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ืื ื˜ืึธืœืึทื’ื™ืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืคื™ืœืคืืจื‘ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜. ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื›ืข ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฐืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ,, ืžืฒึทืกืข-ื‘ื•ืš" ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื’ืขืกื˜ื•ื ืจืึธืžืื ืึธืจื•ื" 
ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืคืืจืฉืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืœื™ 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 
,ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืืœื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœืฒ 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืขืคึผืึธืก, ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืจืึธืžืื™ 
ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื™ 


ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ 


1 
, 
, 


ื–ืข, ื™ืฉืข ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื™ 
ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืฉืื ืจืขืŸ, ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ 


ืจืืจื™ืฉ-ืคืึธืœืงืœืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ, 
ื ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืœืืœ ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืข* 


ื’ืขื ื“ืขืก, ื ืึธืฐืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ"... 
(ืž. ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจ). 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ 
ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืื’ืขืฐ, ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืžืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืฐืฒื™ 
ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืฆื™ 
ืจืื˜ื•ืจ: ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืก ,,ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜", 
ื“. ืื™ื’ื ืื˜ืึธืฐืก ,ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ-ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’", ื™. ืึทืคืื˜ืึธืฉื•ืก ,ื ื˜ืึธื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’", , ืขืœื™ึธื™ืึธื”ื• ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ" 
ืื. ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืึธื™ 
ืฐืขืœืŸ ืคื•ื ืฆื ,ืžืฒึทืกืข-ื‘ื•ืš" ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ 
ืึทื ื“ืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ืืฒื ื™ืงืข ืžืขืงื™ืจื™ื ืฆื• 
ื™."ืœ. ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก , ืคืึทืœืงืกื˜ื™ืžืœืขื›ืข ื’ืฆื™ 
ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ"? ื’ืขืฐื™ืกืข ืžืื™ืจ โ€ { 
ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึทืฐืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ,ืžืฒื™ืกืขื™ื‘ื•ืš" ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก 
;ื‘ืื ื’ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืฆื•ืงืึธืคึผื ืก" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฐ 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก ื“ืขืจืคื•. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ" 
ืžืึธื ื˜ ืขืœื™ื™ืึธื”ื• ื‘ืึทื›ืขืจืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื™ 
ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื‘ืึทืฐืข-ื‘ื•ืš" ืื•ืŸ ;ืคืื™ 
ืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืขื ืข" (ืื’ืขืฐ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื™ 
ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ื, ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข 
ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคึผืขื“ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜?. ืขืก 


ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธืจืฒ 


ื’ื™ื ืขืœืข ื‘ืฒึทืกื™ืงืข ืคืืžืคืœืขื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ืคื™ืœืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึธื™ 
ืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืขืœื™ื™ืึธื”ื• ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ื, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืžื- 
ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืจืฒึทื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื–, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืก, ืื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืคื•ืŸ 
ืž. ื‘ืขืœืขื ืงื™ืก ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื - 
ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคืขื“ื™ืข, ื’ืขืฐื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœ- 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืงืฒืŸ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื- 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื- 
ื˜ื•ืจ ื–ืฒื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคึผืขื“ื™ืข 
ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ: ,ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ 
ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“" (ืืฒึทื - 
ืฉืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“, 
ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืง), ,ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฒื ื™ืงื˜ืข 
ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ" (ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ืŸ) ืื•ืŸ ,ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ" (ื‘ืขืจ ืžืืจืง). 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ 
ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ื˜ืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ 
ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืืŸ ื ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ 
ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœ, ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืข- 
ืกืื ื˜ืข ืื ืืœืึธื’ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ- 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืจืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืก 
ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืืจ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืงืก 
ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ื™ื›ื˜:ืืจ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคึผืขื“ื™ืข ืคืึธืจ- 
ืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืฒึทืขื ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’ ืฆื• ืื•ื ืš- 
ื–ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคืจืืš. ื–ื™ื™ 
ื›ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื™ืขื ืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืกืข ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ,ืฐืึธืก ืฉืฒื™ืขืš ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืฅ- 
ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉืฒึทืขืš ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคืงืœืขืจืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜" 
ืึธื ืฉืฑื•ึผื ื’, ื‘ื™ืคืจืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘- 
ืจืขื™ึดืฉ"... (ืž. ืฐื™ื ืขืจ). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื–ื™ื›ื˜:ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื 
ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฐืืงื•ึผื•ื ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ืฉื ื™ื”. ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืœืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ: 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข 
ื–ืืงื•ื˜ื, ืžื•ื™ืฉืข-ื›ืื™ึดื ืœื•ืฆืื˜ืึธ, ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืึธื ืขื˜ืŸ-ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ืžืฉืŸ ืžืขื“ืึธื ืข, ื“ื™ 
ืกืื˜ื™ืจื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืืงืึธืฐ โ€ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืžืื ื•ืขืœ 
ืคืจืื ืกื™ืฉ ืื, 


ื ืฉืึธื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘. ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘. ืžืืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื - 
ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืฅ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ื™ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ื- 
ืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืงืก- 
ืžืืกืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฐืขืœื˜- 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขืก. 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืืฃ ื‘ืฒื™ื“ืฅืข ืฉืคืจืื›ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืึธืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืกืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื–ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงืขื’ื ื–ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื- 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืื’ืึธื ื™ื–ื ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฒื“ืข 
ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ื’ืข- 
ืฐื™ืกืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืขื˜ืืค ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฆึธ- 
ืฐืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฆืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืงื˜, 
ืื– ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืฐื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ 
(ืž."ืœ. ืœื™ืœื™ืขื ื‘ืœื™ื•ื, ื™ืขื”ืืœืฆืœ -- 
ื™."ืœ. ืœืขืฐื•ื™ืŸ, ื. ืฉืขืจืขืฉืขื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื. ืจื- 
ื‘ื™ื ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, 7. ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืืŸ ืื.). 
ื™. ืงืืžื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื ืฆื™ืง ืื•ื™ืกื’ืฅ- 
ื ื•ืฆื˜ ,ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจ- 
ืœืขื›ืŸ ืคื™ื–ืžืขืŸ, ืงืขื“ืฒื™ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืืžืฃ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’"... ืื•ืŸ ื. ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ 
;ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืจื™ื“ืŸ 
ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœื™ื•ื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืึธืฉืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฉืฒึทืข ื‘ืขืŸ ืึธืžืฑืฅ" (ืž. ืฐื™- 
ื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืกืงื™), ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื- 
ื˜ื•ืจ, ืžืึธืจื™ืก ืฐื™ื ื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขึดื™ึดืฉ. 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื”ืืคื˜ ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืงืก 
ื‘ืื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืงืฒืŸ 
ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืืŸ. ืžืข 
ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืš, ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื. ืžืืคึผื•, 
ืคึผ. ืกืžืึธืœืขื ืกืงื™ืŸ, ืจ.-ืึธ. ื‘ืจื•ื™ื“ืขืก, ืึธื " 
ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืž-ื“. ื‘ืจืื ื“ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืขืš, ืž.ื–. ืคืฒึทืขืจ- 
ื‘ืขืจื’, ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’, ืž.-ื™. ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื“ื™ื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื."ื . ื’ื ืขืกื™ืŸ, ื™."ื›. ื‘ืจืข- 
ื ืขืจ, ื’. ืฉืึธืคืžืืŸ, ืฉ.-ื™. ืื’ื ืึธืŸ ืื. 

ื“ื™ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื”ืืฉืคึผืึธื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 
ืื ื™ื”. ืื™ื– ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืจืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– 
ื ืึธืš, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืก- 


ื’ืขืคืึธืจืฉื˜ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื™ืจืงื˜ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื™ืกืคืึทืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“. ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ. ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื - 
ืคืœื•ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืฆื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ (ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ื™ 
ื ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื ืขืกื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื’ืขืฐ, ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืขืจืฅ'ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“. ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึทื ืก ืจืึธืžืืŸ ,ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ- 
ืžืขืŸ"). 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ื™ื›ื˜-ืืจื˜ื™ืง? ืคืขืœื˜, ืœื•ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื ื”ืฒึทื˜ืœืฅ- 
ื›ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 
ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“, ืคึผื•ื™ืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื‘ืื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืฆืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื– ืขืก ืคืืœืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข 
ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ:ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืขืŸ. 

ืขืœื™ืขื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, 
;ื“ืขืจ ืคืื‘ื•ืœื™ืกื˜-ื ืึธื•ื•ืื˜ืึธืจ, ืฐื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืกืฒื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื, ืกืฒึท ืื™ื“ืฒื™ื™ืฉ 
ืจืื“ื™ืงืืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืžืึธืฉืœ* (ื™. ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’), ืื™ื– ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขืก ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื’ืข- 


ืฐืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 


ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืข. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืื™ืŸ 
ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืง- 
ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื›ืื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคึผืขื“ื™ืข. ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืกื™- 
ื‘ืขืก, ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืื ืง- 
ืจืฒึทืš (ื›. ืกืœืึธืฐืขืก ืื.), ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืขื- 
ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข (ื™. ื‘ืึธื˜ืืฉืื ืกืงื™ ืื.). ืขืก 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ืคืœืขื™ืื“ืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืืœื™ืฆื™ืฅืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผืจืขื›ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจื•ืคืฅ ,ื™ื•ื ื’- 
ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข". 

ื“ืึธืก ืืฒึทื ืงืœืืžืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืฅ 
ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืข ืจืืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืžืคืืจ- 
ืžืฒึทื“ืœืขืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคื- 
ืจืืœืขืœื™ื–ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื›ืื–ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืงื™ืœื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืจ ืจืขืฐืึทืœื™ืฐืฆื™ืึธื’ืขืจืข ืจื™ื›- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืคึผืฅ- 
ืจืขืฅ, ืืฉ, ืฐืฒึทืกืขื ื‘ืขืจื’, ื. ืจืฒื–ืขืŸ, 
ื“. ืคึผื™ื ืกืงื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ื ืืœืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืข 
ื›ืื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืื™ 
ื ื™ืงืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜. ืฐืขื’ืŸ 


111 


ื™ 


ืฉืึธืžืขืจืŸ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืฆืฐื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืž. ืกืคืขืง- 
ื˜ืึธืจ, ืžืืจืง ืฐืืจืฉืื•ืกืงื™, ืขืœื™ืึธืงื•ื 
ืฆื•ื ื–ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื’ืข 


ืฐืึธืจืŸ. 
ืขืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืฒืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฉืคืจื•ื›ืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืฐืขืจื˜ 


ืฉ. ืื ื“ื™ืกืงื™ ื‘ื ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึทื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื‘ืขืจ ืžืืจืงืŸ ืื™ื–ืŸ ืขืจ 
ืคืืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืคืืจ ื ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ืœืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“. 

ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืข ื’ืขืึธื’ืจื- 
ืคื™ืฉืข ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืข ืœื‘ 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ื‘ืืจื™ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื›ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืขืกืขืจ ื’ืข 
ื•ืื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ'ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืŸ. ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืืคืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™."ืœ. ืคืขืจืขืฅ, ื ืึทืžื‘ืขืจื’, ืฐืฒึทืกืขื - 
ื‘ืขืจื’, ื. ืจื™ื™ื–ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืฅ, 
ืฉืึทืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื, ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืกืึทืŸ, ื“ืขืจ 
ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืข- 
ืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“? ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืงืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื™ ื™. ืึธืคื- 
ื˜ืึธืฉื• ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ,ื“ื™ 


ืคื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืœื“ืขืจ"? ืืฃ ืื™ืกื˜'ืกืฒึทืจื“ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืœื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืง ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืฐื™ื–ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ,ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจืขืจ 
ืฉื ื™ื™ืขืŸ" ืื•ืŸ ืžืื ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ,ืกืœื" 
ื•ื™ืฉืข ืžืึธื˜ื™ืฐืŸ". 

ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืขืžื™ื’ืจืื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืืœื™ื–ืขืก 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ- 
ืฆื•ื“ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืค-ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ 
ืืœื˜ืข ื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ืจืขืฐืึทืœื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืคื‘ืจื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืก- 
ืœืื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืึธืจื ืœืื ื’ ืืจื•ืคื’ืข- 
ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืžืคึผืœ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ 
ืื•ืคืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข. 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ,ื ืฒึทืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทืกื˜ืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ 
ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฉืื ืจืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื ืึทืจ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืœืฑื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืฅ- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืฆื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ืื’ืขื•ื•, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื™ืžืข ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืขืคื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืฆื•ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ื™ื›ื˜- 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื‘ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจ ืฆื• 


ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืคืจื™ื ืฆื™ืค ื™ื™ 
ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื™ืึธ ื“ืขืจ" 
ืžืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ื™ื˜. 

ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืคืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืก, 
ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืœื™ืคืข ืจืขื–ื ื™ืง, 
ืž. ืคื™ื ื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื›. ืžืืœื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ ืื. 
ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ 
ืฉ. ื‘ื™ืœืึธื•, ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜, ื. ืฐืขืฐื™ืึธืจืงืข, 
ืฉ. ืขืคึผืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืจื™ ืคื™ื ืงืขืœ, ื“. ืงื•ืจ" 
ืœืื ื“, ื. ืจืึธื–ื ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ ืฐืฒื ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืจืŸ ืืึธ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฆื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ? 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงื•ืจืฆืข, ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกืฉืขืคื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ื™ื›ื˜-ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคึผืขื“ื™ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ืึธื ืฆื•ึผืฐืฒึทื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“* 
ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืคืืจืืŸ; ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืื–ื•ื™ื™ 
ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื' 
ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœืึธืคึผืขื“ื™ืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื 
ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘-ื‘ืื ื“, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืคืืจืคื™ืœื˜ 
ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื™ 
ื’ืขื‘ืขืกืขืจื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจื–ืฆืขื ืข, 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ 
ื›ืืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™* 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 


ืœื™ื•ื‘ืข ื˜ืฉืขืจื ื™ืืง 


ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืืงืข 


(ืฆื•ืก 775ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ืจืึธืกื™) 


ืื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืžื™ืจืžืœ-ื˜ืึธืฐืœ, 
ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ืกื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืงืฐืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•- 
ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืขืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ. ื”ืื™ืึทืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ. 
ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืฉืฑ 
ืžื™ืื˜ืฉ ื™ื• ืžืึธื”ื™ืœืขืฐืขืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข). ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืข ื“ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ, -- ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ 
ืฐื˜ืึธื‘ื™ึธืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข, -- ื ืงืœื•ื’ืข, ื ืฉืืจืคืฑื™ื™ 
ื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ ื ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ, 


ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ืขืฐืขืงื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืื ื™ 


ื˜ืŸ 
ืื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืื ื’ ืฆื• ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฑื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื• ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš 


ื˜ 
ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ". 

-- ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืžืขืœืึทื›ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจืฆื ื™ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื™ืขืœื˜. ื“ื™ 


ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ืคืืš. ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืžืืœื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ. 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ื™ืืคืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืจื™ื’. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 


ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. 
ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืฅ 
ืงืื˜ื™ืข, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืงืข, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ 

ื‘ืจื™ืื ืกืง. 


ืงืื˜ื™ืข -- ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจ- 
ื’ื™ืฉืข -- ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืข 
ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข 
ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื™ืง, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืžื•ืขืœืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืคืืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคื™ื–ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืื™ 
ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ -- ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข. ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ 
ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึทื™ 
ืœื ื˜ืืจื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ -- ืฐื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืฐืกืงื™, ื‘ืึธืฐืฉืึธื™ 
ืฐืขืจ, ืขื“ืขืœืฉื˜ืื˜, ืžืึธืจื™ืก ืจืึธื–ืขื ืคืขืœื“, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึธืคื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืœื™ื“. 

ืฆื• ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืื˜ืขืจื™" 
ื ืึธืกืœืืฐ, ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืืœืก ืžืืœื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื–ื ื‘ืืŸ, ืฉืคืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืื˜ืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ื ืขืžืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืื ื•ื•ืืจ 1908 ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื”ืืจืฆืฉืœืึธื’ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื’ืข 
ืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ื™ 
ืกืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜. ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืœื™ืจื™ืฉ-ืคึผืื˜ืจื™ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืข 


ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐื™ , ืฉืฒึทืŸ", ,ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืขืจื™ืึทื–ืขืก", ,ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ, ืกืืจื 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ", ,ืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ", ,, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื ืงื™ื ืจ", 
,ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืข ืคืืจืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ื˜ืื˜ืขืกื™. 

ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืขื˜ืืค ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธืกื™ื ืก ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ (1907--1918) 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขึถืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ,ืขืœื ื˜ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ" ืื•ืŸ 
,ืขืจืขืฐื• ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’"ื™. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขืฉืืคืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขื ืื•ืค- 
ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ืื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ึธืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜-ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. 

ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ'ืœื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืžื™ 
ืœื•ื ื’ , ืขืจืขื•ื• ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’": 


ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื’ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœืข ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ-ื˜ืขื’. 


ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ, 
ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืง... 
ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืข ืื™ืš ืืจื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื•ืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื•ื ื’ืœื™ืง. 


ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืŸ"ื”ืขืœืข ื˜ืขื’ 

ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐื™ื ื˜ืŸ, ื”ืฆืœืคื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ, ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื•ืขื’. 


ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืกืืš ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคืจื™ึทืขืจ. ืืœืก 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ: 


ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ืจืขื’... 


ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืจืฉื™ืจื * 
ื“ื™ืงืข ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืฒึทืข ื˜ืขื’, ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืขืจ -- ,ืฐื™ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื ืคืืจืงืœืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื’ืฒ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ืืฆื™ื ื“ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ"... 

ืื™ืŸ 1918 ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื‘ื•ืš ,ื‘ืึธื‘ืข-ืžืฒึทืกืขืก", 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืขืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื•ืŸ: ,ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ืžื™ืจืœ", ,ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ", ,ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ". 

ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ืืฒึทื’ืคืœื•ืก ืืฃ ืจืึธืกื™ื ืก ืฉืืคืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืกืฐื™ืฐืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืขื ื’ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข, 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื•ืคื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืฉื ื™ืจืึธื•, ื”ืืœืงื™ืŸ, ืžืืจ- 


143 


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ืงื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“. ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืขื ื’ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฐื•ื™"ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ืึธืกืœืืฐ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืืจืงืึธื•, ืื•ืŸ 
ืขื ื“ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข. 

ืื™ืŸ 1919 ืื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืจืงืึธืฐ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืจืึธืกื™ื ืก ื‘ื•ืš 
ืœื™ืจื™ืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ,ืžื•ื™ืขืจ'ืงืขืคึผืœืขืš". ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืืึธืจืŸ 
8+--1920 ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคื™ืขืกืข ,ื“ื™ ืื•ืคืฐืื›ื•ื ื’", 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืจืงืึธืฐืขืจ ;ื–ืฉืื˜ืงื™ื ืก 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ" ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจื‘ืข- 
ื˜ืขืจ-ืงืจืฒื™ื–. 

ืื™ืŸ 1921 ืคืึธืจื˜ ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืืจืงืึธืฐ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืงืฐืข. ื“ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืขื˜ืืค 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ. 


;ืืžืฃ ืคืืจ ื ืคื™ื˜ 

ืจืขื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืœืื ื’ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ! ื’ืขืœืจื’ 

2 ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืคืืจืงืขืจืคืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื 
ืื“ืข , ื‘ืขืจืœ ื‘ืขืงืขืจ". ืืœืก ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืค ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ 

: ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืข, 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’. ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึทืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึทืœ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ 
ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ , ื™ื•ื ื’ื•ื•ืืœืจ". 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืจืึธืกื™ื ืก 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ,,ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’ืŸ" (ืืœืžืึทื ืืš ,ื ื™ื™- 
ืขืจื“"), ื’ืึธืจืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 109 ื ื 4) ื. ืื ื“. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืึทืจืŸ ืฉืืคื˜ ื“ืึธืกื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืื˜ืจื™ืึท- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ,ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“", , ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“", ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข. ืื™ืŸ 1929 ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจ- 
ืคืืจืœืื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ,ืฆื• ืืœืฅ ืฆื• 
ืื•ื ื“ื–". ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืขืžืขืก ,ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜" ืื•ืŸ 
,ื”ึตื™ื™ื", ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฒื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ 
ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 1921---1928. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึทืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฒึทื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจืฒื™ ื ืฒึทืข ืฐืขืจืง. 
ื“ืึทืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ'ืฆื™ืงืœืขืŸ ,ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ" (1934), ,ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื™ื˜" (1935), , ืคืืจ- 
ืœื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜" (1938), ,ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜" (1939) ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“, 
ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข , ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื‘- 
ื˜ืขืจ". ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืฐืขืจืง ืฐืขื’ืŸ 1905. ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜, ืฐื™ 
ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ, ,ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืขื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืจื˜ ืืฃ ื ื’ืขึท- 
ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข". ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื- 
ืฐืฒึทื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืงืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจ- 
ื–ืขื ืœืขืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, 

ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 
ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื ื™ืŸ"ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ (,ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ื’ืฒึทืกื˜", , ืžื™ื˜ 
ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ", ืืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ"); ื ืจื™ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ื“ืžืขื˜ 
ืคื•ืฉืงื™ื ืขืŸ, ืฉืึธืœืขื:ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืขืŸ, ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืžืื ืขืŸ, ื ืขืงืจืืกืึธืฐืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ืืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื™ืื ื•ืืจ" (1935) ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืคึผืึธื›ืข. ืฉื˜ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจ ืคื•ืฉืงื™ื ืก ื“ืขื ืงืžืึธืœ, 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืคึผืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขืจืึธื™ึดืง. 

ืื™ืŸ 1941 ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื˜ืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜", ืื™ื™ 
ื‘ืขืšึฐ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืขึถืœืฃ ื™ืึธืจ (1930--- 
1+. 


ื“ื™ ืคืึธืขืžืข ,ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ" ื’ืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืืœืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืฆืฐืฒื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ-- 
,ื˜ืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜" ื™ืข ,ื ื™ืฆืึธื›ืŸ" ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ืฅื™ 
ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ื ืกื™ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธืกื™ื ืก ื”ืขืœืจืŸ -- ื‘ืึธืœืฉืฅื™ 
ืฐื™ืงืขืก -- ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืขืคืึธ 

ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืฅ 


ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืฅ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืฒึทืฐื™ืœื™ืง ืืฐืขืง ื–ื™ืš ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกื•ื™ื ืฅ -- 


ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืืงืข", ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ืŸ ,ื˜ืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜", 


,ืžื™ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉื™ืขืคื™ืฉืŸ ืจืึทืžืืŸ 
ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืžื 


ื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืง 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืื™ ืฐืข 
ืกืึทืฃ 1940 -- ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 1941, 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทื ืฉืื™ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธ 


ืžื™ืงืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก: 


ืึธ ื™ืข 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
? ืจืึธืกื™ื ืก ืคืœืื– 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ 2 ื•ืข 
ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ 
ื›'ื–ืึธืœ, ืฐื™ ื“ื•, ื–ื™ืš, 


ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ / 


ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืžืืŸ" 


ื‘ืขืฉืืก ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึทืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ | ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ,ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืื’ ืจื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื– 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ,ืึธื ื’ื•ืจื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ืœืŸ", ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ 
;ื“ืขื ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ". 

ืžืึทืœื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื ืืฆื•ืึธื“ 
ื ืืœืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืก"ืคืึทืœืง ื˜ื™ืฃ ืจืขืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ, ื“ืขืจืฆืฒื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง, ืืŸ 
.ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืžืจื•, ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฐืึธื’?ืœ -- ืฐืขืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืœื•ืขืจื˜, -- ื–ืฒื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืฆื™ 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืคืืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืกืึธื™ืขืŸ", -- ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ 


ื–ื™ื˜ื•ืจ 
ืฉืŸ 


ื“ื˜ื— 


ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ 1 /= 
ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’: 


ืกืึธืฐืœ ืคืื˜ืจื™ืึธื˜ื™ื–ื ืฐื™ ื ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›; 


ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื–ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื–ื ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ 
ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขืฐื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข 
ื–ืฒ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 


ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืื›ืŸ, 


ื™ืžืจื™ 


-ื - 


ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง, ื‘ืึทืจืฐืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืืงืขื˜, 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื•ื™ื ืฅืข ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ 


ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืืงืข... 


ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืกื•ื™ื ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื, 
ื‘ืื–ื™ื’ื˜. 

ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืฅ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืฆึธื™ 
ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืฉืืคืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืคึผืึทืฆืžืขืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒ. ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ -- ;ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืขืจืจ ื‘ืื– 
ื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฐื™ืœ? ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ...- (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ 
ื’ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜"), 

ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜. ืจืึธืกื™ื ืก ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืงื•ึผื™ืขื 
ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขืงื•ื™ืขื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืึธืฉืขืจ, ,ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืฐืขืจืจ"ื™ 


ืื– ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก ื“ื™ 


50 ืืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืœ ืคืขืจืขืฅ 


ื ื–ืืฐื™ืก?ืขื ื“'ืขืจ 


ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขื ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก 


ื . ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ืขืจืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ,ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึทืขืžืขืก", ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ืœืฒื’ืŸ ื“ืึท ืคืึธืจ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืœื™ืขื ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ, ืืฃ ืฐื™ืคืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืžืึท- 
ื ืึทื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึทืขืžืขื™ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืจืืคื™ืข 
ื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึทืจ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ืจื™ ื™ืึทืจืŸ. ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืข- 
ืœืฒืขื ื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืจืขืคืขืจืื˜, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืกืขืกื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข, ื’ืขืฐื™ื“- 
ืžืขื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™."ืœ. ืคืขืจืขืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1945 (ื–ืข ื“ืขื ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืกื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ,ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื ื•ืž. 5, 1965). ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึทืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืจืืคื™ืข ื“ืขืจืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืคืืจื’ืื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึทืจืฉืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทื ืฆืขืคืฆื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืข- 


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ืจืขืก ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจืขืฅ-ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื ื’. 


ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืงื™ืจืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜: 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทืขืŸ 
ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก: , ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ*, ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื™, ,ืจืขื‘ 
ื™ืึธืก?*, ,ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข", ,ื‘ืื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืคืข-ืงืœื™ื™ืจ". 

ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“: 1888-- 
5. ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืฅ 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื’ืฆ- 
ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™: ,ืฐื•ึผ ื ืขื ืื™ืš ื ื”ืขืœื“?". ื“. ืคึผื™ื ืกืงื™ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก, ืื– ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืฐื•ึผ ื ืขื ืื™ืš 
ื ื”ืขืœื“?* ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืจืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜, 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ , ื˜ืฉืฒึทืœื“ ื”ืืจืึธืœื“". ืื™ืŸ ื™ืืงืึธืฐ 
ื“ื™ื ืขื–ืึธื ืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืขืŸ (1888) ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ, ืื– ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ื•ื•ึผ ื ืขื ืื™ืš 
ื ื”ืขืœื“?* ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ืฒึทืจืึธื ื™ืฉืขืก. 

ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืฒืจืึธื ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘-ืžืื ื™ืจ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ 
ืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืืจืฃ ืื˜ืืงื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืืจื•- 
ืžื™ืงืข ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ืฐืขื“ืœื™ืง ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื˜ืฒื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืฉืึทืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืื˜ืืงืข 
ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืฒื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ 
ื˜ืฉืื›ื ืึธืฐืงืข, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ืื•ืžืข- 
ื˜ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืคึผืืกื™ืงืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ 
ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜. 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ืคืืจ ื ื”ืขืœื“, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ? ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื’ืื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืœืขืš: ,ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข 
ืื™ื– ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ". 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคื™ื ืฃ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก. ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื- 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืืœืข ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื’ืŸ, 
ืื– ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ 
ื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืŸ ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜, ืืœืข ืฐื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืจืฑืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืงื˜ื•ืขืœืกื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ 
ืžืึธืจืืœ-ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืขืจืฒื™, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜-ืคืืจืžืึธืกื˜ืขื ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ-ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’. 

ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ืขื - 
ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข-ืคืึธืจื. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ืขืืœืข ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ืฐืขืจืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืื™ื“ืขืืœืข ืคืึธืจื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืืกื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืึธื™ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื™ืึธืจื’- 
ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜-ืคืืจืžืึธืกื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืืจืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธ- 
ืฆื™ืืœืŸ ืื“ืจืขืกืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืจื- 
ื’ืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืจืŸ. 


ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืข" . 


ืจืขืฆืขืก ืœื™ื“ , ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืขื–ืขืจ". ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ึดื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข 
ืœื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ื–ื™ 


149 


ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืขืžืขืฅ-ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืจืืคึผืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ืฐืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืŸ ืื“ืจืขืกืื˜ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐืขื ื“ืŸ. ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜: 


ืื™ืŸ ืกืืœืึธื ืขืŸ ืขืœืขื’ืื ื˜ืข 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ, ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคื™ืื ืขืŸ, 
ื–ืฉื™ืจืื ื“ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืงืขื˜ืŸ, 


ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ-ื’ืขืคืจืขืงื˜ืข ืžืขื ืขืจ, 
ืืœืขื‘ืืกื˜ืขืจ-ืฐืฒึทืกืข ื“ืืžืขืŸ -- 
ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืคืจืึธืกื˜ืข ื’ืจืืžืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง... 
ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืจื™ื“ืœ, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืจ, 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฉืžืฒึทืกืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœื ื™ืข, 
ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืฐืขืจ, 


ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงืจืื ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœืก ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืืจื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ -- 
ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฐื™ ื ืžืื’ื ืขื˜... 


ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื, ืฐืึธืจืขื ื“ืึธืก 
ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึทื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื“ืขืงืœืืจืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืžื™ืงื•ื™ืขืš ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ืฐืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ื–ืื›ืœืขืš ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืก-ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ื™ 
ืœื™ื“ , ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืขื–ืขืจ" ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉ-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืคืฐื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืžืืกืŸ-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื“ืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืจ; ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืื ื˜ืฉืฒื“ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืžืขืœื“ืขื˜ 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ, ืื– ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธืจื™ึดืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืึธืก ,ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ-ืฐืึธืจื˜* (ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง) ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ื‘- 
ื˜ื•ื ื’. 

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื–ื 
ืืจื˜ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ -- ืื•ื‘ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’,-- 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืกื˜ืŸ ืึธืคืงืœืื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 

ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, ืื–, ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึธืจืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืื ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจ. 
ืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืœืง ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื•ืจืš 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’, ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข- 
ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’, --ื“ืึธืก โ€ ืื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื™ื–, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ 
ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขืฐื™ื–, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ". 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ,ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก" ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ: 

,ืื™ืŸ ,,ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ*, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืข- 
ื’ืขืจื˜"... 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐ ืฆื• ,ืงืึธืคึผื™ืจืŸ? ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื“ื™ 
ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ื–ืขืœื˜ื - 
ื”ืฒึทื˜, ืžืืžืขืฉ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื ืื-ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’. ืขืžืขืก, ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืกื•ื™ืจืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœืฐืœ ื–ื‘ืืจ- 
ื–ืฉืขืจืก ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื˜ื™ื - 
ื’ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื‘ืืจื–ืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 


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ื‘ืขื“ื™ื™ืข ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืคืืจ ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืจืŸ, ืคืืจ ืฐืขืœืฐ? ื–ื‘ืืจื™ 
ื–ืฉืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืจ ืฉืคืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดืจื™ืฉืฅ 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจืคื•ื ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธืœืขืจืฒึท, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœืŸ ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ-ืคืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืžื•ื– ืื ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ: ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืคืจืื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืื ืฅ ื”ื™ืคืฉ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ- 
ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ-ื’ืืœืขืจื™ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ 
ืจืฒึทืš. ืื™ื™ื ืก ื ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื“ืึธ: ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืก ืคืึธืจื™ 
ื˜ืจืขื˜, ื“ื”. ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ 
ืึธืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฅ: ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ , ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ" ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜. 

ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื”ืขืœื“ ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืฅ 
ืขื›ื˜ืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื ื’ืขึธื™ 
ืฉื˜ืืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืคืืจืืŸ 
ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืžืึธื™ 
ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜: 


ื™ืขื“ืขืก ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืœืขื‘ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื’ืฒื˜ ื ื™ื˜ -- ื ืึธืจ ืฆืจ ืฉืฐืขื‘ื˜. 
ืึทื ืฆื•ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 

ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืฐืขืจืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืืก, 

ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก, 

ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ื™ื˜... 


ื“ืขืจ , ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ", ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ -- ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืคืืจืืŸ ื ืคืืจืฉืขื ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืœืขื’ืื‘ืฅ 
ื“ืขื ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ื™ืค ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜? ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ื™ืึธ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸื™ 
ืื– ื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืขื›ื•ึผื™ืขืฐ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึธืจื™ึดืฆื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ืฉื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืฐื™ืฐื•ืข? ืฐืขืจ:ืฐืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืืœื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืก ืึธื‘ืœื™ื’ืื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš. ืงื•ื™ื 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜, ืงืงืึธืคึผื™ื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ", ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื“ืขืืœืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ", 
ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฒื™ื ืงืฒึทื˜. ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคืจืฒื™-ื’ืฒึทืกื˜, ืคืืจ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืึธืจืข ืฐืฆืœื˜. ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื" 
ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฐืขื–ืŸ. 

ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ืฒื™ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืกื˜ 
ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืฐื™ืฐื•ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข 
;ืฐื•ึผ ื ืขื ืื™ืš ื ื”ืขืœื“?* ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื”ืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ื–ืื, ืฐืฒึทืœ , ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš, 
ื“ื™ ืžืขื ืขืจ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืืœื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜", ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืึธื  
ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืžืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืžืึธื ืฒ 
ืฉืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืฐื•ื™ืฐืข, ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื. 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื˜ ืื–ื ืงืจืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืึธืŸ ืฐืืงืœืขื ื™ืฉ, ืึธืŸ ืงืฐืขื ืงืœืขื ื™ืฉ, -- ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ 
ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขื™ 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ" ืื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืจืฒึทืคืข 
ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐื•ึผ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ืคืืจืงืขืจืคืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื" 
ื“ืขืืœืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื , ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ". ื•ื™ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ื‘ืื’ืจืขื™ 
ื ืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ" ื˜ืจืขื˜ ื–ืึธ 
ืื•ืฃ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืงืจืืคื˜. ืกื™ืื™ื• 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืงืจืืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืฐืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืฉื˜ืžืึธืœืŸ 


ืฉืขื˜ืขืš. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืขื ื’ืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื– ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžืข 
-ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื ื ืฒึทืขื ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืคึผืขึทื™ 
ืจืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฉืืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืฃ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืก ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื - 
ืกื˜ืข ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข. ืืคืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืงืึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™" ื”ืึธื˜ ื 
ืกืืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืก ืžื™ื˜ , ืžืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ". ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ื™ ืžืื›ื˜ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ื– ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืืคืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ืฐืึธืจืขื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื™ืš ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื ื–ืฒึทื™ 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•. ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ,ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ" 
ืื™ื– ื ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืื™ื– ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™* ื ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืก. 

ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืฆื• ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืืก-ืคืึธืขืžืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืฐืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืงืฒ ืคื•ืŸ 1891 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ,ืฆืฒึทื˜-ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข". ื ืึธืš ื ืžืขืจ ื‘ืฑื™ืœืขื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืก-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจืข- 
ืฆืขืก ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ,ื™ื•ื™ื›ืขืฐืขื“" (ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจ 1891). ,,ื™ื•ื™ื›ืขืฐืขื“" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื’ืœื™ื“, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืคื™ื™ 
ืจืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“. ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื 
ื’ืื ืฅ ืžืขืจืงื•ื™ืจื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื™ื’ืœื™ื“. ื“ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“, ืฐื™ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื”ืืก ืฆื•ื 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“, ืฆื• ืคืืจืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ 
ืคืจืขื’ื˜: 


ืื™ืš ื–ื•ื™ื’ ื“ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, 
ื–ื•ื™ื’ ืื™ืš ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜, 

ืฆื™ ื–ื•ื™ื’ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื ืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ? 

ืฆื™ ื–ื•ื™ื’ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื ืงื ืขื›ื˜? 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ,ื™ื•ื™ื›ืขืฐืขื“" ืฐืฒื–ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ" ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืฐื•ืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื– ืื™ื ื˜ื™ื-ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ" 
ืœ?ืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื {ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ" ื’ืึธืจ ื ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืฒึทืŸ --ืกืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืคืจืฒึทืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ", ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืกื™ืงืจืืคื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก 
ืืคืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื‘ืืคืจืฒื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื‘ืื™ 
ืคืจืฒึทื•ื ื’. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜, 
ืื–ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฉืืคืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข , ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™". 

ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฐื™ ,ืืŸ ืืœื˜ื™ื”ื™ืฉืคืื ื™ืฉืข ืคื" 
ื‘ืขืœ". ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึธืœืขื“ืึท 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ 
ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื’ืจืืฃ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ: ,ืขืก ืื™ืŸ 
ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืžืขืจ ื ืฒึท". ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ื˜, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ;ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™" 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืืŸ ืืงื˜ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืขืก ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ;ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™" ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ -- ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืืจืคืึธืœื™ 
ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, --- ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“. 

ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืื–ื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ? ื ื™ื™ืŸื™ 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืฑื™ 


ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ: ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืฐื˜ืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜. ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืงืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐื™ืกืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ 
,ืงืึธืคึผื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ". 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืขื ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜. ืขืก ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžืืžืขืฉ ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ 
ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ืึธืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข , ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ" (1888) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™" (1891)--ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉืขื ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึทืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™" ื–ืขืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืืžืกื˜ืข ืฐืึธืจื˜. ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืžืื ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“-ืงืจืืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืžื•ื– 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืื ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ; ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืื ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™: ืกื™ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืคืื‘ื•ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜. 
ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆืฒื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื•ืฃ: ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื 
ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืกืึทืฃ, ืฐืฒึทืœ 


ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ื ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ: 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึทืœืขื“ืึธ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ... 


ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ,ื”ื™ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืขืŸ". ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข 
ืกืื›ืืงืœืขืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืืฐืขืง ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื ืงืฐื™ื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืื– ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืฐื™ืœ ื‘ืขืฉื•ื-ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆ;ืึธื ืขืœืขืจ ืืฒื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธืจืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ: 
ื”ืืก -- ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืงืฐื™ื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจืก, ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืก -- ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ืงืึธืจื‘ืึธื ืขืก. ื”ืืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืคืืจืืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ื ืกืืš, ื ืึธืจ ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืก --ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™? ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ื‘ืื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ืงืึธืจื‘ืึธื ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฆืฐื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ: ืฆืืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืืกืŸ- 
ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฆืึธืจืŸ -- ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืžืงื•ื ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื–ื ืคืืกื™ื•ืฐื•ืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธ ืžืื›ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื“ืขื ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืขื ืฉืจื™ื˜: ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ืฃ 
ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“. 

ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ืืœื‘-ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืืฃ ื ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืœืขืฆื˜ ืื ื˜ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ื˜. ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืืงืขื˜ืข ืœืึธื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: 


ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฉืึธืฃ, ืงืขื’ืŸ ืœืขืžืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืงื ื™ึธืขืŸ... 

ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืกืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ืฉืจืขืง, 
ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืขืกืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ืขืŸ... 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคื•ื ืขื ื›ืืœืขืฃ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜, 

ืื•ื ื‘ืืœื“ ืฆื• ืคืืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื˜... 

ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืœืื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื˜!.. 


117 


ื™ื™ื˜ . : 


ืคืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ --- ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“! ืฐืึธืก ื–ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜? 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜-- ืฐืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืจ ื ืฉืฐืฒึทื’?. 

ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื™ื’ืœ ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ -- ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœึนื™ึดื“, 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืœื™ื“ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ื™ื’?., 


ื ืžืึธื“ื ืขื ื’ืฑื™ืจืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก. ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื ื“ืขืจื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก --ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืืจืฒื™ 
ื›ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื--- ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืงืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืฅ 
ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื›ื™ื˜ืข-ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืื ืฆืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืกืฐื™ืฐืข. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1891, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืข- 
ื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื“ืขื 
ืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืึธืœ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึธืขืžืข ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข 
ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืฐืื›ื˜ ื‘ื 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ 
ืืงื˜ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜. ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ, 
ืื– ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขื 
ื”ืขืœื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ: 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืื‘ืขืœ, ืžืื“ืื! 
ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืขื“ืึธ!.. 


ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคื•ืœืข ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, 
ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึธืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™" ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืฆึธ- 
ืฐืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืื‘ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืคืืจืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ืžืึธื ื•ื ื’, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื‘- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืึธืจื™ึถืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ,,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ", ื–ืึธืœ 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ: ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืฑืกืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ", ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืงืจืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืงืจืืคื˜ 
ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ืืก, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“. 

ืฐื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื ื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื 
ืืฐื˜ืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืืคืŸ ,ืงืึธืคึผื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ". ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ื– -- ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ'ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ -- 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ, -- ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืืกืฑ"ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ; ื“ืขื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก. ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ ืฐื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข 
,ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืกืœ*. 

ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืฐื™ืœ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืฉืึธืœืขื- 
ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืขืŸ. ,ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื 
ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื™ 
ื•ืขืจ", -- ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ. ื’ืืฐืจื™ืขืœ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜:ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืกืœ", ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืืจื˜ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ. ื’ืื•ืจื™ืขืœ, ,ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜", ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืืœืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืจืืคื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืงืจืืคื˜-- ื“ื™ 
ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืงืจืืคื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ึนืขึดื ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึธืขืžืข ,ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืก?": ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืขืžืข 
ืฆื• ืคึผืึธืฆืžืข; ืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืก- 
ืคืขืงื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืกื™ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืฐืขืง ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืกื–ืžืืกืข, 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงืขื ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืึธืจ ื ื’ืจื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืฅ 
ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืื ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ* ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 


148 


ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืกืœ* ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ื“ืขื ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจืก ืคืจื•ื™, ืฆื™ืคืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืฉืึธื›ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืฅ- 
ืฐื™ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืขืœืืžืขื“ ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืกืœ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜: 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจืก ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ืœืื›ืŸ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ืฐืขื˜ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ, 
ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืึธื“ืฒึท ืคืขืงืœ-ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืื›ืŸ, 
ื”ืขืจืกื˜ื•, ื’ืืฐืจื™ึดืขืœ, ืงืืกื˜ืจื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, 


ืื™ืš ืฐื™? ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืฒืงื˜ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืœืขื, 
ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ ื“ื™ืš ืคืืจื“ืจื™ืกืŸ, 

ืขืก ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงืืคึผื•ื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจื–ืข ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื, 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื ืฆืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืื‘ืขืง, ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ืกื˜ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ืกืŸ... 


ื“ืึธ โ€ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืจ-ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืืกืงืขื˜ื™ื–ื, ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžืื›ื˜ืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืืคืึทื™ 
ืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืืœืก ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืงืจืืคื˜. ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ 
ืจืขืก ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื, ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืคืขืก ื ืžื™ื˜ืฉื˜ื™ื, 
ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืฉื˜ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจืก ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืคืขืจืฆ- 
ืฆืขืก ื˜ืจื™ื•ืžืฃ: ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึธืฃ-- 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ" ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืขืžืข ,ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืกืœืฒ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ืืฃ ืคืขืจืฆื™ 
ืฆืขืก ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืคืืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืื™ื“ืขืืœ. 


ื“ืขื ,ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข? ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ื 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฐื™ ื ,, ืฉืžื•ืขืก". ืฐืฒึทื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืจืฆืฆืขืก ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืคืŸ 
ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื”ื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ื™ืกืŸ 
ื ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื”ืึธื˜, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐื™ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜-ื”ืขืœืš ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืฐืขืจืง. ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื ืื-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜, ืขืก ืคืืœื˜ ืืฃ 
ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืœืื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ",-- 
ื“ืขืžืœื˜, ื”ืืœื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ, ืงืึธืŸ ืื–ื ืฐืขืจืง ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, 

ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงื ืืคึผืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืจืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืžืฆ 
;ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึทืœืข". ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืื•ืžื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขืžืคึผ? ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข... 


...ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ 
ืืœืฅ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืขืš, ืืœืฅ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ... 


ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืฐืขืจืง 
ืฐื™ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื’ืจืืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืึทืขืžืข. ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืื ื’ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื™ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืขืคื™ื’ืจืืฃ. ืฆื•ื ื’ืœื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืขืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœืžืข ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืขืš ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ" 
ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื’ืขืฐื™ืกืข ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืื™ 
ื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜:ื”ืขืœื“. 

ืฐื™ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื™ 
ื”ืฒืขืจืข ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืืกืฉื˜ืื‘, ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ืขืžืขืกื™ 


ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืคืื›ืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก:ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืฐืฒื ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืกื˜ ืคืืจ ืื–ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžืืกืฉื˜ืื‘. 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธืจืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื™ืจ? ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื’ืื ืฅ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ืข -- 
ืืœืข ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื˜ืื ืฆืŸ: 

ืขืก ื–ื™ื ืงื˜, ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขื˜? ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ... 


ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืง 
ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืฃ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ. 
ื‘ื™ืฒื™ืก ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆืฒืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืฐืฒืกื˜ ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ , ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ". ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืกื™ืจื˜, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฐื™ ื ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืข- 
ื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกืฐื™ืฐืข ืืจื•ื 
ืื™ื. ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืื–ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืขืก ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžืืกืฉื˜ืื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื™ื - 
ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข. 

ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง, ืื– ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ: ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืืกืฉื˜ืื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึทื ื˜ ืึธืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื”ื•ืคึผื˜:ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ, ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืœื“. ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืืฑื™ืกืฆื•ืžืฒึทื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืข- 
ืคืืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืืงืกื™ืžืืœืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืœื“. ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ , ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ*, ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™', ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืกืœ* ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง, ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ,ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืขื™. 

;ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ", -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’, ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื›ืืจืืง- 
ื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืžื™ื˜:ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื”ืขืœื“. 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืขืžื™ื˜:ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“, ื ืึทืจ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ-- ื“ืขื ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืœื“. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒื ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืฐื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืขึถืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืœื•ืฆืขื ื“ืขืจ- 
ื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื. ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืืŸ ืคืืœืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืฐื™ ื ืžื™ืŸ 
ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืกื˜ ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ-ืื•ื™ืœืขื. ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื–ื ืคืืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ-ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืœื•ื™ืคืŸ. ืขืก ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืืœื˜, ืžืข ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืงืฒืŸ 
ืขืจืขืฅ-ืฒื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ, ืžืข ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืงืฒืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื, 
ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข, ืฆื™ื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื”ื™ืŸ. ,ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ืึธ 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ", -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ: 


ืื™ืš ืฐื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“... 

...ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืฒึทื–ืœ, 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืง! 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืคืืœื˜ ืงื•ื™ืจื™ื -- 

ื ืฉื™ื ื“ืœื“ืืš ื’ืฒื˜ื™ืง! 

ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 

ืื™ ืงืืœืขืš, ืื™ ืœื™ื™ื,., 


ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ืžื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื ืขื 
ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื! 


ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก ืจื•ืคืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข ื“ืขื 
ืžื™ืœื›ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ,ื‘ืื˜ืงืึธืฐืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ืข". ืคึผืขืจืข- 
ืฆืขืก ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื˜ืขืฐื™ืขืก ื 
ืคืึธืจื’ืฒื™ืขืจ. ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื˜ืขืฐื™ืขืก ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข-ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“, ืื™ื– ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข ื“ืึธืš 
ื‘ืืฉืึธื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืื ื“ื”ืืค- 
ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืœืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืขืจืกื˜ืข 
ืงืœืขืคึผ. ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงื•ื•ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืื ื“- 
ื”ืืคื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืขืก 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืŸ, ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืกื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื 
,ืฉื•ื™ืจืขืฉ", ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. 


ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš: ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืขืก 
ืื ื˜ืฐื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืขืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืขืคึผื™ื’ืจืืฃ, ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืจืง. ื“ืขืจ ,ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืขืš-ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ" ืงืึธืœืึธื™ 
ืจื™ื˜ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ, ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืฐืขืง ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื•ืœืขื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืžืขืก ื ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. 
ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ: ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึทืขืžืข ,ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐื•ึผ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื’ื˜ ื‘ืื ืื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ" ืืฐืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื™ื™ 
ื›ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, 

ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืจืึธื–ืข ื™ืืงื•ื‘ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ (ืื™ืŸ 1909), ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื - 
ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขืจืง, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: ,ืกืึธืฆื™ึทืืœืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ 
ืื•ื™ืก". ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก, ืื– ,ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข 
ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ" ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ื - 
ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืืžื•ื ื’. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 90-ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
,ืงืขืœืขืจ-ืฉื˜ื•ื‘", ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืึธืจืขืžื™ 
ืฉืืคื˜, ืื™ืจืข ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืขืจืข ,ืกืึทืฆื™ืืœืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ". ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืขืžืข ?ื‘ืื 
ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืคึผืข-ืงืœื™ื™ื“". 

ืกื™ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ืข 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืฐืฒึทื– ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข ืœืฒื™ื“ืŸ", ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ;ื‘ืื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืคึผืข-ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื“" ืื™ื– ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืฐืขื’ * 


ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื‘ืืฐืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ื™ืข. ืื–ื ืœื™ื ื™ืขื™ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ 

ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื‘ื" 
ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ-ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’. ,ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข 
ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ" -- ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืคืืจ 
ืืœืฅ ืžืืกืŸ-ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ?ื‘ืื 
ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืคึผืข-ืงืœืฒื™ื“" ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืงืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื™ 
ืฐืขื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืกืŸ-ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’. ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•, ืฐื™ ืคืœื™ื™ 
ืกื™ืง ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ; ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก 
ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜-ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ืื– ื–ืฒื™ ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืฃ ืฐื™ ื 


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ื™ืข ื™ื™ื” 


ื›ืึธืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึธืจ:ืื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื‘ืืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืืกืŸ-ืื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง 
ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ. 

ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ืคืึธืขืžืข ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืžืืจืงืข 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ , ื›ืึธืจ", ื ืึธืจ ,ืืœืข", ื“ื”. ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขื 
ื›ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜-ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฆืฐื™ื™ ืžืึธื“ื™ืกื˜ืงืขืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ื ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื™ 
ืฐื™ื“ื•ืขืœืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ืฉื•ืื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
,ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ". ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืื™ื– ืื–ื ื’ืขืคืืจ ืคืืจืืŸ -- 
ืฐื™ืœ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื‘ืื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ. 

ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ 
ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข ,ื‘ืื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืคืข-ืงืœื™ื™ืš" 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“, ื ืึธืจ 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ืงืœืื ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืขืš: ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืคึผืœืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื•ืกืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ื–ื™ื ื’ืœื™ื“. ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืฆื™ 
ืจืขืฅ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื›ืื ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืงืก- 
ืœื™ืš. 

ืฐื™ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ 1895, ื“ื”. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜, 
ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ื‘ืื ืคืจืขืžื•ืŸ 
ื›ื•ืคึผืขื™ืงืœืฒื™ื“", ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื•ืง ื ื–ืืžืœื‘ื•ืš ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ -- ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ 
ื–ืฉื•ืจื ื? ---,,ืื•ืจืงืฐืข?". ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืึทื™ื“ื™ 
ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ื‘ืื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืคึผืข- 
ืงืœื™ื™ื“", ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืฆื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื 
ื˜ื™ืคืข ืฐื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืฃ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึธืขืžืข ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“. 

ื“ืึธืก ืžืขืจืงืฐื™ืจื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฆืขืจืฒื™ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸื’ื™ืกืขืจืฒึท. ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืึทืจืขืจ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ 
ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“, ื–ืขืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒืขืจ 
ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืœืขื’ื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก 
ืขืœืขื’ื™ืฉืข, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ื’ืœืขืš ืืœืก ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืืกื™ืฐื•ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ืคืจืขืžื“ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ื–ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืฅ- 
ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืขื ืขืจ- 
ื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืืฒื™ื“ืขืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืคืืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืขื ืข 
ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืฒึทื“ื’ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ืขืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ 
ืฆื• ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’---ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืคึผืœื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜:ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“. ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืžืคึผืึธื ื™ืจื˜ ืืžืขืจืกื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ. 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ื–ื™ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜-ืžื™ื™ื“?ืขืš: ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืฆื™ ืคืืจื‘ื™- 
ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’? ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืื ืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื ื˜ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืฅ 
ื“ื™ ,ืžืื“ืื": 


ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ? 
ื“ืจื™ืงืขื ื™ืฉ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ!.. 


ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜-ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืฐื™ืจืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ,ืžืื“ืื". ืื•ืŸ ืกืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืจืขื ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ,ื“ืจื™ืงืขื ื™ืฉ" ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืฒ 
ืฉืขืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืคืขืก ืžืขืจ, ื–ืฒ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ืึท ืขืคืขืก ื ื˜ื™ืฃ 
ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงืจืืคื˜. ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื˜ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 


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ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืขืจืฉืคื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืจื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ืื›ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžืืกืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึทืขืžืข. 
ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึธื’ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืœืื ื’. ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ-ืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก -- ืกืฒึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™" -- ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื•ื™ 
ืฉืœืึธื’ืขืฐื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืึธ ;ื‘ืื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื›ื•ืคืข-ืงืœื™ื™ื“", ืฐื•ึผ 
ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื–ื 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืฉืฐืขืจืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืขื“ืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ", ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ, 
ืฐืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืกืืžืข ื“ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืขืžืฉืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืขืจืข ,ืกืึธืฆืฒึท 
ืืœืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ", ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืฐืขืงืŸ ืื•ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืฒื™ืขืจืข ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึดืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืื›ื•ื ื’. 

ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ-ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš, 
ืฐื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื™ืขื“ืข ื ืฒึทืข ืคืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ื ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืื™ื“ืฒื™ึทืฉืขืจ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ื™ืฉืข ื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ื™ 
ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืจื, ืฐื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึธืขืžืขืก. ืœืขื›ืื˜ื›ื™ืœืข, ืื™ืŸ , ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ", ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘-ืžืื ื™ืจ, 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคืึธืฆืžืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืกื˜ื™ืœ. ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืกืืš ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึทืขืžืขืก ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื" 
ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขืžื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. 

,ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงืฒืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜", ---ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืฐื•ึผ ื ืขื ืื™ืš ื ื”ืขืœื“?*. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒ 
ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืจืขื" 
ืœื™ื–ื: ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืง"ื™ 
ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืฐืขืจื˜, ืฐื™ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื›ืืจืืงื™ 
ื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืคึนึผืฆึทื™ 
ืจื™ึธืึธื“--- ืกืึธืฃ 80-ืขืจ --- ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 90-ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืึธืขืžืขืก ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง: ื“ืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ืŸ 
ื ื”ืขืœื“. 

ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ,ื”ืขืœื“" ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ื ืคืขืจืขืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืคืืœ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜-ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืขืจืง. ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื 
ื”ืขืœื“ ื”ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ 
ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก. 

ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฐืขื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืื ื˜ืงืจื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืื˜ื•ืจืืœื™ื–ื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ื™ 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื‘' 
ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ- 
ืคึผืจืึธืงืœืืžื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืขื™ 


ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืืœื™ื–ื? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืœืขื›ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืฆืขืก ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข, 
ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก, ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืขืืœืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื ื˜ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. 
ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื’ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื ืึธืš ื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• 
ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื–ื™ืงืข ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืคืœื•ืฆืขืžื“ื™ืง-ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก 
ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืฐืื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืจืขืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ, ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ืขืก. 

ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ืคืื ื˜ืืก- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืžืขืกื™ืงืขืจ ืื ื˜ืฐื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืื ื˜ืืกื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜, 
ืื– ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜: ื“ืึธืก ืคืื ื˜ืืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืฆ- 
ืžืขืก ืื™ื– -- ืื•ืคืจืฒึทื˜-ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœ, ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ืฃ 
ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืขืกืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืขืจ , ืคืกื™- 
ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข", ื“ื™ ืขื˜ื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืขืจ 
;ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื‘ืืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’", ื“ื™ ื ืขื‘ืขื›ื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ื’ืฅ- 
ืจื•ืคืขื ืขืจ ,ืžืึทืจืืœ?, -- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืข- 
ืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ืฉื™ืžืœ, ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฐืืงืกืŸ ืืคืŸ 
ื–ื•ืžืคื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื ืื˜ื•ืจืืœื™ื–ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืฆืœ- 
ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืœืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ืืฃ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜. ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืคืึธืฅ- 
ืžืข ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ืคื™ืœื˜ ืขึถืจ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ, 
ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืขืœื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคืืจืฆืืžื˜ ืื™ื 
ื“ืขื ืฐืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจืฆึตืจ ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ 
ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจืื ื’ืœืขืŸ. 

ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, 

ืื•ื‘ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืžืขื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆื™ืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืก ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืคืืจ 
ืืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™- 
ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืงื˜ื™ืฐื•ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืขืจืงืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืคื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง-ืฐืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœ- 
ื˜ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื’ืขื–ืึธืจื’ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืื– ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืœื™ืš 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืฐืขืจืง. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ- 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืžืึธืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื ื˜ืื’ืึธื ื™ื–ื, ื–ืฒ 
ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ืื–ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืฐืขืจืง. 

ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืงืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืขื ืฒื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืงื˜ื™ืฐืงืฒึทื˜. ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืื ื’ 
ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื ,ืจื•ืฃ-ืกื™ื’ื ืืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘- 
ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคืขืจืืžืขื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžื•ื– ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐืึธืจื˜--- ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขืคืึธ- 


ื“ืขืจื˜ -- ื“ืืจืฃ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืจื˜. ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜. 
ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคื™ืœ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืจ-ื•ื•ืืจื™ืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื–ื 
ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืฅ: 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืจืฒึทืš ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ, 
ื”ืืจื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, 
ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฐื™ ื ื’ืขื ืขืฅ... 


ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ืึธื˜ ืึธื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืืจื™ืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 1887 ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• 
ืฐื™ื“ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ืฉืขืก ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜-ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. 
ืื™ื ืขื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื•ืืจื™ืื ื˜ ื–ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. 


ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืจืฒึทืš ืคึผื•ื™ืœืŸ, 
ื”ืืจื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, 
ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืขืœืข, 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฐื™ ื ื’ืขื ืขืฅ... 


ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื–ืขื˜ ืขืก, 
ืžืข ื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ: 
ื”ืฒึทื–ืœืขืš, ืฐื™ ื ื™ืกืœืขืš, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืžืขืก ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ืŸ... 
ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง 

ืฆื• ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืืฃ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ: 

ืขืก ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื’ืŸ 

ื“ื™ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ืฐื™ ื ืงืฐืึธืจืขืก, 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐื™ ืžื™ื™ืกื™ื: 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืฐืข, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืข, 
ืžืข ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืื ื™ื™ืกื™ื... 


ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื™ื“ื™ื, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ = 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข ื ืงื™ืขื: 

ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืจืื‘ืึธื ื™ื, 

ืžืข ืคึผืืฉืขื˜ ืื™ืœื•ื™ึดื.., 


ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืฆืฐื™ื™ ืฐืืจื™ืื ื˜ืŸ. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืกืืจื ื’ืจื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“, ืกืืจื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืืจืฒึทื’- 
ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜?-ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’! 

ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ-ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐืืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื“ืฒื™ึดืฉืข ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืงืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉืœืึธื’ืขืฐ- 
ื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, 

ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฐืขืง ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื ืขื‘ื ืื ืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ-ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื™ืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ: ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืื•ืคื˜ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ 
ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ, 
ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขึถืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•- 
ืจื™ืจื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืืงืกืขื ืคืขืœื“ืŸ, ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืฆ 
ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืงืืคึผืฆืื ืกืง. ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจ" 
ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืกื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื˜ื, 

ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืกืงื™ืœื™ืฉืขืจ ืจื™ื›- 
ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืืš-ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ืขืจ, ืงื•ื™ื-ืงื•ื™ื ืขื˜ืขืžืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื™ื˜ื ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืš 


11 


ื ืœื™ื“, ืฆื•ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืžืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืžืึธื˜ื™ืฐืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ื‘ื ืคืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื–ืขืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ 
ื’ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื˜ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืขืžืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืฐืขืจืง. ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืจื™ื˜ื ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉืœืึธื’ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืจืฒึทืคื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืจืืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืฆื™ืœืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื˜ื ืื™ืŸ , ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ* ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืขืจืง. ืฐื™ 
ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืข- 
ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธืคึผืœื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื’ ืข ื–ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ {- 
ื”ืฆืขืจื˜. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืจื•ืฃ-ืกื™ื’ื ืืœ", 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ื ืคืขืจืขืฆืŸ ืคืืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื˜ ืคืจื™ึทืขืจ ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืจื™ื˜ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™" ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคืข- 
ืจืืžืขื ื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืฆืžืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืืŸ ืื™ื’ื - 
ืฉืืคื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฐืฒื ื™ืง 
ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, --- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืฅ 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืกืื›ืืงืœืขืŸ. 

ืื– ืคืขืจืขืฆืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืกื- 
ื›ืืงืœืขืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก, -- ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ื“ืขืžืœื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก 
ืคึผืจืึธื–ืขืฐืขืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื•ืจื’ื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืง- 
ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึนึผืฆึธื™ 
ืจืขืฆืขืก ืฉืืคืŸ ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื ืกืืš ืคึผืจื™ืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื”ืขื˜:ื”ืขื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ,ืคื™ืจ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก -- ืคื™ืจ ืฆืืฐืึธืขืก" -- ื“ืึธืก 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข 
,ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก". ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ,ืžืึธื ื™ืฉ", ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก-ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก ,ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื" ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื 
ืฐื™ ื ืจื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฐืขืจืง? 

ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืฃ" 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืื›ืืง? ืคื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืงื•ืคืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืฒื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืœืึธืจ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืฆืžืข 
,ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืกืœ". ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืŸ ืืจืฒึทื - 
ืคื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืขืก ื ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื" 
ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื•ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืฒื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ืจืขื‘ ื™ืึธืกืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ -- ืขืก 


ื’ืฒื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื“ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ,ืฉื•ืืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธื˜ืขื", ืฐื™ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก. 

ืฆื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืกืื›ืืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข ,ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™", ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืœืฆื™ 
ื›ืื˜ื›ื™ืœืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ,ืืŸ ืืœื˜:-ื”ื™ืฉืคืื ื™ืฉืข ืคืื‘ืขืœ", 
ื“ื”. ืฐื™ ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืฐืขืจืง. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื ืกืืš ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฉืคืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ 1912, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒื ืขืจ ื ืจืขื“ืข ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ,ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ 
ืคืขืœืŸ ืžืืกืŸ, ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืขืคึผืึธื›ืŸ". ืกืึธืฃ 80-ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ 
ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื - 
ืคืืœืก ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื”ืึทื˜ 
ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ -- ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš, -- ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ , ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืขืคืึธื›ืข". ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืขืคึผืึธื›ืข. ื“ื™ ืขืคึผืึธื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืžืขื’ื˜ 
ื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ ืฐื™ ื ืคืืจื’ืื ืฆื˜ืข ืขืคืึธื›ืข, ื“ื”. ื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข, 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ" 
ืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื ืื ื“ ืื“ืื ืง ื“ืขืจ ืงืจืืคื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’. ืึธื˜ ืึทื™ื“ืขื 
ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืžืขื’ื™ 
ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืฆืžืข. ื“ืขืจ ืžืืกืฉื˜ืื‘ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืขืคืึธื›ืข -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืžืืกืฉื˜ืื‘, ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืืœื˜ ืึธื ื’ืฆึธื™ 
ืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืขืจืง, ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืขืžืฅ. 

ื ืึทืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ึทื ืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก. ื“ื™ ืคืึทืขืžืข-ืคืึธืจื ืื™ื– ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ืคืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื“ืขืจ" 
ืคืืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื“ืจืื ื’ ืฆื• ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฐืขื ื“ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฆืฐื™ื™ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ื“ื˜ื™ืœืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืขืžืข ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืฅื™ 
ืฉืžืึทืœืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืคึผืึทืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ. ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ื ืœื™ืจื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ 
ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื’ื•ืคืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ื ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜ ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคืึธืขืžืขืก. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ 
ื’ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ ืืฒื™ึทื ื’ืขืคื•ื ื“ืขืฐืขื˜ืข ืžื™ื ื”ืึธื’ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืžืึธืœ ืืฐืขืง ืฐื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืฉืฐืขืจืข ืคืœืืกื˜ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื " 
ืžืึธืœ, ื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ 
ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืขืจืข ืึทื ืฉื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก ืคึผืึธืฆึผืžืขืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ 
ืžืืžืขืฉ ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ึทื ืข ืคืึธืขืžืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆืฒื™ื›ื ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื ืฐืขื’ ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆื™ืœืŸ. 


0 ื™ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข 


ื“ืขื 4 ื™ื•ืœ 1965 ืฐืขืจื˜ 70 ื™ืึธืจ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ โ€ ืฐืืจืฉืข ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ 
ืžืึธืจื™ืก ื ืึธ ืจืฐื™ื“. 

ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1915 ื ื˜ืขืื˜ืจืืœืข ืฉื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืืจืฉืข, 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืจืืœืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ 
ื”ืขืจืžืืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืึธืจ ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ืืœืก 
ืืงื˜ื™ืึธืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ืคืข. 

ืื™ืŸ 1920, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ืืจืžื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืฐื™ืœื ืข, 
ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข- 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืคื™ืึทืจื™ืงืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ื’ืึธืกืขื˜, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื“ื™ ืฐื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืื˜ืจืืœืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, 
ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ื- 
ื‘ืขืจ"ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืคืืจื‘ื™ืง ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ื˜, ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ืก ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึทื ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 
5 ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฐืขื’ ืืœืก ืจืขื–ืฉื™ 
ืกืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืข -- ืฉืึทืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืก 
,ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ", ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ 
ืžื™ื ืกืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืขืงื˜ืืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“, ืึธืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ืขืื˜ืจืืœืข 
ืขืคืขืงื˜ืŸ, ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ืขืงืึธืจืืฆื™ืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ืึธื™ 
ืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจื™ืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืฉืืจืฃ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืœืขื:ืืœืฒื™ื›ืขืžืก 
ืฐืขืจืง, ื“ืขื ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื•ืš ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ,ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื" ืื•ืŸ 
;ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ?, 

ืื™ืŸ 1927, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ืŸ, -- ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ -- ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืก ื ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืื˜ืจืืœืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ืื 
ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœื™ืฉ-ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜. ื“ืึธ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืึธืจ- 
ืฐื™ื“ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคึผืขื“ืื’ืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ 1928 ืฐืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืื“ืŸ ืืœืก ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื›ืืจืงืึธืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข-ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืฒื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืืŸ 
ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ื ืฒึทืขื ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืืจ. 
ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ืก ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืืงืœืขืŸ ,ืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืจืื˜ืŸ" (ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ 
ื›ืขื), , ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ" (ื“. ื”ืึธืคืฉื˜ืฒื ืก ืื™ื ืกืฆืขื ื™- 
ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ืงืœืขืจืก ืฐืขืจืง), ,ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืœืขืงืขืจื˜" (ืงื•ืฉื ื™ 
ืจืึธื•), ,ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืฆืื˜" (ืืœื‘ืขืจื˜ืึธืŸ), ,ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ ืืฃ 
ืžืฒึทืจืขืฐ" (ื•ื•ื™ืฉื ื™ืขื•ื•ืกืงื™) ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ 
ื ืคืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉืืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ,ื”ื™ืจืฉ 
ืœืขืงืขืจื˜" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื™ืœืึธืฐ, ื”. ืงื- 
ื–ืืงืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื“ืื ื™ืขืœ, ื™ื•ื–ืึธืฐืกืงื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืข- 
ื“ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ืก ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฐื™ ื ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ื" 
ืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืข. ื“ืขืจ ืกืคืขืงื˜ืืง? ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึธื ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืขืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืฑื™ื‘ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืขืจ 
ืจืึธืžืื ื˜ื™ืง, 

ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ืฒึทืข ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ืŸ. ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข 


ืึธืคึผืฉืืฆื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืกืข ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืง- 
ื˜ืืงืœืขืŸ ,200.000 (ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื) ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ึดืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ, , ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืขืจ" (ืœืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืึธื•) 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ืก ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื“ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืขืก ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืกืื•ื• ื–ืฒึทื’ืขืจ, ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืงืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืื™ื“ืฒื™ึทืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืขืกืข, ืจืขื- 
ืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื•ืจื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจ- 


. ื˜ืจืื›ื˜, 


ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ- 
ืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืืœืก ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•" 
ืกื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจืขืžื›ืึธืฐ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš -- ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ- 
ืงื•ื˜ืกืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ. 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืฉืืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข. 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืž. ื ืึธืจืฐื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืœื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ. ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ ืฐื™ื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข 
ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ื›. ืึธืกื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ 


ื™ื™ึทืฆื›ืึธืง ื’ืจื™ื ืคืขืœื“ 


ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง 
ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœืŸ ื• 
9 


ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 


ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 


ื‘ืื ื˜ืฒึทืš ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื- 
ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจื˜ื•ื. ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืื“ื•ืจืš ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ืžืคืขืจื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธ, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืœืื’ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืกืึธื›ืจื™ื --- ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืขืงื•ื™ืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืื™ืžืคืขืจื™ืข. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืžื™ืฉืข ืœืขื’;ืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ ืืฐืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืจืžืื ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืฐืึธื˜ื™ื ืืฃ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื ื˜ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขื–ืขื ืขื ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅื™ืคืืก, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืฆึธ- 
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ื›ืขื ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืื”ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื™ื™ 
ื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืข. ื“ืึธ, ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. 


ืึดื™ื˜ ืขื’ 


ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืืจื•ื ื ืžืข- 
ื”ืืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ. ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš-ื”ืื–ืžืืŸ 
ื˜ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฉืขืจ (ืž. ืฐืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืš, ืœ. ืคื•ืงืก) ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ 
ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืŸ: 

ื) ื“ืึธืก ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1250 (ืž. ืฐืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืš 
ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ึธืึธื“ ,ื‘ืจื™ื™ืฉื™ืก-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ"); 

ื‘) ืืœื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, 1250---1500; 

ื’) ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, 1500---1700; 

ื“) ื ื™ื™ื™ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ 1700 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš-ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืจืคืข ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก. ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจ ืฆื• 
ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ. ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ. ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ืืฐืขืงื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืึธืงืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš, ืื™ืŸ 
ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืกืฐื™ืฐืข, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืœืืฐื™ืฉืฅ 
ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ื”ืฒื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ืจื™ืฉ. 

ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืฉืืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– ืื™ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ 
ืœืขื›ืึธืœ:ื”ืืคึผืึธื›ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขึท- 
ืžื™ื™ืœืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉืคืจืืš, ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื–ืึธืœื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืขืจ ืกืฐื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื’ื™ื. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 500 ื™ืึธืจ 


154 


ืคื•ื ืขื ืงื™ึดืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืึธืจืขื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื™ 
ื˜ื•ืจื™ื“ืขื ืงืžืขืœืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ 
ื–ื™ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฐืฒื™ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜-ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜. ืื›ื•ืฅ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื’ืœืึธืกืขืกื’ ื‘ื 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ-ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืข, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขึธื™ 
ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื 
ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. 


ืกืึธืฃ 1963 ื™ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืœ- 
ื™ืึธืจื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ืฐื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ื™ 
ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืึธืœืื™ึดื ,ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ" (ื™ืึธืจื’ืื ื’ 38, 
ื ื•ืž. 4, ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ 1963) ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ืงื•ืจืฅ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกืึธืจ ื“ืึธื•ื• ืกืื“ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ,ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฐืจืžืฒื–ื ืžืืช ื“ื‘ ืกื“ืŸ" (;ื“ื™ 

ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื•ืคืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจืžืกืขืจ 

ืžืื›ื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืฐ ืกืื“ืืŸ"):. ืžืืœืื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืก-ืืจื™ืข, 

ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ืŸืึธืคื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸื“ืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึทื˜ืขืง, ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืงืกืื•ื™ืื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื“ืขึธื 
ืžืื›ื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจืžืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืŸ 
ื›ืึธืœืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ื™ืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ึธื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขึธื ืคึผื™ื™ืกืขื›ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืคื™ืœืขืก-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืืŸ ืืจืฒึทื - 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขื ื–ืืฅ. ืื™ื ืขื ื›ืึธืœืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื™ืขืก 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ,ื‘ื“ืขืชื•" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ 
ืจื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ: 

ื’ื•ื˜ ื˜ืง ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื’ื ืฉื•ื™ืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช 

ื˜ืจื’ื, 

ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืจืžืก (ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืขืงื•ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืืœืก 
ื•ื•ืจืžืฉื, ื•ื•ื™ืจืžื™ื™ืฉื ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“.) ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข 
ืงืขื”ื™ืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“. ื ืกืืš ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ. ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ 
ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื•ืจืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืงืขื”ื™ืœืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ 
ืืฒึทื ืœืื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ืก:ื”ืืžื™ืงื“ืขืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืข" 
ืจื•ืฉืึทืœืื™ึดื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ืึธืžื˜ืฑื™ืฐื™ื -- ืคึผื™ื™ืกืขืš, ืฉืฐื•ึผืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ืงืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื ืฒึท ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืึธืœืื™ึดื.. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืข ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืฅ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดืฉืขืฐ ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ืึธืจ 1034, ืฐืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืœ. 


ื’ ืฐืึธืจื˜-ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ. 

2 ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืฆืœื‘ืข ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ;ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจืื ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ" ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืื™ืŸ 47:ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ,ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜" (ื–ื–. 158--159). 


ืื•ื‘ ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธื - 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืงืกืืฐื•ื™ืื“ -- ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ 1272, ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื‘ืื“ื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืฅ 
ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ืจ ?ืœ. ืคื•ืงืก, ื ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื’ืขืฐ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ื- 
ืžื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1957 ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ืขืŸ 
(ื”ืึธืœืื ื“) ื“ืึธืก ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ืึธืจ 
2. ื“ืึธืก ืื ื˜ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืฆ- 
ื–ืขืŸ, ื“ืื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื›ื•ืฅ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื’ืœืึธืกืขืก (ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ื‘ืื ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื‘ืœ-ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืื˜ืึธืจ ืจืืฉืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ืึธืจืŸ 1040---1105) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืขื ืขื ื™ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. 

ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ื ืฒึทื™ืื ื˜ื“ืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื–ืืฅ? ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื ื‘ืจืึธื›ืข ืคืืจ ื“ืขื, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืžืื›ื–ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ื–: ื ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฉืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืžืื›- 
ื–ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. 

ืžื™ืงื•ื™ืขืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฐื™ื™ ื™ืขืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืœืึธืฉืŸ, ืืฉืงืขื ืื– ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื- 
ืฐืฒึทื– ืคื•ืŸ , ืฉืžืขืœืฅ-ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคืจืืš, 
ืœื•ื˜ ืž. ืฐืฒึทื ืจืฒึทื›ืก ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฆืฐืฒื™ ื™ืขืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื™ื– ืงืขื“ืฒึท ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ 
ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืึธื ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื™ 
ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืืจ ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืืฅ ืฆื• 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ. ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ื“'ืจ ืžืืงืก 
ืฐืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืš, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืกื™ืžืึธื ื™ื: 

ื) ื“ืึธืก ืืฐืขืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ืืœืขืงื˜; 

ื‘) ื“ืึธืก ืืจืฒึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ; 

ื’) ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸื’. 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ื ื“ื™ืืœืขืงื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ืื”ืึธืคื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืงืึทืœืขืจืœืฒ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื™ 
ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ืืœืขืงื˜ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ 
ืคืืจืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ ื’ื•ืคืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ?, 


1 ื–ื™ืจ ืžืืงืก ืฐืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืš. ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื™ื›ืขืจ- 
ืกืคึผืึธืจื™ื. ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, 1928, ื–. 20. 

? ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ื–. 20--21, 


ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืคืจืฒื™ึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื" 
ืœืขืงื˜ ืฉืืคื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜- 
ืœื™ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืฆืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฐืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉื•. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืคึผื™- 
ืจืึธืฐ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืข. 
ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืคืืจืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทืจื™ืฉ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทื™ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉื˜ืืžืขืŸ, ืจื™ื™ืฉื™ืก-ืงืึธืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืื ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืœืืฐื•ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืคืจืื›ืŸ. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืื ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืกืœืื•ื•ื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื ืกืืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืฒึทืขืš 
ื“ืขื ืฆืฒึทื˜ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืŸ ื“ืึธ 
ืืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ -- ื“ื™ ืกืืžืฆ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ื˜ืงื•ืคืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื™ื– 
ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื ืฐืฒื ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืขืจื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืจื™ื™ืฉื™ืก-ืงืึธืœ, ืฆื•ื™ 
ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืงื•ื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, 

ืคืืจืŸ ื–ืืฅ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืก ืืœืขืฃ 
ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ,ื‘ื˜ื’ื" ืื•ืŸ ,ื˜ืจื’ื". ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื- 
ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธืก ื’ื™ืžืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืืœืŸ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืœ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฉืงืขื ืื–ื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ืขื ืึธืก 
ื˜ืึธื•, ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื”ืืฉืคึผืึธืœ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืงืกื™ืง. 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืขืจื– ืื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืึธืคืขืง ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืคืจืืš, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืงื•ืคืข, ื“ื”. ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข 
ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืกื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ื–ืื ืคืืจื–ืขืœื‘ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื– ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืœื˜ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ึดืึธื“ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืื™ืจ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื‘ืœื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื ืกืืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืกืฐื™ืฐืขื™ 

ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืฅ ืื ื˜ื“ืขืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•" 
ืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ึดืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืืจื•ื ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขืฐื™ืกืขืจ ืžืึธืก ืฆื• ืคืืจื™ 
ืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืคืœืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜", ื ื•ืž. 5, 
5, ื•ื•ืืจืขื•ืข. 


ื˜ื™ื” 


ื’ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ื–. 22. 


ื˜ืก ืกืคื™ื˜ 


ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ: 


ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื’ืŸ.. 


ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขึท- 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ืึทืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ืคืœื™ื’ืœืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ -- ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒื™ 
ืกืขืœืขืš. 

ืžืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืฐื™ ืคึผืจืึธืžืขื˜ืฒ, ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืฉืคืึธืœ- 
ื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืื˜ืึธื, ืคืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื˜ืฐื™ื“ืŸ ,ืงืึธืฐื™ืึธืจ-ืกืืžืึธื™ 
ืœื™ืึธื˜* ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืœื•ืคื˜-ืฉื™ืคืŸ. 

ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ื˜? 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ? ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืื“ืข ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ืึธ ื”ืฒื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื ืฒึทืข ืคืื ื˜ืืกื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜? 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜? ืงืœืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ืื• 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื–, 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืฆ -- 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ื•ืคืข ื“ื™ 
ืืœื˜ืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ืฉืกื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื”ื•ื™ื›ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฒึทืขื 
ืึธื˜ืขื, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืงืฒึทื˜, ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืฉื ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื‘ื 
ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืฐื™ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืฉืข ืžืื›ืกื˜ื• ืขืก? 

ืงืฑื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜- 
ืžื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ื‘ื ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’. 

ื“ืึธืก ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื™ื–, ืฐื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื• ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’, ืฐื™ ื“ื• ืืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืจืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ. ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ืฆื•ื 
ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘, ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“. ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืฐื™ ื ื ื•ืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื›ืฅ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ืึธื“ืขึถืจ. ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืฆืŸ- 
ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคืึธืจื. ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, 
ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ, ืฐื™ 
ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•, ื‘ื ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ื ืคืœืื ืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืืคืจื™ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืืœื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, -- ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ืฐื™ ื ื‘ื™ืœื“, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืœืฒึทืฐื ื˜, 

ืื™ืš, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื“, ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฃ. 

ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืงืœืึธืจ: ืฐื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ 
| ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืืžืข 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃื” ืขื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข 


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ืžื›ื˜ืœืืกื˜ื›ื™ืฉ 


ืฉื•ืจืขืก, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ. 

ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืขืก? ืขืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฐืฒืกื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฐื™ืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“. ืขืจ ืฐืฒืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื 
ืจืขื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืคืฒึทื ื˜ , ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข" ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื‘ืืžื™ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜, ืฐื™ 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืขืžืขืก, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ื‘ืืจื™ืžืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ" 
ืคืืจ ื‘ืืžื™ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ืฉ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืข 
ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ืืœืืก, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ืžืขืจืฒึท. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธืœื˜ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืกืืš ื–ืื›ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฆึทื™ 
ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ืื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“, ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื 
ืคืจืขื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ: ืฐื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
,ื”ืึธืœื˜* ืื•ืŸ , ืคืฒึทื ื˜"? ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ? ืงื•ืง ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜? ืื•ื‘ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ืคืืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. ืื•ื‘ 
ื ื™ื˜ -- ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ. 

ืคืืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกืœืึธื–ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืฐืขืจืง, ืคืืจ 
ืคืจืฒึทืฉืคืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื•ืŸ 
ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง, ืฆื™ ืคืืจ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืฐื™ 
ื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืฃ 
ืื’ืขืฐ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขืจืง ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืขืœืข ื ื™ื˜, 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ. 

ืกื™ื˜ืจืขืคื˜, ืื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ. ืคึผืึธื™ 
ืฉืขื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื™ 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ื• 
ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ, ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจื™ืื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. 

ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’, ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืจื•ื™, ืœื™ื™ื’ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผ ืึธืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคืืจืฉื™ืงืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ื™ 
ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืคืกื ืฒึท. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื˜ืจืขืคื˜, ืืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื•, ืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื–ื™ ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ื ืขืžืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืจืข 
ืฉืฐืขืกื˜ืขืจ --- ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ื™ืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ -- ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื’ืฃ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง 


ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ ืกืขืจืขื‘ืจื™ืื ื™: 


ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
{ืœืื‘ืึทืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข? 


ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื™ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ,ืกืึธืฐืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื ื ืฒึทืข ืจื•ื‘ืจื™ืงืข -- ,ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข". ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืึท ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ,ื", ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืื– ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืœืฒืขื ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ 
ืžืขืจ ื•ืืงืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ืฒึทื’ืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฐื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ... ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื˜ืืงืข ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ืงื•ืืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข ื‘ืกื•ืจืขืก, ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขืคืฅ- 
ืจื™ืฉืข ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ... ืืžืึธืœ ื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก! 

ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื’ืจืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜. 
ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ืกื˜ื• ืžืขื–ื•ืžืขืŸ, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืขืœืฅ 
ื ื™ื˜, ื˜ืึธ, ื–ืฒึท ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ, ืคืืจื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜! 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื’ืฒื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ื™ื™ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืœืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืงืืคื•ืœืขืจ ืึทื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืืจื‘ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ 
ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฐื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ,ืœื•ื™ ื–ืข ื”ื 
ื“ืขืจืขืš", ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฐืขื’. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ 
ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ: ืืžืึธืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ืขืก ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืืžืึธืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒืขื ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืžืึธืœ 
(ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ) ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืก... ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ -- ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืืฆืขืจ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ืง ืฐื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš, ืื– ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืฆื•ื’ืฅ- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื ืงืขื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื™ื•ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื“ 
ืงื™ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจืง ืฐืขืจืŸ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืจืขืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ืคืืจื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืึธืคื˜, ืฐื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง 


ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ .ืจืฆืงืœืืžืฆ". ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื” 


ื•ึท 

ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืฉืขื“ืœืขืš ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ึธืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ | ืฉืฐืื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื‘ื ืžืฆื ื˜ืฉืŸ: ื—ื™ 
ื ืึธืจ ืžืข ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจ'ืŸ, ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึทืงื˜ ืžืฆึธืŸ ื–ื™ืจ. 
ืžืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืฆึถืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืฆึธืจ. ื“ืืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืฆื‘ืŸ., ื• 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขึทืจ -ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจื™ 
ืžืืœืขืจ". ืœืื’ืข, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš. ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ. ื“ืฆึทืจืฆื™ื™ื ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก. ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื“ืื›ื˜ ืฆื™ ืงืฒื•ืจืฅ ื. ืฉื™ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืก? ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฆึธืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ื ื™ 
ื“ืขืกื˜ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜.., 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžืขึธื’ืŸ ืจืฆืืœืข 
ื–ืื›ืŸ. ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง (ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืขื ืกืืจืŸ 
ื ื‘ืื ื“ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ, ื ื‘ืื ื“ ื’ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื‘ืื ื“ ืคืฒึทืคืœ ืกื™ื˜ืึธ. 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื•ืง ื“ืขืจ 4ื™ืกืขืจ ื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฆึทืจ 
ื”ืืœื‘-ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืฉืขืจ = ืฉืึธืœืขื:ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืื–ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืข = (.ืžืฆื ืื– 
ื›ืขื-ืžืขื ื“?"), ืฆื• ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ืจืฒืกืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื ื™ืง ื‘ื- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ืกืขืจื™ืข ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืก ื‘ืจื™ื–ื•, 

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืฆืกื™ื•ื“ 
ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฐืขืกื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคืืจืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœืกื™ืœื™ืกืขื“ืื˜ื•ืจ 
ื. ื . ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ื’ืึธืจืงื™ (ืฐื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ื™ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ)- 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ื? .ืกืึทืฐืฆื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“- 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืจืขืืœืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ื“ืฆืจืจ 
ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธืฃ ืื™ืš, ืื– ื›'ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื›ื•ื™ืž ืคืืจืŸ 
ืœื™ืขื ืขืจ. ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉืฒึทืขืš ื“ืขืจ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืืกืึทืจื™ืฅ, 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆืฒืœืŸ 
ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ... 


ื™ื”ื—ืžืจ โ€ ืœืื” 
-ื› 5 


ืืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉืึทืœืขื-ืคืึทืจื•ื ืคืœ ืึทื ื™ืงืŸ | 

1 

ื–ืขืงืก ื˜ืขื’, ืคื•ืŸ 10 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 15 ื™ื•ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ึถ 
-ืคื™ื ืœืื ื“ -- ื”ืขืœืกื™ื ืงื™ -- ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜-ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก ืคืืจ 
ืฉืึธืœืขื, ื ืืฆืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืื•ืžืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื™ ืฆื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขื ืง ืคื•ืŸ | 


ืฐืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 


0 ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 98 ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ. 


ืืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ืกืจืฒึทื›ืข ืจืขื“ืข , ืืฒื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก 
ืื™ื– ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืœืขื" ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืœืขื’ืืฆื™ืข ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืจื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื•ืง. 

ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืœืขื’ืื˜ ืื™ืœื™ื ืขืจืขื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 


ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 


-- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื’ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐืขื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขืคืขืจ- 
ืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื™ื ืขืก. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืึทื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฆืฐืฒื™:ืื•ืŸ"ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง- 
ืกื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฐื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจื™ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืฉื ืฐืขืจื˜ ืืœืฅ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืข- 
ื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื ื˜ืื’ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ื‘ืืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœืื ื“, ืžืฒึทืจืขืฐ-ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“, 
ืฐื•ึผ ืคืจื™ึทืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคืขืœ- 
ืงืขืจ ืงืึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึทึธืš ื ืงืขืจืขืฐืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข... 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืจืขื–ืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฐื™ืขื˜ื ืื 


ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’. 


ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ-ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืœืฒึทื˜ 


ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื ื™ืฆืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ-ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ 
ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืจืงืึธืฐืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ืŸ-ื”ื•ื™ื– 
ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ึธืืœ-ื˜ืึธืฐืœ, 
ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืืจืงืึธืฐืขืจ ืฉืจื™- 
ื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ื”ืขืœื“ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. 

ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืึธืฐ?, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคึผ. ืืœื˜ืžืืŸ, 
ืž. ืืจืึธื ืกืงื™, ื™. ืคืขืœื“ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืž. ื›ืืฉื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืืฆืงื™. 


.5 ืขืก 7" ืœืช ืขื™ ื˜ื ื 


| 


ืฉื” . . 


ืคืจืึทื ื™ืง 


ืก. ืžืืจืฉืืงืก 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข 


ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ื‘ืื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ-ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืื ื“ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฅ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ ืžื™ื›ืืœืงืึธื•, ืฐืขืœื›ืข 
ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื–ืืžืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื™ืฆ- 
ืจื•ืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ืกืืžืฑื™ึทืœ ืžืืจืฉืืง, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื" 
ืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืก ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ืข ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ 12 
ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ. 


ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื’. ืงืจืืฐื•ืฆืึทื•ืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืœืึธื’ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ-ื’ืืœืขืจื™ื™ืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื ืกืคืฅ- 
ืฆื™ืขืœืข ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืจืืคื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœืขืจ ื’ืขืจืฉืŸ 
ืงืจืืฐืฆืึธ. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืงืกืคืึธื ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื " 
ืกื˜ืœืขืจืก ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ื’ืจืืฐื™ื•ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื™ 
ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขึถืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ. ืกื" 
ื›ืืงืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ 
ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ื 350 ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ. 

ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืื’ืื‘ื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืคื•ืจืขืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. 
ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืงืกืคืึธื ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืขืก ืฆื• ืž. ืฐื™ื ืขืจืก ,ืงืึธื™ 
ืœืขืฐ ืืฉืงืขื ืื–ื™", ืคึผ. ืžืืจืงื™ืฉืขืก 
,ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ", ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™. ืคืฅ- 
ืคืขืจ, . ืงืฐื™ื˜ืงืึธ, ื“. ื”ืึทืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ, 
ืฉ. ื”ืืœืงื™ืŸ, ื. ืงื•ืฉื ื™ืจืึธืฐ, ื“. ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื. ืฐืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก ืื. ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ,ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ" ืื•ืŸ ,ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืŸ. 

ื’. ืงืจืืฐืฆืึธื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืฉืืคืŸ ื ืฒึทืฅ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ,ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืืœืขืค- 
ื‘ื™ื™ืกืŸ, 


ื“ืขื ืึทื ื“ืขื ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ื‘ื•ืžืื’ืฅืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจืึธื‘ื™ื“ื–ืฉืืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื–ืืฐืึธื“, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ื™ื”ื™ 
ืกืขืฃ ื‘ื•ืžืื’ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื ื“ืขื ืงืžืึธืœ ืœืขืงืึธืฐืขื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจืึธื‘ื™ืš- 


198 


ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ-ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ: 
ืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืžืึธืœ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ืกื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ื‘ื•ืžื- 
ื’ื™ืŸ, ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืืฐืขืจื™ืื ืึธื•, ืžื™ื›ืึธืขืœ 
ื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืงื™ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ื‘ืจืึธื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธื›ืขื 
ืื•ื ื™ืง, ืืฐืจืึธื ืงืจืืกื ืึธืคึผืึธืœืกืงื™ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื™ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. 

ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ื“ืขื ืงืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืคืืจืง ืืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื”ืขืœื“ ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ื‘ื•ืžืื’ื™ืŸ. 


ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ 


ืื™ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ื™ื–ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ- 
ืคืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืกืึธืฃ ื™ื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืฆ- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืฅ 
ืžืึธืœืขืจ ืžืืจื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืจืขืฆืงืื™ื, ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ 
ื’ืจืึธื‘ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึท ืคึผืึธืคืึธื•. 

ื ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืจื•ืคืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฅ- 
ืกืื ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ-ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื . ืคึผืึธืคึผืึธืฐื•, ืื•ื™ืš ืž. ื’ืจืึธื‘ืžืื ืก ืคืึธืœืง- 
ืœืึธืจ-ืžืึธื˜ื™ืฐืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื˜- 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ. 


ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืก. ืจื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื™ื–ื™ืข 


ื“ืขื 20 ื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•- 
ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืฐื™ื–ื™ืข-ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืก. ืจื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธ 
ื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจืŸ-ืคืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ 
ื™ื•. ืกืขืžืขื ื™ืืงื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจืฒึทื’- 
ืคื™ืจ-ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•- 
ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืขื’ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืก. ืจื™ื•ืงื™ืŸ. 


ืฆ. ื“ืึทืœื’ืึทืคึผืึทืœืกืงื™ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกื™ืฉ 


ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ึดื•ื 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ-ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืก- 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืกืง ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื ื‘ืื ื“ ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ืคืืจืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฆืึธื™ 
ื“ืขืง ื“ืึธืœื’ืึธืคึผืึธืœืกืงื™. 


ืึทืคืŸ ืึทื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึทื ืืœืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ-ื™ืึทืจื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืฉืข 


ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ืืจืฉืข 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ-ื™ืืจื™ื“, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš 60 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืืคืŸ ื™ืืจื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 60 ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ ื‘ื™ 
ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
4 (ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจ, ื‘ืื˜ืจืขืคื˜ 
0 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜). ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืจื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื ื•" 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืืจื˜ื™ืจืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื™ 
ืœืขืจ-ืžืขืžืฉืึธืœืข. ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืฆืึธืœ 
ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก:ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืžืึธืงืจืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง. 

ื ืกืคืขืฆื™ืขืœืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืืคืŸ ื™ืืจื™ื• 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ืคืืจืœืื’ ,ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืš". 


ืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืงืœืกืึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื›ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึทืจ 


ืขืก ืื™ื–ืŸ ืืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 80 ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข, ืœืื ื’ื™ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืืจ" 
ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ , ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ"-ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜" ืจื•ึผืฐืŸ 
ื™ื•ืงืœืกืึธืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜-ืฆื•-ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืจ. ื™ื•ืงืœื™ 
ืกืึธืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง' 
ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ. 

,ืกืึธึทืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืฐื™ื ื˜ืฉืขื•ืื ื™ืขืก, ืฐืขืœื›ืข 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐื•ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ื™ 
ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืฑ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืจ. 


ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืŸ,, 
;ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜" 


ื“ื™ ืื•ืจื•ื’ืฐืฒึทืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ 
ื•ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ,ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ื™ื™ ืžืขืจืงื˜ 
ืึธืคึผ โ€ ืื™ืจ ื“ืจืฒืกื™ืงื™ืึธืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื™ 
,ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื™ 
ืฆื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึทื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื˜ืฒึทืš-ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข. ื–ื™ 
ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืืกืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืงืืžืฃ, ืฆื•ื•ืื™ 
ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื“ืขืžืึธืงืจืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืื ื“, ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืืกื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ื–ื, ืคืืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ 


105 


ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ื - 
ื“ื™ืงืข. ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืขืจื - 
ืกื˜ืข ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื“ืขื ,ืื™ืงื•ืฃ" ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™- 
ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ื ืขื ืื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“. 

ืžื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืŸ ื’ืจื•ืก 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืกื˜ืขืจื™ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ,ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜". 


ืฉืึทืœืขื:ืืœืฒื›ืขื ืืฃ 
ื™ืืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ 


ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืืคึผืึธื ื™ืฅ ื˜ืึธืงื™ืึธ ื’ืข- 
ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ื™ืืคืึทื ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืœื•ื‘. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคื™- 
ืจืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืœื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืจืื”ืื ืกืื - 
ื’ืืงื™, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง 
ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜-ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืืคืึธื ื™ืฉืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื•ื‘ ื’ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ืืคืึธ- 
ื ื™ืฉ ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืก ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ 
ืกืื ื’ืืงื™ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ืืคึผืึธื ื™ืข ื‘ืื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืืจื•ื 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืขืก, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืงื™ืึธ, ืืกืืงื, ื™ืึธืงื- 
ื”ืืžื ืื•ืŸ ื ืื’ืืกืืงื™. 


ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึทืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ืฐื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืืจืฉืขืฐื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึท 


ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจืื ืึธืฐืขืจ ืจืืืึธืŸ 
ืฉืข, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉ-ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคืืฆื™ืข 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ืื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืืžืขื ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ืฒึท ื”ื•ื™ื–, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืจืึธื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ ืกืžืึธื˜ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ื›ืข ืื ื™ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื ื˜- 
ื“ืขืงื˜ ื ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžื ื™ืกืคื•ืœืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืขืœ. ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืืœื˜ 100 ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 60 ืกืื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœืฅ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืคืŸ-ืžืฒึทืจืขืฐื“ื™ 
ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ -- ืฆื•ื ื’ืขื ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™- 
ืœืขื, 


ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจ- 
ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ 


ืžืข ืื™ื– ืžืขืฉืฒึทืขืจ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื˜ื•ื ืขืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื–ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืืœืก ื ื‘ืื”ืขืœ- 
ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืฉื•ื ืขืœ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืฉื˜, 


ื ื ืืฆื™ืึทื ืืœืขืจ ืžืึทื ื•ืžืขื ื˜ 


ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืึธืœื™ื ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจื™ึทืขืกื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜:ืœืื’ืขืจ ,ืกื- 
ืกืื‘ืึธ", ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 10 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื’ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืขื ืง. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืฒืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืคึผื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื–ื–ืงืืžืขืจืขืก. 

ื“ื™ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉืข ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขืฐืขื–ืขื ืขื ืœื- 
ื’ืขืจ ,ืกืืŸ'ืกืื‘ืึธื™ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืืœืก 
,ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง-ืคืœืืฅ". 


ื ืฒึทืข ืฐืขืจืง ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืฆื™ื›ืขืก 
ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžื™ืœื›ืึทืžืข 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ-ืžืขืž- 
ืฉืึธืœืข ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืืคืŸ ืกืžืืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืขืจ- 
ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ืœื“ืขืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธืฉืฐืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืžืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืœืื’ืขืจ, ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืคืขืจืข, ื’ืขืฐื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืจืื’ืขื“ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดืฉื•ึผืฐื™ื 
ืื™ืŸ ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืฅ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. 

ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืข ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ 
ื ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ. 


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ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื•ื›ื™ืฉืข ืงื™ืึธื™ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื’ืืจืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ืคื™ืœื, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ 
ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืขื”ื™ืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื’ืืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 

ืึธืงื•ืคึผืืฆื™ืข. 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ืฐื•ืข 
ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื’ืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. 


0 


ืื™ืŸ ืืžืกื˜ืขืจื“ืื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ,ื’ืข- 
ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธื™ 
ืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืก- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืืฆื™ืข". ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ -- ื™ืื - 
ืงืขืฐื• ืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ. 


ืฆื•ื 770ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึทื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืงืก ืฐืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืš 


ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืื’ (ื”ืึธืœืื ื“) ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื 70:ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืืš- 
ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ืžืืงืก ืฐืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื ื‘ื•ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืืœื˜ 560 ื–ืฒึทื˜ืฃ 


ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ 40 ืืฐื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืขื™ 
ื–ืฒืขืจืข ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคืจืื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืฅ ื–ึตื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ 
ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืฐืจื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ. 


ืืœื‘ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืกืึทื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืข 


ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืกืงืขืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืืจื›ื™ื•ื• ื–ื™ 
ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืืœื‘ืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ โ€ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกืœืื ื“. 

ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืืจืืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืืœื‘ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืก ื 
ืœื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜-ืืงื- 
ื“ืขืžื™ืข ืืœืก ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ื™ 
ืกื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืก. 
ื˜ืึธื’. 


ืขืจืข ื–ืฒืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขื ืง 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืึธืœืื™ึดื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ 
ืžืืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื‘ืขืจ, ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ 20 ืฐืขืจืง 
ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืื™ึดื–ื, ื›ืืกื™ื“ื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืฅ- 
ื ื™ื–ื. 

ืžืืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืŸ. ืฐืขืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืื›ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื•ื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ืขืกื˜ืจืฒึทืš. ืื™ืŸ 1938 ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื- 
ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืึธืœืื™ึดื. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 
ืฆื• ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ-ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜. 

2 

ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื’ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื- 
ืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ื™ื•" 
ืœื™ืŸ. ื ืกืืš ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™. ื™ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืืœืก ืืง- 
ื˜ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“, ืคึผื•ืฑื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืœืขื˜ืœืื ื“. 


199 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 


ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฐื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืึธื“ืคืขืกื˜ื™ื•ืืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื’ืข ืงื™ื ืึธื™ืคืขืกื˜ืฒ 
ื•ื•ืืœืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ 69 ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ืงื™ื ืึธื™ืคืขืกื˜ื™ื•ื•ืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืฐื™ื–: 
,ืคืืจ ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ื–ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืึธื™ืงื•ื ืกื˜, ืคืืจ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜" 
ืฉืืคื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ". ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืกืŸ-ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ื›-ื™ 
ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึทื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื™ื ืึธื™ืงื•ื ืกื˜. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกืึทืฐืฆื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืขืกืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืœืขืš ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืขืกื˜ื™ื•ืืœ, ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืข" 
ื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืึทื " 
ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ืข ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ. ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ-ืคื™ืœื ,ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง" (;ื“ื™ ื’ืœืฆื™ 
ื–ืขืจื ืข ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’") ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ,,ืคืจืื•ื•ื“ื", ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืก, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: 

ืื™ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ,ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข: ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื›ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื ืึทืš 
ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืึธืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜:ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ืคื™ืขืจ -- ื ื’ืขืฐืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืขืคื˜: 
ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข-ืœืื’ืขืจืŸ -- 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื“ืื ืง ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืืŸ ืฆืกืขืกืึธืฐืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืคื˜ืœื™ื ื’ืก ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื™ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ืื™ืฆื˜, ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฆื™ื›ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืืจื‘ืจืข- 
ื›ืขืจ, ืžืื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ืงืึทืฉืžืืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ืกื ื‘ื™ืกืŸ: 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ืึธืขืก.. 

ื“ื™ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜: 
ืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ืฆืก 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืค ื“ื™ ื ืืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืื™ื ื˜ืึธื ืืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืืกืงื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 

ืคึผื™ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื ืืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืึธื ืฆืœืื’ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜, ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜, ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืฐื™ื’ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐื•ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขืžืคื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืฉื™ื–ื. ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืจื™ื’ืกื™ 
ืœืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืื ืขืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื ื“ื™ 
ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื’ื™ืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืœืื ื’". 

ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื•ืจื™ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืขืกื˜ื™ืฐื? ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืคึผืจื™ื–ืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืœืžืขื˜ืจืื–ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืคื™ืœื ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฐืฆื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืœื 
,ืžื™ืœื›ืึทืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ" ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื’ืืจื™ืฉืŸ---,ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ืฉืึธื™, 
ืžื™ื˜- ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืžืขื“ืืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ืœื 
;ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืž? ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ" ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืขื›ืึธืกืœืึธื•ื•ืืงื™ืฉืขืจ ---,ืืŸ 
ืื˜ืขื ื˜ืื˜", 

ืคืืจ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ ืืžื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ-ืจืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืจื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉืข ืงื™ื ืึธื–ืืงื˜ืจื™ืกืข ืกืึธืคื™ ืœืึธืจืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ 
ืืžื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื ืžืขื ืขืจ'ืจืึธืœ -- ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืกืขืจื’ืึธ 
ื–ืืงืืจื™ืื“ื–ืข. : 

ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื•ืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื" 
ืœื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒ?ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืคืขืกื˜ื™ื•ื•ืืœ. 


ืจ ืื ื™ืงืŸ 


ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืงื™ืึทืจื™ืงืขืจ 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึทื’ ืคืŸ 
ืœืขื•ื• ืงืืกื™? 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 60 ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืœืขืฐ 
ืื‘ืจืืžืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืงืืกื™ืœ. : 

ืœืขื•ื• ืงืืกื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข 
ืฐืขืจืง ืคืืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื˜. ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ 
ืฆื™ืกื˜. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ,ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื’ื•ื˜ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ" ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ืืŸ 


ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื™ 
ื˜ื•ืจ. ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืข 
ื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจ 
ืื™ื– ?. ืงืืกื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐื™ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืืœืก ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“'ืงืึธืจืขืกืคืึทื ื“ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื“ืื’ืึธื’ื™ืฉืข 
ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืกืคืกืจ. 


ื‘ืืœืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื–ื™ื˜ืึทืจืŸ 
ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ื™ืก ืจืึทื–ืฉืึทืฐืกืงื™ 


ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ึดืขืฐืขืจ ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืฉืŸ. ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข- 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ 
;ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข -- ืงืจื•ืžืข ืฉืคื™ื’ืœืขืฃ". 
ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ืกืึทืฐืฆื˜ื™ืฉืขืฅ 
ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ื™ืก ืจืึธื–ืฉืึธืฐืกืงื™, ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืขื˜ืึธ -- ื“ื™ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืคื•ืœืข 


ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจืŸ 


ืฉื•ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืกืกืจ ื’. ืกืงืืจื•ืœืกืงืข. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืจืขื˜ืึธ 
ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืขืœืขืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฐ. ื’ื•ื‘ืืจื™ืึธื•ื• ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคืึธืœื’. 


10-40 


ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืžืฒืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ 


ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืก 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ,ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืงื™ืฉืขืคื˜ืขืจ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ" (ื’ื•ืืฉ), 1946 


ื•ื™ื™: ื‘ื˜ 


ืืŸ ืขืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ืฉืขืจ (ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจื), 1964 


= 


ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืื–ืื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืืื•ืœ (ื’ื•ืืฉ), 1943 


ืžื™ื™ืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ึธืืคึผืื–ืึธืŸ -- ืžืึธืœืขืจืฒึท, ื’ืจืืคื™ืง, ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ-ืื•ื™ืกืคื•ืจืขืžื•ื ื’, -- ืคืืจืงืขืจืคืขืจื˜ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก:ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœ. ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ (1902), ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื˜ืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผืื–ืฉ ื‘ืื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืื ื’ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ"ืขืจื“ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืœืื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืฒื™ื–ืื–ืฉืŸ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ื”ื™ื›ึผืฉ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืคืฃ 
ื“ืึธืก ืืœื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืขืก ืฆื• ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœืฒื™ื›ืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืข- 
ืฆืขืก ืฐืขืจืง, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืคื•ืจืขืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื•ืจื’ื™ืข ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืก- 

ืงืฐืขืจ, ืžื™ื ืกืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ึทืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจืก. 

ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื ื ืฒื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืขืก -- ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื™ืข 
;ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกืœืื ื“", ,ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื™ืขืจื™ื-ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืื ื“". ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื’ืขื“ื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜:ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืืฒื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืฉืืคื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืข ืคึผืฒื™ื–ืื–ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืžืื–ืฉืึธืจืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. 

ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืืจืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ -- ืื™ื ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜, ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆ;ืึธื ืขืœืขืจ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ' 
ื”ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืขืจืง ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื™ื ื˜ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืœื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ ืขืงืกืคึผืึธื ื™ืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ืฒืœ 
ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ, ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืื ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืืœืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ืคื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฐืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“, 


ืœืขืฉ { 


1 .ืืข 
ื™ื™ ื™ื™ ื“ื™ื™ ื™ืฉื™ ืจืขื˜ืฉ 


ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืก ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ (ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจื), 1963 


(!ืฐ/ืฐื”ืก? 884ื008810) ืชื”ืืชืื•ืขืžื– ืฐื•ืขืฐื“088ืก 


ื”ื•ืง ืฆืื’ 111ื˜202860178061111ืฆึธื-ืกื•ื•ืงืฆื–ื“ื”ืงืกื–ื•ื•ืช. 14ื˜ื ืชืกืกื•ืืกืื ื 

0 2162660ืกื—ื— 6001034 26ื–ืง0 
(230166 66060408021 40) 
81 ืชื•ื”ื’ืช3ื• ืชืก} 

ื›ืžืชืกื“2ืกืขืช /4008610411 0780ื˜ืช1132216 
.8606240 .2 ืงืกื“ื22ืกืง :281 1 
ืกืžืงืฆ1ืข 1079 , (ื˜ืง0680672 01860786111111) 8ืกืช. .4 ,ืคืงื’ื“ื•ึผื•ืก' ./ ,ืฆื•ื•ืžืกืืขืงืกื .11 :ื’ื’ืขืชืกืชืชืกืืชืก2 
4020 .0 ,2 ื:ืช42 .11 ,6ืฉื”ืก1 ื—ื™ ,ื’ื”4ืกืฅืง .? 8ืฐ226 / ื˜ืขืžืกืงืกื˜ืข0 .ื– ,ืงืกืชืชื•ื•! .ื 


.17 ,160082 .ืชืฅ ,1167 ,2100482 :ืช2ืชืงืฅืื’ ื•ื•ื•ืื’ืชืกืง ืกืกืงืช2 
:9 24 } -- ืคืงื’ื“ืกืงืืกืก 78610786000ืก ;8:27:91 8 -- ืงืกื–ืื’ื”ืกืง 0288 :ื•8ืฐืก66ืช16 
.7 2 -- ื•ืื•ื•ื–ื•ื•ืงื 0126 :49:-8-49 8 -- 0331 11 ื•ืžื‘ึผืกืงืช 1ืžืช86ื“ืก 


ืงืกืืก1 2 ืขื’ ืงืกื“ืกืฆืขืŸ 11 :ื”ืžื˜ื28ืกืง .ืฐ168-.20086078ืฅ2 
ื” 2 ืืก 8 30ืกืง } .ืช } ืื•ืฐ/ืžื”7ืกืงื“ืก 2 ื•ื˜ืงืกื–ืืกืงืงืกืŸ 


2626 2/-9 ื™ืช ืืขื .(10)13270 .ืช .1164 .4ืŸ/!7026108 ื“ื’ืืงืก?) .ืช 1965 11ืข/12 ื•ื•ื“ืื˜ืกื— ื ืกืื˜ืกื•ื•ืชื’ืกื•ืŸ 
0 306 .ื—ืกื 50 1168 .16,21 .ืช .ืชื‘ึผืข-. 


ืืกืžื—ื”ืงื—ื•ื•ืืกื—ืžื’ื'ืŸ 7 ื˜ืืŸ ื”ืฐื’ืงื–ืกื—ื•ื•ื“ ื”ื’ืืกืืกืืกืก!ืŸ 
.ืื“ื’ืžื˜ืช ืกื— 6600 ืคืกืงื–ืกืฐืฐื}// ื’ื–86ืก.) ื’ื“ื–ื–ืฐืืกืฆืŸ ืกื–ืกืืื˜ืคึผื–ืกืงื’ื’ืึธืกืกื– 
3 ,082 048 ื4/ .11:2 


?ื•ื™ 


+ ืกื 22 ื’ืืกื˜ 


ืืข ื ื™ื™ ืขื™ ื 


:ืกืื• ืกื˜ 8 


.6/487066ื“ 60802:;ืกืงื”ืกืก ื ืืชื–ืฅื” 8 
686//0468 608670844 6ืื 8ื’ื•8ืกืก ื”ื”) 
ื .(38808ืกืงืช 
1868 ื–ืชืชืืกืงื— ื˜ืžืงื .ื™ืคืก ืง6ืฉืก }ื– 
.(1103/8) ...=ืช6ื– 
0 .8ืกืื ืฅืงื) .8 ืฅ * 8ืช ืกื•ืช ื 


ื• 

ึผ = .3 ,ื’ืงืคึผื˜ืงืกืช .11 ,ื”ืกืžืืžืกืช .2 ืืฆืื–ื˜ 
: ,0118 

-5 3 2 0 680188ืชืกื•ื– ืกื–ืกืืงืขื–ื’ืงืกื–ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืข 

ื™ .0 ื–ืก ื ืก ืž 8ืฉ ืง 88 8ืก. 

= .86ืกืื•ื•ืง 8 ืกื ื” ืข .ื—8ื6ื”ื’ืžืขืŸ 5 

: .(ื•ื˜860483) .ืคื–ืกืกืชืงืกื– 0484ืก8? 


- 1443 8 ืฆืคืืงื– 
.3886 8816ืกื–ืฅืŸ! .46 ืช 6 ื—ืง 86 6 
ื™ืง :(ืคื•ื™ื•ื•ืคืื ืชืกืžืกืžื—). 


: 


6 ืฉึถืก 8118016ืฉ8 7/ืก11ืกื˜ืง ืกืกื‘ื ืช 1785 161121ื”ื ืช ืคื•ื—' ื“ื™ 


ืช0000210? 11016045 1161112986 


== 
ืจ ื 0 


ื‘ืชืกืก. 14006ืก-1060100190ื—1 
1ื–1116.00ื˜ืก-ื—ืคื•ืก0ื ืขืฅ//:01405 


0821108ืžื˜20 6049(ืกื–? 116/11896 106 0)